Survey of WML

Mobile Website Development
Survey of WML
Facilitated by:
Michael Wakahe
Tawi Commercial
Services Ltd
Jul 2011

Table of Contents
 Introduction
 Hello World
 Introducing JSP
 Exercises
Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.

Introduction
Reserved.

Introduction
Reserved.
The
WAP
Stack

Introduction
 WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol) & WDP
(Wireless Datagram Protocol) provide low-level glue
between the upper levels and the really low-level
communications.
 WTLS (Wireless Transaction Layer Security) provides
security services (encryption and authentication).
Reserved.

Introduction
 These protocols aren't relevant to normal
application programmers
 The second highest level in the stack is the high-
level communications protocol, called WSP
(Wireless Session Protocol).
 Provides a complete replacement for HTTP
Reserved.

Introduction
 The highest stack level is WAE (Wireless
Application Environment)
 This is the part that the user actually sees &
interacts
 The WAE aims to provide a World Wide Web-like
model for writing applications
Reserved.

Introduction
 The WAE incorporates several key features of the
Web that we are familiar with, e.g. URLs & MIME
content types (such as text/html and image/gif)
 Additionally it provides similar replacements for
other features: HTML is replaced with WML
(Wireless Markup Language) & JavaScript is replaced
with WMLScript
Reserved.

Introduction
 Almost all WAP applications can be written
without using anything outside of these two
languages and WBMP (Wireless Bitmap: the WAP
image format)
Reserved.

Introduction
Reserved.
The WAP Chain of Processing

Hello World
Reserved.

Hello World
 We will use Eclipse to compose our WML and deploy
in the Tomcat ROOT folder
Reserved.

Hello World
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC
"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card title="First WML Example">
Hello, World!
</card>
</wml>
Reserved.

Hello World
 Note that all tag names are in lowercase
 In WML, tag names are case-sensitive
 A file of WML represents a deck of cards
 This is the reason for the <card> tag
Reserved.

Hello World
 Each individual card does behaves very much like an
HTML page
 So you can think of a WML deck as being similar to a
number of HTML pages all grouped together
Reserved.

Hello World
 Cards in a deck are all downloaded at the same time
 So the user has to wait only once & the others can be
accessed almost instantly
 Cramming too many cards into a single deck is bad
practice
 Ideally maximum of 5 to 6 cards per deck
Reserved.

WML
Structure
Explained
Reserved.

WML Structure Explained
Valid child tags of <wml> are:
 <head>: Defines document metadata and access
control using the <meta> and <access> tags. Zero or
one <head> tags are allowed in a document.
 <card>: Defines a card to display in the browser. One
or more <head> tags are allowed in a document.
Reserved.

 <template>: Defines global event handlers and
commands for the deck. Zero or one <template> tags
are allowed in a document.
Reserved.

Valid child tags of <card> are:
 : Contains text, images, and links. Most user-
accessible and visible content in a WML card is child
content of this tag. Zero or more tags are
allowed in a card.
 <pre>: Contains preformatted text. Zero or more
<pre> tags are allowed in a card.
Reserved.

 <do>: Contains commands and actions. Zero or more
<do> tags are allowed in a card.
 <timer>: Activates time-based events. Zero or one
<timer> tags are allowed in a card.
 <onevent>: Specifies tasks based on different card-
level events. Zero or more <onevent> tags are
allowed in a card.
Reserved.

Comments:


Reserved.

 Other topics in WML include: Special Characters,
Header & Metadata, Text Formatting, Links, Images,
Tables, Timers, Variables, User Input, WMLScript
 Browse to http://learnthemobileweb.com/books
for links to WML references and helpful
documentation
Reserved.

Introducing
JSP
Reserved.

Introducing JSP
 WML can be mixed with JSP and Servlets
 Save the following example as a .jsp not as a .wml
 Deploy to servlet container (Tomcat)
Reserved.

Introducing JSP
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<%
response.setContentType("text/vnd.wap.wml;charset=UTF-8");
int num1 = 9;
int num2 = 12;
%>
<wml>
<card title="First WML Example">
My name is <% out.println("Michael"); %>
The sum of num1 and num2 is <%= (num1+num2) %>
</card>
</wml>
Reserved.

Exercises
Reserved.

Exercises
Spot the errors in the following sample:
<wml>
<card ID=start title='Example of Invalid WML'>
This markup is invalid.
</card>
</wml>
Reserved.

Exercises
The WML code sample above has the following syntax
errors:
 XML declaration is missing.
 DOCTYPE declaration is missing.
 ID attribute of <card> tag is uppercase. (Well-formed
WML requires lowercase tags.)
Reserved.

Exercises
 Value of the id attribute of the <card> is not
delimited.
 Value of the title attribute of the <card> tag is
delimited with single quotes.
 tag is uppercase. (Well-formed WML requires
lowercase tags.)
 tag has an open tag but not matching close tag.
Reserved.

Exercises
Correct version is as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML
1.3//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd">
<wml>
<card id="start" title="Example of Valid WML">
This markup is valid.
</card>
</wml>
Reserved.

Exercises
 Write a WML file that shows the first 7 digits of the
Fibonacci Series. Can use JSP and/or servlets.
Reserved.

The End
Michael Wakahe
michael@tawi.mobi
+254 (0) 20 239 3052
www.tawi.mobi
Reserved.

Survey of WML

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Survey of WML

Similar to Survey of WML (20)

More from tawi123

More from tawi123 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Survey of WML