methods of west disposal...and dtailed about west management

1. SEMINAR ON
WASTE
MAMAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:- MR.SUSHIL.N.GAIKWAD
4TH YEAR BASING
K.K.WAGH COLLEGE OF NURSING
NASHIK

2. DEFINITION
• Waste management or waste disposal
are all the activities and actions
required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal. This
includes amongst other things
collection, transport, treatment and
disposal of waste together with
monitoring and regulation.

3. TYPE OF WASTE
SOLID WASTES
• wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and
industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans,
papers
LIQUID WASTES
• wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds,

4. SOLID WASTE
LIQUID WASTE

5. HEALTH HAZARDS
1. Unplanned disposal of waste materials cancause
various health hazards as:
2. Waste gets decomposed and favors fly breeding.
3. Attracts rodents and vermin (insects, paste,etc.)
4. Pathogens from wastes may be conveyed back to
man’s food through fly and dust.
5. Possibility of water and soil pollution
6. Unsightly appearance and nuisance from bad odors
7. Increase in the incidence of vectorborne diseases

6. METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL
1) Dumping
2) Controlled tipping or sanitary land fill
(trench, ramp and area methods)
3) Incineration
4) Manure pits
5) Burial

7. LIQUID WASTE (SEWAGE)
Composition of Sewage
• 99.9 % of water
• 0.1 % of solids (organic + inorganic)
• Offensive odor mainly due to organic matter

8. AIM OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
• To stabilize the organic matter so that it
can be disposed off safely.
• Decreases pathogen content.
• Decreases organic materials.

9. THE MODERN SEWAGE TREATMENT
• Primary treatment :
1. Screening
2. Greet chember
3. Primary sedementation
• Secondary treatment
1. Trickling filter method
2. Activated sludge process

10. OTHER METHODS OF SEWAGE
DISPOSAL
• Sea outfall
• River outfall
• Land treatment
• Oxidation pond

11. EXCRETA DISPOSAL
• One of the main sources of excreta, especially in
dove where Open field defecation, pit latrines are
still prevalent and there is no proper disposal of
the night soil.
Improper disposal of human excreta can cause:
• Soil pollution
• Water pollution and waterborne diseases '
• Contamination of food and foodborne diseases
• Propagation of flies and vectorborne disease

12. METHODS OF EXCRETA
DISPOSAL
1)Service type
2)Non service type

13. Service type
• In this method, collection and removal of
night soil was carried out by human agency by
using bucket and pan. This process is called
the conservancy system and the latrines are
called service latrine.

14. NON-SERVICE TYPE/SANITARY
LATRINE
• Excreta should not contaminate the ground
or surface water
• Excreta should not pollute the soil.
• Exccreta should not be accessible to rodent
and animal
For example: borehole latrins

15. BOREHOLE LATRINE
• It was first introduced by Rockefeller
Foundation during 1930% in campaign of
hookworm control;
• consists of a circular hole (30-40 cm 12-16
inches) in diameter.dug vertically into ground
to a depth of 4-8 m (13-26 ft) most commonly
20 ft (6 m).
• For a family of 5-6 members, one borehole
latrine is enough for 1 year

16. BOREHOLE LATRINE

17. DISPOSAL OF DEAD BODY
• Like most animals, when humans die, their
bodies start to decompose, emitting a foul
odor and attracting scavengers and decompo-
sers. For these reasons, corpses must be
disposed of pro
• dead body disposal is always associated with
religious rituals and varies from country to
country.

18. METHOD OF DEAD BODY DISPOSAL
• a Burial of the entire body in the earth often
withn coffin.
• Permenant store in above ground tobm
• Cremation ,wich burn soft tissue renders
much of skeleton to ash
• Electrical crimatorium: disposal of dead body
In electrical burns.

19. PRINCIPLE OF EMERGENCY
DEADBODY DISPOSAL
• Give priority to the living over the dead
• Identify and tag corpses
• Provide appropriate mortuary services
• Respond to the wishes of the family
• Respect cultural an religious observances
• Protect community from trancemission of
medical epidemics.

20. ROLE OF NURSE IN WESTE
MANAGEMENT
• Initial assessment.
• Health education
• Construction of disposal unit and supervision.
• Evaluation
• Record keeping
• Epidemiological studies