A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place. Some typical tenses are present, past, and future. Tense can make finer distinctions than simple past-present-future; past tenses for example can cover general past, immediate past, or distant past, with the only difference between them being the distance on the timeline between the temporal reference points. Such distinctions are not precise: an event may be described in the remote past because it feels remote to the speaker, not because a set number of days have passed since it happened; it may also be remote because it is being contrasted with another, more recent, past event. This is similar to other forms of deixis such as this and that. In absolute tense, as in English, tense indicates when the time of assertion, time of completion, or time of evaluation occurs relative to the utterance itself (time of utterance). In relative tense, on the other hand, tense is relative to some given event. The number of tenses in a language may be disputed, because the term tense is often used to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood. In many texts the term "tense" may erroneously indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, or whether information derives from experience or hearsay (evidentiality). Tense differs from aspect, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than when. In many languages, there are grammatical forms which express several of these meanings (see tense–aspect–mood). In languages which have tenses, they are normally usually indicated by a verb or modal verb. Some languages only have grammatical expression of time through aspect; others have neither tense nor aspect. Some East Asian isolating languages such as Chinese express time with temporal adverbs, but these are not required, and the verbs are not inflected for tense. In Slavic languages such as Russian a verb may be inflected for both tense and aspect together.

1. 12 Tenses of English grammar

5. Present continues tense
Present continues tense used for an action which is Happening at the time
of Speaking.
Form: subject + is am are+ verb + Ing.
EX: David is working ministry of youth and sport
EX: he is helping needy persons
NOTE: some verbs are not usually found in present continuous tense these
Perception and they are: love, believe, forget, break, understand, prefer,
Hate, like, see, and etc.
Ex: we understand our lessons {not, we are understanding}
Ex: he hates you {not, he is hating you}

6. Simple present tense
Simple present tense used For an action which happens Every year, every
month, every week, every day, every time and etc.
Ex: I make revision every Friday
Ex: they pass me here every Friday
Ex: we like English examination
Ex: she makes me happy
Ex: she comes from America
Interrogative from
Ex: Do I make revision every Friday
Negative from
Ex: I don’t make revision every Friday

7. Simple future tense
Simple future tense used to express an action which will take place at some
time in the Future or what will expect to Happen future time..
Note: first personal pronouns I and we are used shall but in Modern system
they are used When they are only interrogative form.
Ex: I will come home sonly.
Ex: Shall I come home sonly?
Ex: I will not come home sonly
Ex: I shall visit you next Friday also we can say I will visit you next Friday
Ex: we shall listen amusing discussion
Ex: they will get new letter from London
Ex: the media will interview the president as well as his adviser
Ex: the government will deport all militant groups
Ex: you will confuse the final exam

8. Simple past tense
Simple past tense used to denote an action which happened at some time in
the Past or for state of being past.
form: subject + verbpast + object
Ex: She graduated comb ridge university last year
Ex: he invited me twice last week
Ex: He is the young boy who broke the window last night
Ex: I met her last year
Ex: He spent all his time strolling
Ex: they became the highest two ones
Ex: you understood the lesson but you didn’t read
Ex: I determined to join high school

9. Past continues tense
we use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as
completed in the past.
form: subject + was/were + verb + ing
Ex: while I was driving home, peter was trying desperately to contact me.
Ex: were you expecting any visitors?
Ex: I was just making some coffee
Ex: I was thinking about him last night
Ex: in the 1990 few people were using mobile phones.
Ex: they were speaking her when he arrived by train
Ex: she was taking too loudly when the principal
Ex: I was dreaming when my mum was calling me
Ex: I was crossing the road when some one called by my name

10. Present perfect tense
Present perfect tense Is used to express an action which began at some time in
the past and has been completed in the past but which is connected at present
time.
form: subject + has/have + verb past participle
Please note that British and American English have different rules for the use of
this tense. The explanation and exercises here refer to British English. In
American English, it is often acceptable to use the past simple in some of these
examples.
NOTE: it is also used an action which recently has been completed
We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the
past. We can use it to look back on the recent past.
Ex: I’ve broken my watch so I don’t know what time it is.
Ex: David has just succeeded the president election

11. Present perfect continues Tense
Present perfect continues tense Is used to denote an action which started at
some time in the past and still continuing.
form: subject + has been/have been + verb + ing
NOTE: this tense is used to talk about an action or actions that started in the
past and continued until recently or that continue into the future.
Ex: she has been dancing the theatre all the day
Ex: he has been writing the lesson for the last three years
Ex: I have been learning Spanish for 20 years and I still don’t know very much
Ex: I have been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn’t arraved
Ex: he has been telling me about it for days. I wish he would stop.

12. Past perfect tense
It is used two events in the past we use past perfect for the event completed
earlier and simple past for the letter.
form: subject + had + verb + part participle
Ex: she broke the window, I want to kill her, May be that she broke the
window at 8p.m then you went to kill after words when we compare these two
statement we will use past perfect tense For the event completed first and
simple past for then letter event.
Ex: we returned to London when we had finished our journey
Ex: they bought new television when they had taken money from the bank
Ex: the prime minister had lectured then sat down

13. Past perfect continues Tense
We use the past perfect continues tense to look back at a situation in progress.
form: subject+had+been+verb+ing
Ex: it was a good time to invest. Inflation had been falling for several months.
Before I changed jobs. I had been working on a plan to reduce production
Costs we had been thinking About buying a new house
But then we decided to stay Here. We use it to say what Had been happening
before Some thing else happened. It had been snowing for a while before we
left.We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining.
He was out of breath when arrived because he had been running.
NOTE: We use it when reporting things said in the past
Ex: she said she had been trying to call me all day
Ex: they said they had been shopping
Ex: I told you I had been looking for some new clothes

14. Future continues Tense
This tense is used for an action progress at some time in the future.
form: subject+will/shall+be+verb+ing
Ex: they will be taking their high examination this year
Ex: we shall be leaving few days after
Ex: he will be playing the film match tomorrow
Ex: his father is not well. He will be going to his home town soon
Ex: he has got job. As a teacher he will be joining on Monday

15. Future perfect tense
NOTE: Future perfect tense is Used for an action which is expected to Be
completed by certain point in the Future time. The future perfect tense is used to
refer
To a non-continuous Action which will be completed by a certain time in the
future.
form: subject+will/shall+have+verb+pastparticiple
Ex: by December 2008 we will have written another book of English grammar
Ex: when she comes back I shall have built This house.
Ex: by the next year I shall have married my sweetheart
Ex: the show will have started when you go home
Ex: she will have sent money before she comes London
Ex: We shall have finished our work by the time you come to me

16. Conditional sentence
NOTE: Conditional sentence has two parts { If-clause, main clause }
Ex: If you come on time she will talk to you
If-clause main clause
NOTE: there three different kinds of conditional sentences in English
grammar and they are:
1: possible condition or likely condition
2: Unlikely or imaginary condition
3: Impossible conditional

17. The passive voice
Passive tense seems to be one of English grammar branches which is an
important for the second language learners have difficult in the aim of passive
voice.
1: when the sentence begins with doer of the action we say it is active voice
2: but when the sentence begins with receiver of the action we say it is passive
voice look at the following sentence.
Ex: English is learn
Ex: new library will be opened
Ex: two men were killed in the accident
NOTE: transitive verb can only changed into

18. 1: present continuous tense
2: simple present tense
3: simple future tense
4: simple past tense
5: past continuous tense
6: present perfect tense
7: present perfect continuous tense
8: past perfect tense
9: past perfect continuous tense
10: future continuous tense
11: future perfect tense