The document discusses the rising costs of higher education and textbooks and promotes the use of open educational resources (OER) as more affordable alternatives. It notes that the cost of higher education has increased much faster than general inflation and minimum wage. As a result, many qualified students are unable to complete college degrees due to financial barriers. The document advocates for increasing the use of OER, which are freely accessible online textbooks and course materials that can help reduce costs for students. It provides examples of successful OER implementations and research findings that OER can achieve equivalent or better learning outcomes compared to traditional textbooks while saving students thousands of dollars.

1. The Future is Open
University
Teaching
Fellow
&
Psychology
Instructor,
Kwantlen
Polytechnic
University
Senior
Open
Education
Advocacy
&
Research
Fellow,
BCcampus
Faculty
Workshop
Facilitator,
Open
Textbook
Network
Rajiv
Jhangiani,
Ph.D.
@thatpsychprof

2. “higher education
shall
be
equally
accessible
to
all”

3. The
cost
barrier
kept
2.4
million
low
and
moderate-­‐income
college-­‐qualified
high
school
graduates
from
completing
college
in
the
previous
decade
The Advisory Committee on StudentFinancial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf

4. $2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
US
Higher
Education
Funding
-­‐ $/FTE
State Funding Tuition Revenue
http://www.sheeo.org

5. 0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Hours
@
Minimum
Wage
Hours
of
Work
Required
to
Afford
Tuition
(University
of
Minnesota)

14. 1
Access
codes
• Eliminate
no-­‐cost
alternatives
• Eliminate
low-­‐cost
alternatives
• Create
a
direct
link
between
the
ability
to
pay
and
ability
to
get
good
grades

16. What can YOU do?
• Survey your student body
• #textbookbroke campaign
• Presentations
• Utilize visuals, create displays
• Speak directly to faculty & admin
• Suggest that faculty review a textbook
• Showcase examples
• Form a student-­led OER group
• Connect. Collaborate.

17. #TextbookBroke

18. #TextbookBroke

19. #TextbookBroke

22. Buy
used
(if
possible)
Buy
online
Resell
(if
possible)
Rent
Shared
purchase
(Inter)library
loans
Photocopy
International
edition
Old
edition

23. – University of
Minnesota student
“I
figured
French
hadn't
changed
that
much”

26. 2012 2016
63.6% 66.5%
Not
purchase
the
required
textbook
49.2% 47.6% Take
fewer
courses
45.1% 45.5% Not
register
for
a
specific
course
33.9% 37.6% Earn
a
poor
grade
26.7% 26.1% Drop
a
course
17.0% 19.8% Fail
a
course
Florida
Student
Textbook
Survey
26

28. Revise Remix
Retain Redistribute
Reuse
Source:
David
Wiley,
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221
March
5,
2014,
CC-­‐BY
open =
free
+
permissions

29. Source:
Creative
Commons,
2015
State
of
the
Commons
report

30. rijksmuseum.nl

31. ted.com
ed.ted.com

32. rpsychologist.com

33. Not
just free
or
low-­‐cost
textbooks
Not
just digital
textbooks

34. 32%
faculty
assigning
OER
15%
faculty
using
OER
in
their
classes
5.3%
courses
using
an
open
textbook

35. Cengage
Learning
(2016).
Open
educational
resources
(OER)
and
the
evolving
higher
education
landscape.

36. 26%
plan
to
use
OER
within
the
next
year
33%
think
OER
will
replace
commercial
texts
in
general
education
courses

37. openstax.org

39. open.bccampus.ca

42. nobaproject.com

44. open.umn.edu

47. "Opening
the
Curriculum:
Open
Education
Resources
in
U.S.
Higher
Education,
2014"by I.
Elaine
Allen
&
Jeff
Seaman,
Babson
Survey
Research
Group is
licensed
under CC
BY
4.0
80% 75%

48. I
would
not
have
bought
the
text
book
for
this
course
because
it's
an
elective.
I
would
have
possibly
walked
away
with
a
C,
now
I
might
actually
get
an
A-­‐
It
is
easily
accessible
and
convenient.
Material
is
easy
to
understand
and
follow
I
personally
really
like
the
convenience
of
having
the
complete
set
of
chapters
on
my
computer
and
even
accessible
from
my
phone
if
I
need
it.
I
like
that
I
don't
have
to
lug
around
another
text
book
It's
free
and
it's
a
great
money
saver

49. Below
average
3%
Average
20%
Above
average
34%
Excellent
43%
HOW
WOULD
YOU
RATE
THE
QUALITY
OF
YOUR
OPEN
TEXTBOOK?
Strongly
agree
6%
Slightly
agree
12%
Neither
17%
Slightly
disagree
15%
Strongly
disagree
50%
WOULD
YOU
HAVE
PREFERRED
A
TRADITIONAL
TEXTBOOK?
Jhangiani
&
Jhangiani
(2017)

50. 13 Peer
Reviewed
Studies
of
Efficacy
http://openedgroup.org/

51. 119,720 Students
http://openedgroup.org/

52. 95%
Same
or
Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/
openedgroup.com/review

53. Fischer
et
al.
(2015)
• Quasi-­‐experimental
design
• Propensity-­‐score
matched
groups
• 16,727
students
taking
15
courses
at
10
institutions
• OER
students:
• Lower
withdrawal
rates
• More
likely
to
pass
with
a
C-­‐ or
better
• Higher
course
grades
• Enrolled
in
more
courses
(current
&
subsequent
semesters)
Fischer,
L.,
Hilton,
J.,
Robinson
T.
J.,
&
Wiley,
D.
(2015).
A
multi-­‐institutional
study
of
the
impact
of
open
textbook
adoption
on
the
learning
outcomes
of
post-­‐secondary
students.
Journal
of
Computing
in
Higher
Education,
27(3),
159-­‐172. doi:10.1007/s12528-­‐015-­‐9101-­‐x

54. Commercial
vs.
OER
Hilton, J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D., & Williams, L. (2016). Maintaining momentum toward graduation: OER and the
course throughput rate. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning.

55. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing
with
C
or
Better
Student
Success
per
Dollar
0 100%
$400

56. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing
with
C
or
Better
Commercial
Student
Success
per
Dollar
0 100%
$400

57. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing
with
C
or
Better
Commercial
OER
Student
Success
per
Dollar
0 100%
$400

59. Fig
3.
Percentage
of
papers
published
by
the
five
major
publishers,
by
discipline
in
the
Natural
and
Medical
Sciences,
1973–2013.
Larivière
V,
Haustein
S,
Mongeon
P
(2015)
The
Oligopoly
of
Academic
Publishers
in
the
Digital
Era.
PLOS
ONE
10(6):
e0127502.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127502
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127502

60. Fig
7.
Operating
profits
(million
USD)
and
profit
margin
of
Reed-­‐Elsevier
as
a
whole
(A)
and
of
its
Scientific,
Technical
&
Medical
division
(B),
1991–2013.
Larivière
V,
Haustein
S,
Mongeon
P
(2015)
The
Oligopoly
of
Academic
Publishers
in
the
Digital
Era.
PLOS
ONE
10(6):
e0127502.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127502
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127502

66. Researchers in
developing countries
can see your work
More exposure for
your work
Practitioners can
apply your findings
Higher citation rates
Your research can
Influence policy
The public can access
your findings
Compliant with grant
rules
Taxpayers get value
for money
CC-BY Danny Kingsley & Sarah Brown

67. Campus
Stores
and
OER

68. OpenStax OER Print Textbooks
Now Available through !
Support students with a print option through your store.
• 10 -15% of students prefer a print edition
• 15 Titles Available
– Expanding to 25 titles covering multiple disciplines & the
best-attended U.S. courses
• OpenStax titles qualify for free freight (normal minimums apply)
and can be placed into Bin & Hold orders with other titles.
– Non-returnable
– Supports Textbook Affordability
– No minimum order, ships same day to re-stock
• Current Title List:
o Support textbook affordability with this Open Source alternative
o Students order free digital text directly through OpenStaxcollege.org
“What Is OpenStax?”
OpenStax is one of the nation's fastest growing textbook publishers. It launched in 2012 with the goal of making college more
affordable by publishing free, high-quality textbooks for 25 of the nation's most-attended college courses. Based at Rice University,
OpenStax uses philanthropic gifts from major foundations to produce "open educational resources" (OER) – free, full-color, peer-
reviewed textbooks that have the same look and feel as books that cost $100 or more.
Order through your NACSCORP Account Manager, online or through Customer Service.
Read the original OpenStax press release
E-mail sales@nacscorp.com Web www.nacscorp.com
Phone 800.622.7498 Fax 800.344.5059 Need a free online account?
ISBN-13 Title
Suggested
List Store Cost
3-2016
9781938168376 Algebra & Trigonometry $58.00 $46.40
9781938168130 Anatomy and Physiology $52.00 $41.60
9781938168093 Biology $52.00 $41.60
9781938168390 Chemistry $55.00 $44.00
9781938168383 College Algebra $52.00 $41.60
9781938168000 College Physics $48.50 $38.80
9781938168116 Concepts of Biology $29.00 $23.20
9781938168413 Introduction to Sociology 2e $29.00 $23.20
9781938168208 Introductory Statistics $33.50 $26.80
9781938168253 Macroeconomics $33.50 $26.80
9781938168246 Microeconomics $33.50 $26.80
9781938168345 Precalculus $58.00 $46.40
9781938168239 Principles of Economics $38.50 $30.80
9781938168352 Psychology $38.50 $30.80
9781938168369 U.S. History $52.00 $41.60
Read 3/2016 customization press release

69. Working
with
the

72. One
model
Commercial
textbooks
• Publisher:
$77.4
• Freight:
$1.0
• Store
personnel:
$10.7
• Store
operations:
$7.2
• Store
income:
$3.7
(3.7%)
• Cost
to
student:
$100
OER
print
on
demand
• Print
on
demand:
$10
• Freight:
$0
• Store
personnel:
$10.7
• Store
operations:
$7.2
• Store
income:
$3.7
(11.7%)
• Cost
to
student:
$31.6

73. What
is
the
institutional
impact
of
OER
adoption?

74. An
opportunity
to
forge
closer
relationships
with
faculty,
libraries,
and
teaching
&
learning
centres

78. • Rewrote
an
open
Art
textbook
• Added
work
of
local
artists
• Sold
for
$18
• 91%
sell
through

79. PM4ID

80. The Z-Degree
REMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A
BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS
THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM
Decreased
cost
to
graduate
by
25%
Increased
pedagogical
flexibility

82. • 700
courses
• 84,000
students
• >$10M/year
in
student
savings
• Impact
on
learning

84. Textbook Costs and
Opportunity Lost:
What price-driven decisions are costing students
Research has shown a positive correlation between access to course
materials and completion rates and grades.1–5
And yet, one survey of
more than 22,000 college students found, as many as
As the survey uncovered, the decisions students make in light of the
price of textbooks may cost them opportunity in the long run.6
of students opt out of buying required
course materials for the first day of class.64%
report
dropping
a course
27%
of students 1
report taking
fewer courses
per semester
49%
of students
report not
registering
for a course
45%
of students
1
2
3
4
report failing
a course
17%
of students

88. @thatpsychprof
Rajiv@kpu.ca
slideshare.net/thatpsychprofWWW