Power paper is an emerging technology which is thin, flexible and environment-friendly, allowing integration into a wide range of products. Their functioning is similar to conventional chemical batteries.

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SEMINAR TOPIC:
POWER PAPER
Swetansh M. ShrivastavaSwetansh M. Shrivastava
EC IIIyrEC IIIyr
Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of TechnologyRaj Kumar Goel Institute Of Technology
GhaziabadGhaziabad

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Power PaperPower Paper, while the, while the
name of a company, hasname of a company, has
come to be the term referringcome to be the term referring
to an ultra-thin to an ultra-thin batterybattery..
• Power paper is an emergingPower paper is an emerging
technology which is thin,technology which is thin,
flexible and environment-flexible and environment-
friendly, allowing integrationfriendly, allowing integration
into a wide range of products.into a wide range of products.
Their functioning is similar toTheir functioning is similar to
conventional chemicalconventional chemical
batteries with the importantbatteries with the important
difference that they are non-difference that they are non-
corrosive and do not require acorrosive and do not require a
bulky housing.bulky housing.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Yet, as new technologies are slimming down theYet, as new technologies are slimming down the
size of electronic devices, power supplies havesize of electronic devices, power supplies have
not slimmed down at the same pace. not slimmed down at the same pace.
• Power PaperPower Paper, an Israel-based company, has, an Israel-based company, has
recognized the need for a thinner power sourcerecognized the need for a thinner power source
that will not only power electronic devices, butthat will not only power electronic devices, but
also fit into disposable devices like games,also fit into disposable devices like games,
greeting cards, smart cards, luggage tags andgreeting cards, smart cards, luggage tags and
some medical devices.some medical devices.

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DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
• It is developed in August 2007,It is developed in August 2007, atat
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteRensselaer Polytechnic Institute by:by:
• Dr. Dr. Robert LinhardtRobert Linhardt,, Senior ConstellationSenior Constellation Professor ofProfessor of
Biocatalysis and Metabolic engg.Biocatalysis and Metabolic engg.
• Dr.Dr. Pulickel M. AjayanPulickel M. Ajayan,, professor ofprofessor of materialsmaterials
science and engg.science and engg.
• Dr.Dr. Omkaram NalamasuOmkaram Nalamasu,, professor ofprofessor of chemistry inchemistry in
materials science and engg.materials science and engg.

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ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
• It consist of three differentIt consist of three different
layers. It haslayers. It has
conventional zincconventional zinc
manganese-dioxidemanganese-dioxide
components as anodecomponents as anode
and cathode. Sandwichedand cathode. Sandwiched
in between, the cell'sin between, the cell's
chemical power sourcechemical power source
remains a closelyremains a closely
guarded secret.guarded secret.

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ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
• A A zinczinc and and manganesemanganese
dioxidedioxide (MnO2) -based (MnO2) -based
cathode and anode arecathode and anode are
fabricated from proprietaryfabricated from proprietary
inks. In a battery, theinks. In a battery, the
cathode refers to thecathode refers to the
positive terminal and thepositive terminal and the
anode refers to theanode refers to the
negative terminal.negative terminal.
• Standard Standard silkscreensilkscreen
printing pressesprinting presses are are
used to print the batteriesused to print the batteries
onto paper and otheronto paper and other
substrates.substrates.

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FEATURESFEATURES
• Thin and flexibleThin and flexible : At a thickness of only 0.6 – 0.7 mm.: At a thickness of only 0.6 – 0.7 mm.
The thin battery is flexible and can be bent or twistedThe thin battery is flexible and can be bent or twisted
repeatedly at sharp angles.repeatedly at sharp angles.
• Environment-friendly and bio-friendly - Environment-friendly and bio-friendly - TheThe
materials used for Power Paper’s printed thin battery andmaterials used for Power Paper’s printed thin battery and
integration technologies are environmentally safeintegration technologies are environmentally safe
according to international standards.according to international standards.
• Fully Integratable Fully Integratable – Power Paper's disposable thin– Power Paper's disposable thin
battery's cells can be printed directly into or onto thebattery's cells can be printed directly into or onto the
end-product for seamless integration.end-product for seamless integration.
• Low-cost mass production using a conventional screen-Low-cost mass production using a conventional screen-
printing processes.printing processes.
• Proven performance -Proven performance - The cells perform well over a The cells perform well over a
wide range of temperatures and humidity levels,wide range of temperatures and humidity levels,
featuring a flat discharge curve.featuring a flat discharge curve.

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FEATURESFEATURES
• High safety features High safety features --
Power Paper's disposablePower Paper's disposable
thin battery's cells contain nothin battery's cells contain no
caustic chemicals, andcaustic chemicals, and
cannot overheat, explode, orcannot overheat, explode, or
cause burns or electricalcause burns or electrical
shock.shock.
• Flat dischargeFlat discharge
curve curve - Power Paper's- Power Paper's
disposable thin battery's cellsdisposable thin battery's cells
feature a straight and stablefeature a straight and stable
discharge curve untildischarge curve until
complete depletion of theircomplete depletion of their
capacity, enabling steadycapacity, enabling steady
performance of poweredperformance of powered

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SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION
The general specifications for Power Paper’s currentThe general specifications for Power Paper’s current
generation of batteries are as follows:generation of batteries are as follows:
• Primary cellPrimary cell :: 1.5V1.5V
• Typical thickness (total)Typical thickness (total) :: 0.7 mm0.7 mm
• Bending radiusBending radius :: 2.5cm (1 inch)2.5cm (1 inch)
• Nominal continuousNominal continuous
current densitycurrent density :: 0.1 mAh/cm0.1 mAh/cm 22
• Nominal capacityNominal capacity :: 4.54.5
mAh/cmmAh/cm22
• Nominal internal resistanceNominal internal resistance :: 50 Ohm max50 Ohm max
• Shelf life3 yearsShelf life3 years
• Temperature operating rangeTemperature operating range :: -20°C to +60°C-20°C to +60°C
• Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly :: No heavy metalNo heavy metal
componentscomponents such as Mercury,such as Mercury,
Cadmium or Cadmium or
LeadLead

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APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
• Electronic games and entertainment devicesElectronic games and entertainment devices - -
The possibilities are endless for using Power PaperThe possibilities are endless for using Power Paper
batteries in novelty items, baseball cards, greeting cardsbatteries in novelty items, baseball cards, greeting cards
and lottery tickets. Labels on just about any productand lottery tickets. Labels on just about any product
could become interactive.could become interactive.
• Disposable medical devicesDisposable medical devices - Single-use delivery - Single-use delivery
and diagnostic devices could have Power Paperand diagnostic devices could have Power Paper
incorporated into their construction to allow for sensorsincorporated into their construction to allow for sensors
and smart labels.and smart labels.
• A German healthcare company called KSW Microtech isA German healthcare company called KSW Microtech is
already using the battery to power monitoring of thealready using the battery to power monitoring of the
temperature of a blood supplies. The company has fittedtemperature of a blood supplies. The company has fitted
a small chip with thermometer to the side of each blooda small chip with thermometer to the side of each blood
bag that wirelessly transmits records of the bag'sbag that wirelessly transmits records of the bag's
temperature history to a nearby computer.temperature history to a nearby computer.

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APPLICATIONS
• Smart cards and tagsSmart cards and tags - Power Paper batteries can be - Power Paper batteries can be
laminated onto smart cards and other micro-devices andlaminated onto smart cards and other micro-devices and
replace ordinary tickets and tags. It is possible thatreplace ordinary tickets and tags. It is possible that
tickets to major sporting events could use thistickets to major sporting events could use this
technology to limit counterfeiting. And imagine a tickettechnology to limit counterfeiting. And imagine a ticket
that could not only grant you admission, but also givethat could not only grant you admission, but also give
you directions to your seat!you directions to your seat!
• The battery could also be used within health care toThe battery could also be used within health care to
power tiny medical diagnostic equipment and even drugpower tiny medical diagnostic equipment and even drug
delivery patches.delivery patches.

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REFERENCESREFERENCES
• V. L Pushparaj, S. M. Manikoth, A. Kumar, S.V. L Pushparaj, S. M. Manikoth, A. Kumar, S.
Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O.Murugesan, L. Ci, R. Vajtai, R. J. Linhardt, O.
Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan. Nalamasu, P. M. Ajayan.
"Flexible Nanocomposite Thin Film Energy Storage Devices"Flexible Nanocomposite Thin Film Energy Storage Devices
..
• Katherine Noyes. "Nanotubes Power Paper-ThinKatherine Noyes. "Nanotubes Power Paper-Thin
Battery".Battery".
• "Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of Paper“,"Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of Paper“,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
• "Paper battery offers future power". BBC News."Paper battery offers future power". BBC News.

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THANK YOU!!THANK YOU!!