Ksr swedakarma-tpt-1

Criteria and Methods of Sweda Karma
Criteria and Methods
of Sweda Karmaof Sweda Karma
Dr KSR PrasadDr KSR Prasad
On 12-12-2016@CME on Panchakarma at
SV Ayurveda College TirupathiSV Ayurveda College, Tirupathi
1
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/

Learning Objectivities
C it i f l ti f it bl• Criteria for selection of suitable
sweda karma in various diseases
• Enumeration of the most beneficial• Enumeration of the most beneficial
sweda karma
• Standard operational procedure of• Standard operational procedure of
sweda karma
• Modified sweda karma vis‐à‐vis• Modified sweda karma vis‐à‐vis
classical methods
• Pinda sweda varieties withPinda sweda varieties with
indications and rationality

I d i
Introduction
i i d fi d “ h f h• Sweating is defined as “The process of the
sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid”
or simply “Being wet with perspiration”
• How a physiological process is brought p y g p g
forward as “therapeutic” in Ayurveda long
long ago is a big questiong g g q
• Ayurveda a traditional health system of Indian
continent brought many minute observationscontinent brought many minute observations
of common processes with therapeutic values

M l Ni h
Mala Nirharana
• Sweda karma – a process of methodical and
regulative sweating process with the aid of direct
or indirect heat that generates the sweat to
eliminate the bio‐waste materials from the body y
• As the sweating is removing the “Mala” (waste)
from the body and protective natured it may notfrom the body and protective natured, it may not
be termed as putative (Shodhana) but certainly a
factor to influence the elimination process infactor to influence the elimination process in
purification methods of Panchakarma

Sh dh P h k
Shodhana Panchakarma
• The shodhana Panchakarma are mainly four
(Charaka) and became five along with ( ) g
Raktamokshana and adopted Agnikarma also.
• The shodhana Panchakarma are capable of• The shodhana Panchakarma are capable of
eliminating the Dosha from Koshta only
• The Koshta is mainly Gastrointestinal Tract and
its attachments like – Liver, Pancreas, Kidney,its attachments like Liver, Pancreas, Kidney,
Heart, Lungs, etc.

N l Sh dh
No place as Shodhana
S d i l f h “ k ” b• Swedana is only one of the “Upakrama” but not
has its place as “Shodhana’
• It clearly states that the shodhana purva karma
and upakrama are different
• It is to understand that the Upakrama is Shamana
and the Shodhana purva Swedana is adjunct to
shodhana
• Thus we derive three terms – Purva Karma
Swedana, Upakrama (Shamana) Swedana and
Paschat Karma Swedana

S i
Sweat is …
i h b f h h i• Either because of weather or any heating
mechanism like steam or due to exercise or
fever even the body temperature is raised
and sweat is released through ducts of skin.
• It moistens the surface of body and cools the
individual down as it evaporates.p
• Sweat is made mostly of water, but about 1
percent of sweat is a combination of saltspercent of sweat is a combination of salts
and fat.

C i i f l i
Criteria for selection
• The Salt and Fat of the body are regulated
through temperature to sweat
• The criteria of selection of different sweda
mentioned in texts or adaptations and newmentioned in texts or adaptations and new
trends and developments is not a simple task
A di th d f i ti f th ti t• Ayurvedic method of examination of the patient
and the Dosha‐Dushya randomization and its
i l i i i l d i f himpact analysis is essential to determine for the
selection of Swedana method for better results

F i f S d l i
Functions of Swedana vs selection
M i f ti f S d k• Main functions of Sweda karma are –
– Sthambhagna – stiffness is removed
• Commonly cramps muscle stiffness are observed in Vata• Commonly – cramps, muscle stiffness are observed in Vata
vyadhi viz. Grudhrasi, Manyasthambha, etc.
– Gouravahara – heaviness is removed
• Heaviness is a symptom of Kapha in diseases like – obesity
(sthoulya), circulatory collapse, pakshaghata, etc.
– Sheetaghna – coldness is removedSheetaghna coldness is removed
• All cold intolerance diseases viz. Hypothyroidism,
Hypopitutarism, Rynaud’s Phenomenon, SLE, etc.
S d i d t i ti– Swedana – inducts perspiration
• All the people of Hypohydrosis viz. Diabetes, Alcoholism,
Kampavata, Amyloidosis, etc.

S l i
Salt retention
• In salt retention diseases, edema occurs
primarily because of the body's retention of p y y
too much salt (sodium chloride).
• The excess salt causes the body to retain• The excess salt causes the body to retain
water, which then leaks into the interstitial
htissue spaces, where it appears as edema.
• Few medications also can cause pittingFew medications also can cause pitting
edema.

F i
Fat retention
k f h i l i i d d h id• Lack of physical activity or decreased thyroid
activity, increased production of the adrenal
h ti l d i t t th hhormone cortisol, and resistance to the hormone
insulin can be causes of abnormal weight gain or
fat depositionsfat depositions
– First system is Endo‐cannabinoid system that stores
fat to use as reserve energyfat to use as reserve energy
– The second system involves the enzyme AMP kinase
normally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releasesnormally mobilizes the fat to be burned and releases
the stored energy. Inactivity of AMP kinase results in
to fat depositions.

Diff f f E i i
Different factors of Examination
• Examine a patient thoroughly for –
– the Sweda indications told in Samhita
– Hot intolerance causes (contra indications)
• Anxiety• Anxiety
• Hyperthyroidism
• Menopause• Menopause
• Multiple sclerosis
• Cancer• Cancer
• Peripheral /Autonomous neuropathy

Enumeration of the
Most beneficial sweda karma

S d V i i
Swedana Varieties
S h t I id th l t t i tifi• Sushruta, I consider the latest scientific
compendium of Ayurveda classify Swedana as –
Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through any– Taapa sweda: The heat is transmitted through any
material – cloth, metallic vessels, hands, etc.
– Ushma sweda – (bhaspa) It is done with water steam ( p )
either through a nozzle or in a vessel
– Upanaha sweda – material applied (lepa) or tied over
surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda)surface (Bandhana) or material tied in to pottali (pinda)
for sudation
– Drava sweda –liquids are used here for submergingDrava sweda liquids are used here for submerging
(Avagaha) or pouring (parisheka) or showering
(Varshulika)

i b d
Enumeration based on Temperature
T d (28 32 d ) D li– Taapa sweda: (28‐32 degrees) Delicate,
soft skinned people or people required
low to medium temperature constantlylow to medium temperature constantly
for longer duration or for the Rasa, Rakta
diseasesdiseases
– Upanaha sweda – (32‐36 degrees) –
when ever “Utsedha” or swellings arewhen ever Utsedha or swellings are
observed Bnadhana, muscle diseases
(pseudo muscular atrophy), paralysis, etc (p p y), p y ,
where medium duration or for the
Mamsa & tendon diseases

i b d
Enumeration based on Temperature
D d (36 40 d ) i i– Drava sweda – (36‐40 degrees) it is
commonly used for the skeletal
diseases spinal diseases IVDPdiseases, spinal diseases, IVDP,
Ankylosis, Arthritis, etc. especially for
Asthi dhatugata vyadhiAsthi dhatugata vyadhi
– Ushma sweda: (40‐46degrees) common
comfortable method of steaming (wet)comfortable method of steaming (wet)
or hot wind (dry heat) in either open
(nadi) or closed (box) methods with ( ) ( )
duration regulations for all dhatugata
diseases

Whi h i b fi i l?
Which is beneficial?
• The benefits are cumulated with –
– Space maintenance p
– Material economy
Manpower requirement– Manpower requirement
– Cost effectiveness
– Season suitability
– Person suitability y
– Disease suitability

SOP of sweda karma ‐Patient
• Check vitals – BP, Pulse, Weight, Height, BMI
• Note any cardiac or skin problems are there• Note any cardiac or skin problems are there
• Enquire for the psychological interventions or
h biphobia
• Check the condition of patients for the
selection of type of swedana
• According to the dhatu involvement orAccording to the dhatu involvement or
availability the schedule can be fixed

SOP f d k
SOP of sweda karma
d d l• Record BP and Pulse
• Check whether Abhyanga is done or not
• Note whether the swedana is for Local or Full
body y
• Check the medicine & material for the type of
swedana required – each SOP differsswedana required each SOP differs
• Steam for the required time or till the forehead
sweating is recordedsweating is recorded
• Record BP and Pulse

Modified Sweda karma vis à vis
Modified Sweda karma vis‐à‐vis
classical methods
• Standard sweda karma are done by closed or
open methodopen method
• Modifications are done according to the situation
i d das it demands
– Use of Infra Red Lamp directly
– Infra Red lamp on Kativasti / Januvasti, etc
– Hot air blowers
– Heat eliminating reflectors
– Heat transmitting colour plates (Chromato therapy)

Pinda sweda varieties with
Pinda sweda varieties with
indications and rationality y
 Pinda /Pottali is a pack of materials according top g
the condition to transmit the heat initially and
therapeutic values embedded in ittherapeutic values embedded in it
GUNANUSARA – Snigdha, Rooksha, Snigha Rooksha.
STHANA BEDHA – Ekanga, Sarvanga.
PRAYOGA BEDHA Mridhu Madhyama MahaanPRAYOGA BEDHA – Mridhu, Madhyama, Mahaan
DRAVYA BHEDA – Valuka, Churns, Shastikashali, etc.

Pinda sweda Application
• Preparation of Pinda
• Application procedure

G S d
Gunanusara Sweda
 Snigdha sweda :- Tila, Masha, Shali, Mamsa rasa, and
Amlavarga dravya.
Used in Vatavyadhi, Vatapradhana Roga.
Eg :- Patra Pinda Sweda Shashtika Shali Pinda SwedaEg. :- Patra Pinda Sweda, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda
 Ruksha sweda:- Purisha of cow, horse, donkey, sand
Used in Amadosha, Urustambha, Medoroga, Granthi,
Kaphaja vikara & Sashotha shoola.
Eg. :- Valuka Sweda

P Pi d S d
Patra Pinda Sweda
500 L l t d di t th diti• 500gm Leaves selected according to the condition -
Shigru, Arka, Dhattura, Chincha, Eranda, Nirgundi
Patra –
• 25gm of Prakshepa with - Shatapushpa, Devadaru,
Rasna etc.
• 10gm Saindhava lavana (especially in Vata or
Vatakapha vyadhi)
• 50 l f V t h T il K tt h kk di t il• 50ml of Vatahara Taila – Kottamchukkadi taila,
Karpura tailam, Dhanvantaram tailam, etc.
– Lemon – (Amlavarga) – Good to add in Vata vyadhiLemon (Amlavarga) Good to add in Vata vyadhi
– 100gm wet Coconut grinded – commonly used in Kerala to
induce unction

F S ifi P Pi d d
Few Specific Patra Pinda sweda
• PPS is a Snigdha rooksha type of sweda used
in ‐ Rheumatoid arthritis, Pakshaghatag
Osteoarthritis, Myalgia, Neuralgia, Lumbago,
Paresthesia etcParesthesia etc.
– Eranda patra Pinda sweda In Mootrakrichra
d h h d d b h k– Eranda chincha patra Pinda sweda in Avabahuka

Sh ik Sh li Pi d S d
Shastika Shali Pinda Sweda
di i• Indications
– Balavata (Poliomyelitis)
– Pakshaghata (Paralysis) / post polio residual paralysis
– Vatashonita
– Shosha (Emaciation)
– Vata roga associated with dhatukshaya (Neurological)
– Mamsa sosha, peripherial neuritis etc. and other
conditions which result in to atrophy of muscles.
– Spasticity, reduced mobility, rigidity, low backache,
sciatica, scoliosis, kyphosis, arthritis, etc

SSPS d d h d
SSPS – standard method
 12 pala (600gm) - Bala
 3 Aadaka (8 litres) Water
 3 Prastha (2 litres) Decoction bala
 1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cow’s milk 1½ Prastha (1 litre) Cow s milk
½ Prastha (500gm) Shashtika shali
This makes 100gms each 5 pottali that can run by the 4
therapist at once
If minimum number of therapist (2) are working 250-300 gms
of shashtika Shali can be use to make 3 pottali

SSPS
SSPS
• There seems to have been about a hundred
varieties of rice but only about 20 types are said
to be existing. Njavara is one of the 20.
• Njavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called asNjavara is a traditional Keralian Rice called as
“Gold With Fragrance” , commonly red rice
reaped within 60 days needed longer time toreaped within 60 days needed longer time to
cook (38 min)
l k l d j h b d i d• Black glumed Njavara has been used in Ayurveda
treatment from the age of Charaka‐ie, BC.600.

SSPS
SSPS
D h k d Nj i i t d f 73%• Dehusked Njavara rice consisted of 73%
carbohydrates, 9.5% protein, 2.5% fat, 1.4% ash
and 1628 kJ per 100 g of energyand 1628 kJ per 100 g of energy
• The Njavara has more carbohydrate (non‐starch
polysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy inpolysaccharides) that makes the bolus slimy in
nature
• Research CFTRI states that ‐ 16.5% higherResearch CFTRI states that 16.5% higher
protein, Thiamine (27–32%), Riboflavin (4–25%)
,Niacin (2–36%) Dietary fibre 34–44%
• G. Deepa et al., Nutrient composition and physicochemical
properties of Indian medicinal rice – Njavara, Food
Chemistry 106 (2008) 165–171

V i i f Pi d
Variations of Pinda
b i d d• Jambeera Pinda Sweda
• Kukkutanda sweda
– Basically Mamsarasa, Amlavarga,
Lavanavarga, Vatahara Sneha (taila), g , ( ),
Doshahara dravya, Vyadhihara dravya
are the ingredients
– Any ingredients of Dosha – Vyadhi
based are used for transmitting the heat
– Easily available – sand, husk, wood,
stone, etc materials are good

T d
Tapa sweda
• Pansa patra tapa sweda
• Arka patra tapa swedaArka patra tapa sweda
– Most of the time these tapa sweda are used for
local heat transmittinglocal heat transmitting
– It relives local stiffness and pain
– The leaves used are usually thick to retain heat
and transmit

C l i
Conclusion
S d i l i h i di id l• Swedana is only sweating the individual
• The purpose is –
– To bring the dosha from shakha to koshta
(purvakarma)
– To relieve the stiffness (Shanama karma)
• The components involved are –
– Heating elements, Heat transmitters, Heat conversion,
Heat transportation, Heat elimination in the system
– Heat resistance and tolerances are also to be
considered

h k
Thank You

Ksr swedakarma-tpt-1

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