1. Part 2
Analogy and Metaphor

2. Overview
Session 1 Session 3
English Vs Japanese Chunking
Structuring your presentation Pronunciation
Using Power Point Body Language
Session 2 Session 4
Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions
Technical Vocabulary Jokes
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3. Presenting with
Analogy and Metaphor
Y=X±Z
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4. Quick Hints #1
for controlling your state
• Clothes
• Practice
• Think of a Time You Have Done This Before
(Anchoring)
• Be Early
• Resources
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5. Today’s Session
• Review Last Week
• Example Presentation and/or Students’
Presentations
• Using Analogy and Metaphor
• Technical Vocabulary
- The difference between a presentation and a
paper
• Question Time
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6. Think of your presentation as a 5
minute chance to teach your paper
• Introduction: -Self 10-20 Seconds
-Academic 30-40 Seconds
• Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute
-Point 2 1 minute
-Point 3 1 minute
• Conclusion 1 minute
• Questions 5 minutes
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7. Describing Objects
and
Defining Concepts
• “Defining in a general sense is simply
pointing out the unique,
distinguishing properties of a
concept in a particular context”
Giving Academic Presentations
Susan M. Reinhart
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8. Metaphor is a Natural Process
Bouba and Kiki
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9. Metaphors in Science
The Cell
The word cell comes from the Latin cellula,
meaning "a small room". The descriptive term
for the smallest living biological structure was
coined by Robert Hooke in a book he
published in 1665 when he compared the cork
cells he saw through his microscope to the
small rooms monks lived in.
"... I could exceedingly plainly perceive it to be all perforated and
porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular
[..] these pores, or cells, [..] were indeed the first microscopical pores
I ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not met with any
Writer or Person, that had made any mention of them before this. . ." –
Robert Hooke describing his observations on a thin slice of cork.
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10. The Cell Metaphor
Monk’s Cell Honeycomb Cell Cork Cell
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11. This figure is from our Prentice Hall Science Explorer Cells
and Heredity, book p C.
22
11
The Cell as a City
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12. City model, cell structure, cell
function
• Construction Site: ribosome - builds new structures
• Transport Company: endoplasmic reticulum - carries
materials from place to place
• Power Plant: mitochondrion - produces power
• Food Processing Plant: chloroplast - produces food
• Waste Disposal Plant: lysosome - disposes of waste
• City Hall: nucleus - controls rest of cell
• Storage Tanks: vacuole - stores food and water
• Gate: cell wall or cell membrane - controls what enters
and leaves cell city
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13. Other Metaphors in Science
Metaphors Scientific Concept
• Flowing Water • Electricity
• Wave • Sound/light/radio
• Wall • Cell (wall/membrane)
• Highways • Blood Vessels
• Blueprint • DNA
• Police Force • Immune System
• A Peach • Layers of Earth
• Camera • Eye
• Computer • Brain
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14. Metaphor Topics
• Life
• Learning a language
• The economy
• A nuclear reaction
• Love
• Being a student
• University entrance exams
• Kyoto University
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15. Technical Vocabulary
• How is a presentation different to a paper?
– Time
– Audience
– Control
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16. Questions
This is your chance to ask specific
questions about your presentation !
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17. Part 3
Chunking It Right

18. Review Last 2 Weeks
Week 1: Back to Basics Week 2: Analogy & Metaphor
Timing it right • Think of your presentation
Break down your presentation into 4 main parts:
like a chance to teach your
– Introduction -Self 10-20 Seconds
paper.
-Academic 30-40 Seconds
• Save time by using Analogy
– Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute and Metaphor to engage
-Point 2 1 minute
-Point 3 1 minute students previous
knowledge.
– Conclusion 1 minute
Remember the story of the
– Questions 5 minutes
Cell.
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19. Technical Vocabulary
• How is a presentation different to a paper?
– Control
– Audience
– Time
• Think back to my presentation on elephants
and the ivory trade ban…
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20. Chunking It Right
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21. Examples for Chunking
• CO2 emissions from cows.
• Shakespeare’s use of the third person in
Romeo and Juliet.
• The cost of a bowl of rice at Kyoto University’s
café.
• World peace
• Making money
• Finding a life partner
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22. Overview
Session 1 Session 3
English Vs Japanese Chunking
Structuring your presentation Pronunciation
Using Power Point Body Language
Session 2 Session 4
Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions
Technical Vocabulary Jokes
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23. Chunking word
Document
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24. Body Language
The DOs and DON’Ts
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25. Body Language
DOs DON’Ts
• Eye Contact • Look down (Read)
• Emphasize • Cross your arms
• Smile ! • Touch your face
• Move around • Stand in front of the
overhead
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26. Last Years
Presentations
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27. Last Years Presentations
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28. Part 4
Jokes and Questions

29. Overview
Session 1 Session 3
English Vs Japanese Chunking
Structuring your presentation Pronunciation
Using Power Point Body Language
Session 2 Session 4
Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions
Technical Vocabulary Jokes
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30. Review Last 3 Weeks
Week 1: Back to Basics Week 2: Analogy & Metaphor
Timing it right • Think of your presentation
Break down your presentation into 4 main parts:
like a chance to teach your
– Introduction -Self 10-20 Seconds
paper.
-Academic 30-40 Seconds
• Save time by using Analogy
– Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute and Metaphor to engage
-Point 2 1 minute
-Point 3 1 minute students previous
knowledge.
– Conclusion 1 minute
Remember the story of the
– Questions 5 minutes
Cell.
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31. Review Last 3 Weeks
Week 3: Chunking it Right
It is important to use the right
amount of detail
Introduction: Big Picture
Main Body: Details
Conclusion: Big Picture
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32. Last Years
Presentations
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33. Last Years Presentations
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34. The Structure of Humor
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35. Why are Jokes Funny?
A story within a story.
The twist
Revealing the truth
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36. Questions
Questions
and more
Questions
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37. Question types
• Things you have already covered.
• Things outside your presentation.
• Questions you don’t know the answer to.
• Questions within questions.
• Questions with long answers.
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