This document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) technologies including 6LoWPAN, RPL, 6tisch, and LPWAN. It provides overviews of these technologies, including descriptions of common protocols like 6LoWPAN header compression and IPv6 Neighbor Discovery optimization. It also lists several active IETF working groups related to low-power wireless networking including their focus areas and Internet-Drafts under development.

3. IoT

4. “IoT”
M2M/IoT Sector Map, BeechamResearch
http://www.beechamresearch.com/article.aspx?id=4

5. ”IoT”
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Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
ü

6. IoT
IoT World Forum
http://www.iotwf.com/
IoT Reference Model, IoT World Forum, Sep 2014
http://cdn.iotwf.com/resources/71/IoT_Reference_Model_White_Paper_June_4_2014.pdf

7. IoT
“Smart Objects” “Resource-constrained nodes (RCN)”
“Constrained Networks” “Low-power & Lossy Networks (LLN)”

8. 6lowpan WG
•
IEEE 802.15.4
•
•
•
IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks
Internet Area
Chairs
Ø Carsten Borman, Bremen Univ.
Ø Geoff Mulligan, Consultant
RFC 4919: Problem statement, Aug-2007
RFC 4944: 6LoWPAN, Sep-2007
RFC 6282: 6LoWPAN-HC, Sep-2011
RFC 6568: Use case, Apr-2012
RFC 6606: Problem statement for routing, May-2012
RFC 6775: 6LoWPAN-ND, Nov-2012

9. What are “6LoWPAN” protocols ?
•
Ø
Ø
•
ØIPv6 Header Compression
ØIPv6 ND Optimization
ØFragmentation
ØMesh Header
IEEE802.15.4 IPv6
Ø127B frame size.
ØData Rate: 20~250Kbps
ØMaximize battery life.
Ø40B Header (Min.)
Ø1280B MTU.
ØND in multicast.
6LR
6LR
6LR
6LR
6LN
6LN 6LN 6LN
6LBR

10. IPv6 Header Compression
Best case: (48 B à 4 B)
Link-local Multicast: (48 B à 16 B)
IP Hops : (48 B à 42 B)
Full IPv6Address, Compressed UDP ports
e.g 2001:0db8:cafe:cafe:0217:3B00:1111:2222 -> 2001:0db8:beef:beef: :68
DSP
IPHC
(3 bits)
LoWPAN_IPHC
(13 bits)
LoWPAN_NHC
UDP
(1 byte)
UDP ports
(4 bits SRC, 4 bits DST)
(1 byte)
DSP
IPHC
(3 bits)
LoWPAN_IPHC
(13 bits)
Hop Limit
(1 byte)
Source
Address
(16 bytes)
Destination
Address
(16 bytes)
LoWPAN_NHC
UDP
(1 byte)
UDP ports
SRC & DST
(4 bytes)
UDP
Checksum
(2 bytes)
DSP
IPHC
(3 bits)
LoWPAN_IPHC
(13 bits)
Hop Limit
(1 byte)
Destination
Multicast Address
(6 bytes)
LoWPAN_NHC
UDP
(1 byte)
UDP ports
SRC & DST
(4 bytes)
UDP
Checksum
(2 bytes)
Link local addresses + Compressed IPv6/UDP header
e.g. FE80::0217:3B00:1111:2222 -> FE80::0217:3B00:3333:4444
Multicast Address Compression, Compressed UDP ports
e.g. FE80::0217:3B00:1111:2222 -> FFxx::00xx:xxxx:xxxx
6LoWPAN-HC
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Ø
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Dipatch Field

11. RS: SLLAO
RA: PIO+SLLAO+6CO+ABRO
NS: ARO+SLLAO
NA: ARO Response
DAR (ARO+SLLAO)
DAC (ARO+SLLAO)
6LR 6LBR
6LN
NS: ARO+SLLAO
Lifetime Expired
self-assigned LLA
default route,
prefix,
contexts,
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Optimization
6LoWPAN-ND
ü
ü
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø

12. 6lo WG
•
•
à
IPv6 over Networks of Resource-constrained Nodes
Internet Area
Chairs
Ø Samita Chakrabarti, Ericsson
Ø Gabriel Montenegro, Microsoft
RRC7388: MIB for 6LoWPAN, Oct-2014
RFC7400: 6LoWPAN-GHC, Nov-2014
RFC7428: IPv6 over ITU-T G.9959, Feb-2015
RFC7668: IPv6 over BTLE, Oct-2015
(6LoWPAN over Foo)

13. Active/Related Documents
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Ø 6LoWPAN Routing Header roll WG
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Ø IEEE 802.15.4 IE allocation
Ø
Ø
ü
Ø
Ø
Ø 6lo Address Protected ND
ü
Ø
Ø
2016 4
6lo WG

14. 6lo ETSI Plugfest @ IETF94
2015 11
IETF94
ETSI 6lo
Company Name Country
ETRI KR
Contiki US
NEC JP
NEO Reflection KR
Orange Labs FR
RIOT DE
Sandelman Software Works CA
University of Bremen TZI DE
6lo WG

15. LPWAN
ü
Ø 50 bps ~ 200 kbps
Ø 20
Ø 10
Ø ISM
New Electronics, Machina Research, Dec-2015
http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-news/mobile-industry-agrees-on-technology-standards-for-global-lpwa-market/111777/
2023 LPWA 30
2020 64
ü LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Weightless, NB-IOT, LTE-MTC
2016 4 wikipedia 14
Machina Research, Feb-2015
https://machinaresearch.com/news/with-3-billion-connections-lpwa-will-dominate-wide-area-wireless-connectivity-for-m2m-by-2023/

16. LPWAN
• Haystack, a DASH7 Mode 2 development framework for low power wireless networks by
Haystack Technologies.[3]
• LoRaWAN,[4] Long Range Wide Area Network (WAN), from the LoRa Alliance. On 16 June 2015
version 1.0 of the LoRaWAN specification was released.[5]
• NarrowBand IoT, (NB-IOT), standardization effort by 3GPP for a LPWAN used in cellular
networks,[6] that evolved from Huawei's NB-CIoT effort.[7]
• LTE Advanced for Machine Type Communications (LTE-MTC), an evolution of LTE
communications for connected things by 3GPP.[8]
• NB-Fi Protocol, from WAVIoT.[9][10]
• NWave, proprietary technology that also forms the basis of the Weightless protocols[11][12]
• RPMA, Random Phase Multiple Access, technology from Ingenu,[13] formerly known as On-Ramp
Wireless.
• Senet, public LoRaWAN provider in North America.[14]
• Symphony Link, LoRa-based platform from Link Labs.[15]
• Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.
• ThingPark Wireless, platform from Actility (based on LoRaWAN specification).[16]
• Weightless, a set of communication standards from the Weightless SIG.
• LoRa, proprietary, CSS modulation technology used for LPWAN patented by Semtech by LoRa
Alliance used by LoRaWAN and Symphony Link.[17]
• UNB, Ultra Narrow Band, modulation technology used for LPWAN by various companies including
Telensa,[18] NWave,[19] Weightless-N[20] and Sigfox.[21]
Platforms and technologies, wikipedia ( )

17. LPWAN BoF
Referred to IETF95 – LPWAN BOF, Alexander Pelov (a@ackl.io)
Pros.
ü
ü
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ü ISM
ü duty cycle
Cons.
ü
à
à
ü
à
à

18. 6tisch WG
•
•
Ø
Ø
•
IPv6 over the Time Synchronous & Channel Hoppoing mode of IEEE 802.15.4e
Internet Area
Chairs
Ø Pascal Thubert, Cisco
Ø Thomas Watteyne, Linear Tech.
RFC 7554: Problem Statement

19. ü
ü
ü
6tisch WG

20. Active/Related Documents
ü
Ø An Architecture for 6TiSCH (IESG Dead)
Ø Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration (AD Eval)
Ø 6p: 6top Protocol
Ø (6top: 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer)
Ø 6TiSCH 6top Scheduling SF0
Ø 6TiSCH secure join using 6top
ü
Ø Terminology
Ø Example Packets for 6TiSCH Configuration
Ø Asymmetrical AODV-P2P-RPL in 6TiSCH Networks
2016 4
6tisch WG

21. •
Ø
•
•
Ø
•
Ø à
Ø à
Ø
à

22. • ICMPv6 type (155): RPL Control Messages
ØDIS / DIO for MP2P
ØDAO / DAO-ACK for P2MP
ØDIO+RDO / DRO+RDO / DRO-ACK for P2P
• 2 IPv6 Extensions
Ø RPL SRH in Routing Header: transmission b/w RPL routers.
Ø RPL Option for HbH Options Header: exchaning RPL information b/w RPL routers.
• ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
Ø Code (7) Error in Source Routing Header
MP2P P2MP P2P
Host
Router
Root
Traffic
Path
DIS: DODAG Information Solicitation
DIO: DODAG Information Object
DAO: Destination Advertisement Object
DRO: Discovery Reply Object
RDO: Route Discovery Option

23. Root 0
Root 1
App 1: Sensor Data Collection
Metric: ocp1 = Best link quality (ETX)
Metric based parent selection
Metric: ocp1 = Best link quality
1 hop, ETX = 5
3 hops, ETX = 3
Constraint-based routing
e.g. avoid wireless links
à Find alternative path
App 2: backbone monitoring
Metric: ocp2 = min rank (hopcount) +
constraint-based routing5
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
3
3
2
3 3
3
3
3
3
7
wired link
wireless link
ETX value on linkn
A
B
D
C
E

24. roll WG
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•
• (IETF95)
Routing over Low power and Lossy Networks
Ø
Ø
RFC 6206: RPL, Trickle Algorithm, Mar-2011
RFC 6550: RPL, Core specification, Mar-2012
RFC 6551: RPL, Routing Metrics, Mar-2012
RFC 6552: RPL, Objective Function Zero, Mar-2012
RFC 6553: IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option for RPL, Mar-2012
RFC 6554: IPv6 Routing Header Option for RPL, Mar-2012
RFC 6719: RPL, MR-HOF, Sep-2012
RFC 6997: P2P-RPL, Reactive Discovery of P2P Routes, Aug-2013
RFC 6998: P2P-RPL, Mechanism to measure the metriccs, Aug-2013
RFC 7731: MPL: core specification, Feb-2016
RFC 7732: MPL: Forwader Policy with Admin-Local Scope, Feb-2016
RFC 7774: MPL: Parameter Configuration Option for DHCPv6
Requirements for Urban, IA, HA, BA
Applicability in HA, BA
Terminology
Security Thread Analysis

25. ü
Analysis of RPL Flow (WGLC soon)
Applicability in AMI (IESG Evaluation)
ROLL Applicability Statement Template
ü
Ø No-Path DAO Problem Statement
Ø Root initiated routing state in RPL
Ø DIS Modifications
Ø How to reduce paths for RPL in non-storing mode
ü
Ø Automatic selection of MPL forwarders to reduce message
replication
Ø Source-Routed Multicast for RPL
Ø Design of Adaptive Data Aggregation Schemes
ü
Ø A YANG model for MPL
ü
6LoWPAN Routing Header (WGLC soon)
2016 4
roll WG

26. •
•
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Ø
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TTC JJ-300.10 B ZigBee IP
JJ-300.10 Home network Communication Interface for ECHONET Lite v2.1, May-2014