The document discusses several topics related to sustainable design and energy efficiency. It begins with a short summary of the importance of sunlight for living organisms and how architects have worked to harness its power while reducing its negative effects. It then lists characteristics of ecologically friendly houses, including being modifiable, informative, interactive, secure and comfortable. Next, it provides ideas for energy efficient construction such as ventilation, insulation, passive solar techniques, water reuse and photovoltaic technology. The document continues with advantages of underground and earth sheltered construction including energy savings, reduced visual impact, stability and protection from weather. Finally, it briefly discusses types of pollution like air, water, soil and noise pollution and main causes of global warming as the greenhouse effect

1. Important for mid term fist year second semester Sir Syed
Javeria
Good Luck 
Sunlight
• As we all know that Sun is the brightest star in the solar system. It gives us light which is
a valuable source of heat energy. It can be considered as the ‘life blood’ for all living
things on the planet and without which, almost all the living organisms would fail to exist.
• The sun also creates few problems for living beings. For example, extreme heat which is
often undesirable for it causes an increase in temperature. Therefore people have found
ways over time to use the power of sun and reduce its negative effects. Never theless, the
architects have also played role in maneuvering this source intelligently (Sustainable
Design Guide, 2008)¹.
Which aspects does house must include the characteristics of being ecological (5 marks )
1. Modifiable and flexible
2. Informative
3. Interactive
4. Secure
5. Comfortable
IDEAS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION Needs? 10 Marks
mubbee
1. Ventilation (Natural & Mechanical)
2. Insulation
3. Passive solar techniques
4. Water reuse & recycling
5. Photovoltaic Technology
6. Choice of Materials
7. Use of state-of- the-art software

2. All over the world the use of Underground space is being considered seriously as a potential
solution to the problems of surface development.
The main reasons are:
1. Pressures on space
2. High land values
3. Energy saving
4. Reduced visual impact
5. Stability of the environment
6. Lower maintenance costs
7. Protection from extremes of weather
THE ADVANTAGES OF EARTH SHELTERING
1. Long Life Expectancy
2. Better ENERGY SAVINGS than other designs
3. Architecturally exciting inside
4. Even Proof against Earthquakes
5. Does NOT contribute to, and is less affected by GLOBAL WARMING
6. Excavation possible source of material
7. Unaffected by WIND or WEATHER
8. SAVES SPACE - Kind to the environment

3. . 9. Provides greater security
10. NO DRAUGHTS - Minimum infiltration
11. Exceptionally LOW FIRE RISK - so LOWER insurance premiums
12. Construction possible on steep slopes
13. Usually provides LOW VISUAL IMPACT
14. Very little Structural Maintenance
15. Quiet and Private. But light and airy
16. Sympathetic to elegant Landscaping
Question 5. Explain pollution
Types of pollution 1 mark
1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil
4. Marine
5. Noise
6. Thermal
Explain ma
in causes of global warming: 2 Marks
1. Green house effect
2. Ozone depletion
3. Nuclear Hazards