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Similar to Cross Cultural Training For EFL Teachers Working In South Korea
Similar to Cross Cultural Training For EFL Teachers Working In South Korea (20)
Cross Cultural Training For EFL Teachers Working In South Korea
- 1. Cross-Cultural Training for EFL Teachers GAIA EDUCATION Global Consulting Group WORKING IN SOUTH KOREA
- 3. Training Outline APPLICATION IN THE CLASSROOM Group-Oriented Spatial Relationships Body Motion Touching High Context Communication ( Non-Verbal ) Indirect Communication ( Verbal ) Hierarchical Korean Culture
- 6. Korean Language I want a book I did my homework (SVN) My favorite Korean band is FT Island. They’re really talented. In addition to singing well, they’re also really cute! I want _ book I homework did (SNV) They’re really talented. In addition to singing well, they’re also really cute! My favorite Korean band is FT Island . USE OF ARTICLES (the, an, a) SENTENCE STRUCTURE (Noun, Subject, Verb) ESSAY STRUCTURE English Korean
- 7. Korean Language, con’t No, I did my homework No, I want your help Yes, I have a pencil No, I could hear you Yes, I understand QUESTION/ANSWER STRUCTURE Did you not do your homework? Don’t you want my help? Do you have a pencil? Couldn’t you hear me? Do you understand? Teacher Student
- 9. Cultural Dimension: SOCIAL ORGANIZATION STATUS Friend-to-Friend Subject Parent Elderly Ruler Husband Wife Young Child Korean Culture: HIERARCHICAL
- 10. Cultural Dimension: SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, con’t Parent Husband Wife Child Ruler Subject Elderly Young American Culture: EGALITARIAN
- 14. Cultural Dimension: VERBAL COMMUNICATION Korean Culture: Indirect Communication American Culture: Direct Communication
- 17. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Nonverbal Communication Body Motion Facial expressions, eye contact, posture Touching Behavior Body contact, hitting, greeting Spatial Relationships
- 18. Spatial Relationships Koreans (Same Sex) Koreans (Opposite Sex) Americans
Editor's Notes
- T: English as a Foreign Language (general term used for learning English in home country); ESOL-English for Speakers of other Languages (English in host country)
- T
- T Within the framework of teacher-student relationships in the classroom, we’ll be discussing four main aspects of Korean culture: hierarchical social structures, group-orientation, indirect and high context communication. To give you a point of reference each of these dimensions will be discussed in comparison with American culture. Furthermore, due to its importance in Korean culture, we’ll be discussing the high context nature of communication in Korea further in depth. Three categories of non-verbal communication which we’ll cover today are body motion, touching and spatial relationships.
- Explain more clearly
- H View of Education High Value Placed on Education After-school classes and private academies to supplement school and boost academic performance It is not abnormal for many students to arrive home from school at midnight. The curriculum is rigorous, and many students attend private academies called hagwons. 97% of South Korea's young adults do complete high school Really competitive; entrance exams really difficult Because of the importance of the university entrance examination in determining one's career prospects, students are under intense pressure to study long hours. The high school years, especially, are a time when students have little chance to do much except study. The Korean saying "Sleep five hours and fail, sleep four hours and pass" is taken seriously; for three years students typically begin school at 6 a.m. and finish at midnight; some students finish at 10 p.m. and go to hagwons until midnight or 1 a.m. Students can forgo the 10 p.m. to midnight classes and self-study sessions but only with permission from both their parents and their homeroom teacher, and few bother to ask. The schedule lasts seven days a week and is rigorous even during periods of nominal vacation. It is not uncommon during exam periods to see students sleeping during class from exhaustion. Students are encouraged to see themselves as being in fierce competition with their friends and peers. Level of education is a way to gain status Ed Role of Teachers High expectation (role model) Teacher is highly esteemed; status comes second to parents Standard of behavior that korean teacher sets for himself serves as model to students Strict formal in relationship to students Don’t sit on desks Drinking tea/coffee not practiced Students also formal-neatly dressed (informal attire-shorts, sandals, t-shirts not allowed) Even if teachers look younger, must be polite and even if teacher makes mistakes, will not point out to other ppl Students docile in class and discouraged from independent inquiry In the Classroom Large class size Student centered (teachers rotate) Frontal Sitting in rows English education English is taught as a required subject from the third year of elementary school up to high school, including most universities, with the goal of performing well on the TOEIC and TOEFL , which are tests of reading, listening and grammar-based English. For students who achieve high scores, there is also a speaking evaluation. With the recent changes to the TOEFL subject areas tested, many Koreans are heavily focusing on their speaking ability in English given the higher importance placed on this skill by universities for effective communication. Korean education recognizes that English is the global language.
- H The three most relevant differences between the structure and grammar of Korean language and English that apply to teaching English in Korea are: Use of article (the, an, a) I want a book I want book I want the book I want book Sentence structure I did my homework (SVN) I homework did (SNV) Essay structure point first, reason, reason// reasons, reason, point last Question/Answer structure Did you not do your homework? No, I did my homework ----- QUIZ: Students “don’t you want my help”//what should your answer be? Yes/no? Should be no (if you do) Even if it is clearly stated, the meaning varies depending on the situation ( Double negative)
- H Question/Answer structure Did you not do your homework? No, I did my homework ----- QUIZ: Students “don’t you want my help”//what should your answer be? Yes/no? Should be no (if you do) Even if it is clearly stated, the meaning varies depending on the situation ( Double negative)
- “We’ll debrief later”
- T FIRST-generation gap; difference between traditional and younger generation culture. SECOND: “I’m going to tell you about cultural dimensions and Heejugn will discuss how it applies within the classroom” Religious beliefs based on Confucianism has established hierarchies in most social relationships in Korea Friend to friend: have to be born in the same lunar year or be in the same grade to be friends Those who are of lower status are supposed to obey and respect individuals of higher status Hierarchies dictate social behavior: Who should be greeted first Who should sit where How a person should be treated
- T While respect is granted in many relationships and behavior is often dictated by status in the U.S., social relationships aren’t as strict and structured (i.e. ruler has authority over subjects, but work together and share information-decentralized work groups, etc). Americans believe in treating everyone as equals (i.e. husband and wife). Additionally, unlike Korea, the elderly don’t have priority over younger individuals in the U.S., instead youth is valued more. For instance, Paris Hilton was ranked as one of the biggest stories of 2007, in the company of issues such as the war on terror, the VA Tech shootings and global warming.
- H In Korean Classrooms Automatic respect for teacher Koreans prefer to be informed by an authority, while americans like to participate in process of discovery (managed by an authority who acts as if ppl were equals) Hesitate to express opinions; a ccept inequality and less likely to express opinions, especially if contradict teacher Perceive knowledge from authority is correct because they’re likely to be experts in subject Use experts as instructors Hold view that knowledge from authority is certain and obtained by mastering subject content Do’s and Don’ts non-participatory methods such as lectures and presentations Prepare for class because students will assume what you’re telling them is 100% accurate Use more student based learning without introducing the method. Just because they use more non-participatory methods, doesn’t mean you can’t try other teaching methods. As you know, students have different learning styles. Say I don’t know
- T In the U.S. individual needs are placed before the well-being of the group, however in Korea, the group is valued more. ‘We’ is more important than ‘I’ Well-being of the group is more important than individual needs and wants Harmony within the group should always be maintained *** EVEN IN AMERICA, AMONG FIRST GENERATION ASIANS, SENSE OF COMRADERIE AND ASSISTING EACH OTHER. DOING FAVORS VERY COMMON; GIVE DISCOUNTS, ETC ----QUESTIONS: What are some ways we reward individualism in the classroom?
- H In Korean Classrooms…. Students Won’t necessarily participate and raise hand without prompting More motivated to learn if perceived rewards benefit entire group Do’s Assign more group work Motivate students to participate by throwing a ball and give everyone a chance to speak Don’ts Don’t compliment students in front of the class Additionally, it’s very common to be self-deprecating and not accept compliments; not a sign of low self-confidence; accepting compliment is not modest and modesty is highly valued. However, children like it, so continue to compliment. Don’t single out students with praise; creates jealousy and embarassment As embarrassing to Koreans to be praised publicly as it is to be reprimanded publicy “ the nail that sticks out gets pounded in” asian proverb Koreans are group-oriented and anythng that makes person stand out removes that person from that group Instead give praise and crtiticism in private or priase/reward entire teams/groups
- T In America, people are very straightforward, and honesty and directness is highly regarded. Communication is quite literal, while in Korea it’s often vague and meaning is dependent on the context and non-verbal messages. Conversely, when you first meet a Korean person they may ask YOU very direct and personal questions: Age? What's your job? How much money do you make? Are you married? If not, why not? Do you have children? If not, why not? How many are boys? Blood type? Hometown? The grilling is part of the way your new friend figures out how to behave toward you. You're expected to ask the same questions of him or her. -----QUESTION: What would you do if you were in public and drank your Starbucks coffee without realizing how hot it is? What would you say? What would you do in a case of a fire? The indirectness of Korean communication is due to high value placed on subtlety. Showing emotions symbolizes low class. An example is, when a high class person drinks scalding tea, unknowingly, he will not scream out and let everyone know. Instead, he’ll swallow and pretend nothing happened or say softly, “it was hot.” Also bc the importance of maintaining harmony and saving ‘face’ (explain concept) Preservation of an individual’s reputation and feelings Loss of ‘face’ can’t be undone; only action to take is to avoid person or place where shame was caused As a result: Koreans will not negate your statement or say yes or no clearly. Saying no may be completely avoided Instead a negative response may be conveyed through vague verbal responses, non-verbal cues or silence Have to pick up queue to find out whether the other is offended or not (frown) Extreme indirectness, say ‘may, possibly’ but you’re more direct and take their uncertainty for face value
- H In Korean Classrooms Rarely respond “I don’t know” bc will be loss of face Won’t speak up if don’t understand (face) or say don’t know Maintain face-students may not answer to save face if tested and not sure of answer Do Because saying no is avoided, a negative response may be conveyed through vague verbal responses, non-verbal cues or silence; Watch body language and listen to tone of voice as well as what said Do allow a few seconds for response time Need to be constantly concerned not to cause another person to be embarrassed or humiliated (Kohls) Since there is a tendency to say "yes" to questions so that you do not lose face, the way you phrase a question is crucial. It is better to ask, "When can we expect shipment?" than "Can we expect shipment in 3 weeks?", since this question requires a direct response. Better to ask indirect to whole class and observe student reaction *quizzes Candy/stickers Don’t Silence doesn’t mean agreement; may mean doesn’t understand, but doesn’t want to lose face by admitting When say yes, not always means yes; Could mean I would rather say yes than to make you uspet or I hear what you say but I don’t agree with it White lies may be told; Important to maintain peaceful, comfortable atmosphere, even if it means telling a ‘white lie’ politeness may lead to white lies and appear to be outright lying to you, but to be polite to student Find it hard to say no or tell unpleasant truth to superior; would rather tell pleasant lie than unpleasant truth Not doen to deceive, but to protect other person’s kibun (sense of well-being) or save e/o face Don't test knowledge by asking direct questions. Don’t say you don’t know bc will lose respect
- T Contexting is the way in which people communicate and circumstances surrounding that communication. Context includes not only the verbal or linguistic messages, but also the physical surrounding, previous conversations between participants, and general rules of behavior to which the parties subscribe (Hall and Hall, 1987). Low context: More verbal and explicit; communication emphasizes verbal or written messages. Express thoughts clearly High context: most of info in physical context or internalized, stored info Can be compared to comm at home where look can convey an entire sentence Reduce uncertainty by understanding social context (social background, understanding other’s feelings) Rely on contextual programming Nov-Verbals can support, emphasize or contradict what ones says verbally Will find that comm stated verbally here, communicated nonverbally in Korea Not necessarily bc they assume you don’t know the language In America we hear about lawsuits all the time about how warnings are not written explicitly on products (i.e. McDonald french fries, coffee cups, blow dryers-do not use while bathing)…
- T Importance of proper behavior Nothing signifies high status more surely than dress and polite way of acting Excessive politeness all the time mark of proper behavior Dignified, reserved, deliberate, calm, patient, temperate gestures, movement of body or trunk, hands, feet, facial expressions, eye behavior, posture Touching behavior (stroking, hitting, greeting, farewalle) Spatial relationship (proxemics): territoriality, spatial arrangements
- T American Culture 1-2” Need personal space Korean is crowded so people rarely say excuse me Taught not to reveal emotions to strangers Strangers are in out-group Learn to push and jostle Less personal space Korean of same sex to stand close together when talking or walking Pop is very dense and Koreans live in compact spaces (Kohls) 16 as many ppl per square mile as in the US Collectivist societies don’t feel need for personal space as Amiercans do No separate private rooms for e/family member But personal space like Americans ****ACTIVITY: Ask people to come up and talk with me according to proxemics; example of each Don’t feel uncomfortable if student stands very close to you when talking Students may crowd together; don’t feel flustered or claustraphobic Space in classroom may be limited
- H Between Sexes Love & affection rarely expressed openly, not even between husband and wife No touching, gripping or patting on arm, shoulder or back unless very good friends Same Sex Hand holding common among males custom of special firendship; not be miscontrued as homosexual If same sex, may hold student’s hand, arm or shoulder, but opposite sex, don’t come close or touch; maintain some distance Okay to pat students’ head/shoulder students pat on their shoulder/head…it is a way to encourage them and a way to express affection as a teacher to students. As part of the culture, as recreation, people go to bath houses (jjim jjim bang) together and bathe together (open) go once a week at least
- H Corporeal punishment in schools. From foreigners’ perspective, it can be seen as an abuse. However, corporeal punishment is culturally accepted, though it is not the best way to discipline. Get hit on hands, head, bottom, back, anywhere ***** SHARING OWN EXPERIENCE WITH GETTING HIT Bowing: How deeply you should bow depends on the status of the other person. Shopkeeper, taxi driver, or other service provider, just duck your head and shoulders a little. Bow more from the waist for older people and rich business people. Elderly men get the deepest bows Younger generation will wave Greeting Bow degree Student to teachers, teachers to teacher, teachers to someone higher in position. bow when they meet and when they part. They also bow when they conduct business. sometimes not much more than a bob of the head, but how deeply you should bow depends on the status of the other person. When it's a shopkeeper, taxi driver, or other service provider, just duck your head and shoulders a little. Bow more from the waist for older people and rich business people. Elderly men get the deepest bows -- if you ever meet a Korean friend's grandfather, you might want to hit the floor. ACTIVITY: Heejung and I show differences in bowing, then… With people next to you, get up and bow according to salary But for westerner, can shake hands too Women don’t usually shake hands, but nod slightly Senior asks to shake hands first, but junior bows first Younger generation will wave
- H Whole Body Rise when older person enters room Kohls: posture important and sign of respect Slouching with legs spread and crossed with one ankle up disrespectful; rather be stiff and erect with legs together and both feet flat on floor Ax Avoid putting foor on table or chair, or slouching when seated ACTIVITY: DEMONSTRATE WHAT PROPER POSTURE LOOKS LIKE AND HOW STUDENTS IN US SIT Hands Don’t point (impolite), instead hold hand palm down with finger bent downward and flap fingers towards you, Ax To beckon someone, extend arm, palm down and make scratching motion, BUT NEVER BECKON SOMEONE HIGHER THAN YOU IN HIERARCHY (OLDER, STATUS BC YOU GO TO THAT PERSON). For example, you would never ask President Bush to come to you, you’d go to him-same concept Never offer anything with left hand (rude) Use two hands when giving something/accepting to someone older (or higher in a power line) than you are. Use one hand if the other party is someone younger than you are (or lower in a power line) (Kim) Student to teacher one hand; teachers to other teachers depends on the age; teachers to higher position two hands ACTIVITY: DEMONSTRATE GIVING WITH ONE HAND/TWO HANDS TO OLDER PERSON, TEACHER, ETC
- H Eye Behavior Indirect May not look you in the eye directly, esp if trying to show respect or deference Koreans do not look straight into someone’s eye- especially someone above your hierarchy Axtell Rude to stare; prolonged eye contact considered impolite and even intimidating Maybe even sexual overtones Don’t get offended of students when they do not make eye contacts. It is a sign of showing respect. When you (teachers) make eye contact with your superior, they may feel/look uncomfortable. Facial Expressions Showing emotions is a sign of immaturity; looking angry doesn’t mean you’re angry Research shows African Americans and Americans have more developed facial muscles around the mouth are more developed than in Asia. Avoid saying no, so gesture that signals ‘no’ or something difficult, tip head backward and audibly suck air through teeth Laughter disguise many emotions: anger, frustration and fear HUR: smile when feel ashamed and uncomfortable (may aggravate american, bc think not being taken seriously) Blowing nose in public rude Korean people very receptive to you learning about their culture Don’t have to remember all these communication gestures, rules
- T Did any aspects of American culture influence your answers? If so, which aspects? Would you change any of your answers? What steps can you take to make sure your teaching experience in Korea goes smoothly?