4. Anything new [should be] based on what is already known. (Anderson) What have others done? What did they find? What do they recommend? What can I use? (Fahy)
9. 5-Stage Critical Thinking Model (Garrison, 1991) For assessing how learners develop critical thinking
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11. Interaction Analysis model (IA) (Gunawardena, Lowe & Anderson, 1997) For assessing social construction of knowledge (in less or no instructor presence)
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13. Triggering event Exploration Integration Resolution Comparison Chart The other two models focus on cognitive and meta-cognitive dimensions Informal learning Formal learning Cognitive Presence