What can you do with lambda in 2020

?
what
can
YOU
DO
with
in
2020
Yan Cui
@theburningmonk

What do you mean
by ‘serverless’?

@theburningmonk theburningmonk.com
“Serverless”

Gojko Adzic
It is serverless the same way
WiFi is wireless.
http://bit.ly/2yQgwwb

Serverless means…
don’t pay for it if no-one uses it
don’t need to worry about scaling
don’t need to provision and manage servers

in other words, it’s a lot like taking a cab

Ownership
Fuel
Navigate
To get there!
Focus on
getting there!

HW Ownership
OS
Runtime & Scale
Code
Physical
Servers

HW Ownership
OS
Runtime & Scale
Code
Physical
Servers
Virtual
Machines

HW Ownership
OS
Runtime & Scale
Code
Physical
Servers
Virtual
Machines
Containers

HW Ownership
OS
Runtime & Scale
Code
Focus on
getting there!
Physical
Servers
Virtual
Machines
Containers Serverless

Serviceful Self Managed Metered Usage

API Gateway IOT Core SNS SQS S3

auto-scaled
by demand

scales to zero

scales to zero
don’t pay
for idle

us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c
multi-AZ by
default

us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c

us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c
built-in load
balancing

us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c
DynamoDB
global tables

us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c
multi-region
active-active

more Scalable
(and scales faster!)

Cheaper
(don’t pay for idle servers)

Resilience
(built-in redundancy and multi-AZ)

Secure

idea production
choose language
+ framework
master language
+ framework
figure out
deployment
configure AMI
configure ELB
configure
autoscaling
capacity planning
over-provision for
launch
are we doing
microservices?
configure CI/CD

idea production
greater Velocity from idea to product

youtube.com/watch?v=evsz__BDprs
It used to take me
longer to conﬁgure
infrastructure for my
application!

minimise undifferentiated
heavy-lifting

less ops responsibility on
your shoulders

Yan Cui
http://theburningmonk.com
@theburningmonk
AWS user for 10 years

Yan Cui
@theburningmonk
Developer Advocate @

Yan Cui
@theburningmonk
Independent Consultant
advisetraining delivery

?
what
can
YOU
DO
with
in
2020

API Gateway Lambda DynamoDB

API Gateway

API Gateway
over 70% cheaper

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/http-api-vs-rest.html

ALB
1 LCU gives you
25 new connections per second
3000 active connections per minute
0.4 GB per hour for Lambda function targets
1000 rule evaluations per second
* averaged over an hour

1 TPS, 200ms avg latency, 1KB data processing / req
API Gateway
ALB
$2.5921 x 60s x 60m x 24hr x 30days
@ $1.00 per hour
24hr x 30days @ $0.0225 per hour
+
1 x 24hr x 30days @ $0.008 per hour
$21.96
$9.0721 x 60s x 60m x 24hr x 30days
@ $3.50 per hour
REST
HTTP

1,000 TPS, 200ms avg latency, 1KB data processing / req
25 new connections per second
3000 active connections per minute
0.4 GB per hour for Lambda function targets
1000 rule evaluations per second
= 1000 / 25 = 40 LCU
= 1000 x 60s / 3000 = 20 LCU
= 1kb x 1000 x 60s x 60m / 0.4 GB = 8.58 LCU
= 1000 / 1000 = 1 LCU

1,000 TPS, 200ms avg latency, 1KB data processing / req
API Gateway
ALB
$25921000 x 60s x 60m x 24hr x 30days
@ $1.00 per hour
24hr x 30days @ $0.0225 per hour
+
40 x 24hr x 30days @ $0.008 per hour
$246.6
$90721000 x 60s x 60m x 24hr x 30days
@ $3.50 per hour
REST
HTTP

services that pay by uptime are orders-of-magnitude
cheaper when running at scale

ALB
canary deploy with stickiness
routing based on HTTP headers
or query string params

“What about cold starts? I need predictable latency!”

ﬁrst, try to optimize cold start duration so
they’re within acceptable latency range

then, consider using Provisioned Concurrency as a fallback

REST APIs

“What about websockets?”

API Gateway AppSync IoT Core

API Gateway
Lambda
OnConnect

API Gateway
Lambda
OnConnect DynamoDB

API Gateway
Lambda
OnConnect DynamoDB
Lambda
OnDisconnect

API Gateway DynamoDBLambda

low-level construct where YOU have to
manage connection mapping

no support for broadcasts
(e.g. broadcasting to a million connected users equates to fetching 1M
items from DynamoDB and then make 1M API calls to API Gateway…)

scalable, easy to use, but requires GraphQL

requires sig v4 signing
(possibly using credentials obtained through Cognito Identity Pool)

messages are always MQTT messages

REST APIs
WebSockets

“What if I want to build a GraphQL API instead of REST?”

schema server data sources
DynamoDB
RDS
ElasticSearch
AppSync
Lambda

AWS AppSync
scalable & multi-az out of the box

AWS AppSync
pay as you use ($4.00 per Million)

AWS AppSync
built-in caching (extra $)

AWS AppSync
built-in metrics through CloudWatch
built-in logging through CloudWatch Logs

AWS AppSync
built-in metrics through CloudWatch
built-in logging through CloudWatch Logs
no servers to manage

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs

“Can I implement data pipelines with serverless?”

Kinesis Lambda
?Publisher(s)

realworldserverless.com

Kinesis Lambda
?Publisher(s)
Firehose S3 Athena

Kinesis Lambda
?Publisher(s)
Firehose S3 Athena
Kinesis Analytics Lambda

Kinesis Lambda
?Publisher(s)
Firehose S3 Athena
Kinesis Analytics Firehose
?

Kinesis Lambda
?Publisher(s)
Firehose S3 Athena
Kinesis Analytics Kinesis
?

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data

CloudTrail EventBridge Lambda

Conﬁg EventBridge Lambda

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps

“How do I model complex business workﬂows?”

Step Functions

orchestration service that allows you to model
workﬂows as state machines

design with JSON
https://states-language.net/spec.html

Step Functions OOP
class
instanceexecution
input arguments

start a state machine via..
StepFunctions
.startExecution(req)
.promise()

API Gateway
StepFunctions
.promise()

EventBridge
including cron
StepFunctions
.promise()
API Gateway

state transitions

$25 PER MILLION

$25 PER MILLION
15X LAMBDA PRICING!

https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2019/12/introducing-aws-step-functions-express-workflows

bit.ly/complete-guide-to-aws-step-functions

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps
Business Workﬂows

“Can I encode videos with Lambda?”

S3 Lambda
?

S3 Lambda
Elemental
MediaConvert

an X min video ﬁle is likely going to take
X mins to encode

S3 Lambda Step Functions

split

Map
split

split
Map
…

split
Map
…
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }

split
Map
…
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }
{ … }
[{ … }, { … } … ]

Map
split stitch

Transcode video segments in parallel.
Reduced processing time from ~20 mins
to ~2 mins.

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps
Video Encoding
Business Workﬂows

“Event-driven architectures are all the rage, how does it look like?”

“What do I use as the event bus?”

EventBridge SNS
prefer over

EventBridge SNS

EventBridge
schema discovery &
schema registry

EventBridge
content-based ﬁltering
enables a centralized
event bus

EventBridge
AWS Services
3rd Partners
Your Application

EventBridge
AWS Services
3rd Partners
Your Application
Lambda
Lambda
Lambda

“How do I handle failures?”

DLQ

SNS, SQS, Lambda,
EventBridge

FAILURE DESTINATION

MORE targets
Stream invocations
too!

prefer Lambda Destinations to DLQs
(both can be used side-by-side)

what about
OnSuccess?

OnSuccess

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps
Event-Driven Architecture
Video Encoding
Business Workﬂows

LambdaAlexa Skills

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps
Video Encoding
Business Workﬂows
Alexa skills

IOT Core Lambda

REST APIs
WebSockets
GraphQL APIs
Big Data
DevOps/DevSecOps
Alexa skills
IOT
Video Encoding
Business Workﬂows

“When is serverless not the right choice?”

What are your non-functional requirements?

Can Lambda meet your performance and scaling requirements?

What’s the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for serverless?

https://go.aws/2XThRxK

But, sometimes, the infrastructure far outweighs stafﬁng cost

lambdabestpractice.com

https://theburningmonk.com/hire-me
AdviseTraining Delivery
“Fundamentally, Yan has improved our team by increasing our
ability to derive value from AWS and Lambda in particular.”
Nick Blair
Tech Lead

@theburningmonk
theburningmonk.com
github.com/theburningmonk

What can you do with lambda in 2020

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