role and contribution of Arabic-Muslim philosophers

1. Arabic-Muslim
Philosophers
9th
– 12th
CE
Islamic golden age
House of wisdom(Baghdad)
Renaissance
Peripatetic school
Soul
sna.syednomanali@gmail.com

2. Muslim Philosophers
 Al-Kindi
 Al-Farabi
 Al-Razi
 Avicenna
 Al-Ghazali
 Averroes
 Ibn-e khuldon

3. Al-Kindi
801-873A.D
 First self identified as an Arabic Muslim philosopher.
 Made access of Greek philosophy to Muslim world.
 Believed knowledge can attain from philosophy
 appointed in translated movement by al-Mamun rashid.
 was a physician, musicians, polymath,mathematician.
 Revealed is the best source of knowledge .
 All of reality comes from one absolute God.
 Developed mathematical scale in medicine.
 Developed method of variations in frequency of letters.
 Determined eye and object in contact with medium of
light.

4. Al-Farabi
(872-950)
 Logician, philosopher, musician, political scientist
 2nd
master after Aristotle
 He recognized as peripatetic or rationalist.
 He was jurist wrote political philosophy.
 He wrote commentaries on ideal state of Plato.
 He acclaimed God to be Absolute Being as the first
cause.
 He regarded the ideal state governed by imam.
 The virtuous society where people cooperate to gain
happiness
 Society is divided into wicked, ignorant and errant
people.

5. Avicenna
(980-1037)
The soul is distinct from the body
Marked as philosopher rather than theologian.
His writings are encyclopedia of Aristotle’s work.
He is dualist and interest in physiology
Active intellect communicate the truth.
The cannon of medicine is standard medical text.
A fact could not be true & false at the same time.
Posited brain where reason interact with sensation.

6. Al-Ghazali
(1058-1111)
 He was Muslim jurist, theologian and mystics.
 Argued falsafa is incompatible with religion.
 Incoherence of philosopher is rejection of Greek.
 Considered as mujadid reviver of Islamic age.
 Warn not accept all belief from science and
philosophy.
 God knows by essence not by knowledge.
 His politics from divine scripture
 Ethics is around the control of the soul and body.
 Rewards and punishments are spiritual not
bodily.

7. Averroes
(1126-1198)
 Born in Cordoba in Spain.
 Holding two truths, that of religion and that of
philosophy.
 His work on legal profession, appointed as judge.
 His writing the incoherence of the incoherence.
 Law speak to human in demonstration
 The truth will not contradict with truth.
 Founding father of secular thought in west.
 Wrote commentaries of pagan philosophers.
 A change in relationship is still change.

8. Ibn-Khuldon
(1332-1406)
 He was Muslim sociologist, historian, educationist.
 Become a judge ,held court in Spain (andlus)
 Critique over repetitive content in text books.
 His famous writing is “Muqaddimma”
 Provide historical criteria for necessary truth from
error.
 History was an endless cycle with no evolution.
 Philosophy of history is to civilized the society.
 He conceived a theory of social conflict.
 Attempt to reconcile theology and mysticism.
 Intellect has limit to know immaterial things.