This document summarizes the key ideas of several theorists who have studied representation, including David Chandler, Richard Dyer, Henry Jenkins, Anthony Giddens, Roland Barthes, George Gerbner, Jean Baudrillard, and Laura Mulvey. It outlines some of their central arguments, such as Dyer's view that representation determines how groups are treated and seen, Jenkins' belief in cultural convergence empowering consumers, and Mulvey's male gaze theory which argues that media often objectifies women from a male perspective.

1. THEORIST
By Taylor Cockley

2. DAVID CHANDLER
 Representation always involves the construction of reality.
 The term refers to the processes involved as well as to its
products. For instance, in relation to the key markers of
identity - Class, Age, Gender and Ethnicity - representation
involves not only how identities are represented within the text
but also how they are constructed in the processes of
production and reception by people whose identities are also
marked differently.

3. RICHARD DYER
 'how we are seen determines how we are treated,
how we treat others is based on how we see them,
how we see them comes from representation‘
 This means that your only experience of the group
being represented might be the media text that the
representation is in. Therefore when you see them
in reality you will have a opinion about them even
though you may have never met or spoke to them.

4. HENRY JENKINS
 He believed in cultural convergence, meaning when
consumers are empowered to edit, annotate and
create content for example social networking sites.
 This therefore allowed real people to show how
they really are and not how they are represented in
the media.

5. ANTHONY GIDDENS
 He believes ideology refers to the influence of ideas
on peoples beliefs and actions.
 He talks about identity being a conscious activity.
He says how traditionally we have found our self in
clearly defined roles based on age, gender,
sexuality. Nowadays we have to work this out for
ourselves

6. ROLAND BARTHES
 He argues that representations are mythic in the
sense that they have an appearance of natural.
Representations can be founded on reality or
indeed a reality that does not exist.

7. GEORGE GERBNER
 He started the Cultivation Theory
 This theory helps understand the importance of
media. 'Drip drip' but slowing down from an
immediate effect to a slower more accumulative
effect. Cultivation theorists argue that media has
long term effects which a gradual.

8. JEAN BAUDRILLARD
 He is known for his concept of Hyper Reality which
when something is real however is based on
something which is not.
 Division between ‘real’ and simulation has
collapsed therefore an illusion of an object is no
longer possible because the real object is no longer
there.

9. LAURA MULVEY
 Male gaze theory- the media is made by men for
men to consume
 The theory of the male gaze denies women human
identity, relegating them to the status of objects to
be admired for physical appearance.
 The theory also suggest that women can more
often than not watch a film from a secondary
perspective and only view themselves from a mans
perspective.