4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
General Anatomy of Muscles- by Dr. Javed Iqbal
1. GENERAL ASPECTSGENERAL ASPECTS
OF MUSCLESOF MUSCLES
DEFINATION OF MUSCLESDEFINATION OF MUSCLES
It is a contractile tissue which brings aboutIt is a contractile tissue which brings about
movementmovement
It is one of the mechanical effector organ ofIt is one of the mechanical effector organ of
the bodythe body
Four important characteristics beingFour important characteristics being
excitability, contractility, extensibility andexcitability, contractility, extensibility and
elasticityelasticity
May be regarded as organs consisting ofMay be regarded as organs consisting of
muscular and connecting tissuesmuscular and connecting tissues
2. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLESCLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES
DEVELOPMEMTAL CLASSIFICATIONDEVELOPMEMTAL CLASSIFICATION
1.Ectodermal e.g sphincter and1.Ectodermal e.g sphincter and
dilator pupillaedilator pupillae
2.Endodrmal e.g myoepitheliocytes2.Endodrmal e.g myoepitheliocytes
of salivary glandsof salivary glands
3.Mesodermal e.g rest of the3.Mesodermal e.g rest of the
muscles including skeletal, smoothmuscles including skeletal, smooth
and cardiac musclesand cardiac muscles
4. SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES
NOMENCLATURENOMENCLATURE
Geometrical shape e.g rhomboid,trapezoidGeometrical shape e.g rhomboid,trapezoid
Number of heads of origin e.g bicepsNumber of heads of origin e.g biceps
Location e.g temporalis,supraspinatousLocation e.g temporalis,supraspinatous
Structural appearance e.g semitendinosusStructural appearance e.g semitendinosus
Attachments e.g stylohoidAttachments e.g stylohoid
Functions e.g adductor longusFunctions e.g adductor longus
Direction of fibres e.g rectus, transversusDirection of fibres e.g rectus, transversus
Size e.g minimus, maximusSize e.g minimus, maximus
Position e.g palmar, superficialisPosition e.g palmar, superficialis
5. ORGANIZATION OF SKELETALORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL
MUSCLESMUSCLES
TWO ENDSTWO ENDS
ORIGIN, INSERTIONORIGIN, INSERTION
TWO PARTSTWO PARTS
FLESHY : BellyFLESHY : Belly
FIBROUS : Tendons, AponeurosisFIBROUS : Tendons, Aponeurosis
6. STRUCTURE OF A SKELETALSTRUCTURE OF A SKELETAL
MUSCLEMUSCLE
CONTRACTILE TISSUECONTRACTILE TISSUE
Fibres,FibrilsFibres,Fibrils
SUPPORTING TISSUESUPPORTING TISSUE
Endomysium, Perimysium,Endomysium, Perimysium,
EpimysiumEpimysium
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11. MODES OF ATTACHMENTSMODES OF ATTACHMENTS
OF SKELETAL MUSCLESOF SKELETAL MUSCLES
CartilagesCartilages
• Inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx from thyroidInferior constrictor muscles of pharynx from thyroid
cartilage of larynxcartilage of larynx
FasciaFascia
• Platysma muscle of neck from fascia covering pectoralisPlatysma muscle of neck from fascia covering pectoralis
major and deltoidmajor and deltoid
TendonsTendons
• Lumbricals of hand and foot from long flexor muscles ofLumbricals of hand and foot from long flexor muscles of
digitsdigits
LigamentsLigaments
• Trapezius from ligamentum nuchae and supraspinousTrapezius from ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous
ligamentsligaments
16. REGIONAL CLASSIFICATIONREGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECKMUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK
MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN, THORAXMUSCLES OF ABDOMEN, THORAX
AND PELVISAND PELVIS
MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMBMUSCLES OF UPPER LIMB
MUSCLES OF LOWER LIMBMUSCLES OF LOWER LIMB
17. COLOR AND CONTRACTIONCOLOR AND CONTRACTION
RED MUSCLESRED MUSCLES
WHITE MUSCLESWHITE MUSCLES
INTERMEDIATE TYPEINTERMEDIATE TYPE
20. NERVE SUPPLY OF SKELETALNERVE SUPPLY OF SKELETAL
MUSCLESMUSCLES
MOTOR FIBRESMOTOR FIBRES
SENSORY FIBRESSENSORY FIBRES
MUSCLE SPINDLESMUSCLE SPINDLES
MOTOR POINTMOTOR POINT
MOTOR UNITMOTOR UNIT
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25. CLINICAL ASPECTS OFCLINICAL ASPECTS OF
MUSCLESMUSCLES
PARALYSISPARALYSIS
MUSCULAR STRAIN AND SPASMMUSCULAR STRAIN AND SPASM
ATROPHY AND HYPERETROPHYATROPHY AND HYPERETROPHY
REGENERATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLEREGENERATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
MYSTHENIA GRAVISMYSTHENIA GRAVIS
POLYMYOSITISPOLYMYOSITIS
ANGINA PECTORISANGINA PECTORIS
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIAMYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA