SNOMED CT
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Explains how SNOMED CT connected to internet of EMRs and related to healthcare. For more information visit: http://www.transformhealth-it.org/
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SNOMED CT
- 1. SNOMED CT Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine ā Clinical Terms ---An introduction --- Dr Karanvir Singh MBBS, MS, FRCS (Glasgow) Chief Medical Information Office Apollo Hospitals India 1
- 2. 2 Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP) 1965 CAP Broad clinical terms included (SNOMED) 1975 CAP Logic based SNOMED-RT 2000 CAP Read codes1980s NHS UK Read codes v3 Clinical Terms v3 CTV3 1990s NHS UK SNOMED-CT2007 IHTSDO India became a member of the IHTSDO 2014 SNOMED-CT2002 CAP NHS UK US UK
- 3. Most of us own smartphonesā¦ 3
- 4. Now imagine the uses if you remove internet connectivity Voice calls SMS Camera A few games This is what we use them for 4
- 5. An EMR alone is like a ādumbā phone Snomed CT is the internet of EMRs It connects healthcare data across all entities + Allows very granular clinical data capture Provides very powerful clinical analytics It supports clinical decision support ā¦ and is used in over 50 countries. It is the best clinical terminology system today 5
- 6. Let us see how it is better than existing healthcare coding systems Let us compare it with ICD-10 6
- 8. Codes for Ectopic Pregnancy in ICD-10 ā¢ ICD-10 has five codes (terms) only ā¢ Abdominal ā¢ Tubal ā¢ Ovarian ā¢ Others ā¢ Unspecified 8
- 9. Terms for Ectopic pregnancy in SNOMED CT Abdominal pregnancy Membranous pregnancy Aborted ectopic pregnancy Mesenteric pregnancy Angular pregnancy Mesometric pregnancy Cervical pregnancy Miscarriage of tubal ectopic pregnancy Combined heterotopic pregnancy Multiple pregnancy involving intrauterine pregnancy and tubal pregnancy Combined intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy Mural pregnancy Combined pregnancy Ovarian pregnancy Combined tubal and intrauterine pregnancy Rudimentary horn pregnancy Compound ectopic Ruptured ectopic pregnancy Cornual pregnancy Ruptured tubal pregnancy Delivery of viable fetus in abdominal pregnancy Secondary abdominal pregnancy Fallopian pregnancy Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies Fallopian tube pregnancy Tubal abortion Heterotopic pregnancy Tubal pregnancy Intraligamentous pregnancy Unruptured tubal pregnancy Intraperitoneal pregnancy Viable fetus in abdominal pregnancy 9
- 11. Pneumonia ā as classified in ICD-10 Section Code Title Infectious disorders B01.2 Varicella pneumonia Infectious disorders B05.2 Measles complicated by pneumonia Infectious disorders B20.6 HIV disease resulting in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Diseases of respiratory system J10.0 Influenza with pneumonia, other influenza virus identified Diseases of respiratory system J11.0 Influenza with pneumonia, virus not identified Diseases of respiratory system J12 Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified Diseases of respiratory system J13 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae Diseases of respiratory system J14 Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae Diseases of respiratory system J15 Bacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified 11
- 12. Viral pneumonia Infectious disease of lung Lower respiratory tract infection Disorder of lung Disease Viral infection Infective pneumonia Viral respiratory infection Viral disease Infectious disease Poly-hierarchy 12 Lungdisorders Infections
- 13. ICD is running out of codes ā¢ Since code numbers are the main stay of classification, and the number of diseases are very large in number, ICD is running out of codes. ā¢ Multiple disorders are being grouped under one code 13
- 14. ICD is running out of codes ā¢ Since code numbers are the main stay of classification, and the number of diseases are very large in number, ICD is running out of codes. ā¢ Multiple disorders are being grouped under one code 14
- 15. Snomed CT has no limits on the codes that can be used No sharing of codes by two different conditions 15
- 16. Comparison of existing coding systems Coding system ICD-10 ICD-10 PCS LOINC NANDA CPT4 SNOMED CT Diagnosis Yes No No Partial No Yes Procedures / operations No (except pregnancy related) Yes No No Yes Yes Laboratory No No Yes No No Yes Nursing No No No Yes No Yes Special context (e.g not diabetic) No No No No No Yes Meaning based analytics No No No No No Yes 16
- 17. Will SNOMED CT replace ICD-10? Yes & No ā¢ Clinical modules & analytics would benefit from SNOMED CT ā¢ The medical records departments will continue ICD-10 17
- 18. Let us look at the nuts & bolts of SNOMED CT 18
- 19. These are four different conditions (clinical ideas) 1. Ischemic heart disease 2. Angina 3. Unstable angina 4. Myocardial infarction 5. Heart attack 6. Cardiac infarction 7. MI Same clinical meaning (idea) 19 Each clinical idea is called a concept
- 20. Each concept has a random concept number 1. Ischemic heart disease 414545008 2. Angina 194828000 3. Unstable angina 4557003 4. Myocardial infarction 5. Heart attack 6. Cardiac infarction 7. MI Same clinical meaning (idea) 22298006 20
- 21. The same concept has different translations 1. Ischemic heart disease 414545008 - cardiopatĆa isquĆ©mica 2. Angina 194828000 - angina de pecho 3. Unstable angina 4557003 - sĆndrome preinfarto 4. Myocardial infarction 5. Heart attack 6. Cardiac infarction 7. MI Same clinical meaning (idea) 22298006 - infarto de miocardio 21
- 22. Independent system of classification Concept Concept ID Ischaemic Heart Disease 414545008 Angina 194828000 Unstable Angina 4557003 Myocardial Infarction 22298006 Heart Attack 22298006 Cardiac Infarction 22298006 MI 22298006 22
- 23. Viral pneumonia Infectious disease of lung Lower respiratory tract infection Disorder of lung Disease Viral infection Infective pneumonia Viral respiratory infection Viral disease Infectious disease Poly-hierarchy 23 Lungdisorders Infections
- 24. Thusā¦ ā¢ Each clinical idea is a concept and has a unique concept number ā¢ Each concept number has multiple terms for it ā¢ In different languagesā¦ ā¢ There is no limit on the number of concepts. Hence different conditions do not have to share the same code ā¢ Concepts are connected to other concepts (parents / children) independent of their codes ā multiple relationships ā¢ There are other relationships also, defining different properties of a concept 24
- 25. How do multiple relationships help? Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb Is aIs a 25
- 26. Multiple types of relationships Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site 26
- 27. Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site Cellulitis of toe Cellulitis of heel Is a Is a 27
- 28. Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site Cellulitis of toe Cellulitis of heel Is a Is a Toe structure Finding site Cellulitis Associated morphology 28 Is a
- 29. Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site Cellulitis of toe Cellulitis of heel Is a Is a Toe structure Finding site Heel structure Finding site Cellulitis Associated morphology Cellulitis Associated morphology 29 Is a Is a
- 30. Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site Cellulitis of toe Cellulitis of heel Is a Is a Toe structure Finding site Heel structure Finding site Cellulitis Associated morphology Cellulitis Associated morphology 30 Is a Is a
- 31. Cellulitis of foot Disorder of foot Cellulitis of lower limb CellulitisFoot structure Is aIs a Associated morphologyFinding site Cellulitis of toe Cellulitis of heel Is a Is a Toe structure Finding site Heel structure Finding site Cellulitis Associated morphology Cellulitis Associated morphology 31 List me all patients with cellulitis Is a Is a
- 32. Associated morphology = Cellulitis* 32 Cellulitis of foot Cellulitis of foot excluding toe Cellulitis of forearm Cellulitis of forehead Cellulitis of gingiva Cellulitis of groin Cellulitis of hand Cellulitis of hand excluding finger Cellulitis of head Cellulitis of heel Cellulitis and abscess of lower leg Cellulitis and abscess of lower limb Cellulitis and abscess of neck Cellulitis and abscess of nose (external) Cellulitis and abscess of perineum Cellulitis and abscess of shoulder Cellulitis and abscess of submandibular region Cellulitis and abscess of temple region Conditions with the word āCellulitisā within it *Partial data
- 33. Associated morphology = Cellulitis* 33 Cellulitis of foot Cellulitis of foot excluding toe Cellulitis of forearm Cellulitis of forehead Cellulitis of gingiva Cellulitis of groin Cellulitis of hand Cellulitis of hand excluding finger Cellulitis of head Cellulitis of heel Cellulitis and abscess of lower leg Cellulitis and abscess of lower limb Cellulitis and abscess of neck Cellulitis and abscess of nose (external) Cellulitis and abscess of perineum Cellulitis and abscess of shoulder Cellulitis and abscess of submandibular region Cellulitis and abscess of temple region Beat knee Chronic recurrent streptoccocal erysipelas Cutaneous erysipeloid Disseminated cutaneous erysipeloid Erysipelas Erysipelas of lower limb Erysipeloid Facial erysipelas Localized cutaneous erysipeloid Ludwig's angina Onychia of finger Phlegmon Postpartum AND/OR puerperal erysipelas Recurrent erysipelas Seal finger Conditions with the word āCellulitisā within it Conditions even without the word āCellulitisā *Partial data
- 34. How relationships help in decision support Pick up all cases of cerebrovascular accident for consideration for thrombolytic therapy Use it to identify potential cohorts for clinical trials for a new breast cancer drug. Warn if the patient has any type of diabetes AND any type of kidney disease 34
- 35. How is it used in a hospitalās EMR? 35
- 36. The hospitalās EMR software Snomed CT Record services (EMR) Terminology services (Snomed CT) Patient Ram Lal, age 56, admitted with a diagnosis of Herni Hernia Inguinal hernia Indirect inguinal hernia Indirect inguinal hernia with obstruction 36
- 37. Leveraging relationships We can show all the SubType concepts of E in the operation list of a foot surgeon 37 Operations on the foot
- 38. SubTypes (All descendants) 38 Operations on the foot Foot joint operations Foot incision Division of muscle of foot Tenotomy of abductor hallucis muscle
- 39. Value set binding: SNOMED supplies the lists 39
- 40. How will clinicians benefit from it? 40
- 41. ICD-10 has very limited search ā no synonyms ā¢ The doctor may search for any of these terms for the same diagnosis ā¢ Renal calculus ā¢ Renal stone ā¢ Nephrolith ā¢ Calculus in kidney ā¢ Kidney stone ā¢ Kidney calculus ā¢ Only the term Calculus in Kidney exists in ICD-10 ā¢ Such issues are present with most diagnosis
- 42. No abbreviations in ICD-10 ā¢ The doctor may search by typing ā¢ COPD ā¢ MI ā¢ IHD
- 43. ICD-10 terms are not appropriate for printing What the doctor wants to write What is available in ICD-10 tables ā prints as such Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Unspecified Ureterocele Other specified disorders of kidney and ureter Neonatal tetanus Other tetanus Achlorhydria Other specified diseases of stomach and duodenum Recurrent appendicitis Other appendicitis Indirect inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia Direct inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia Strangulated inguinal hernia Unilateral or unspecified inguinal hernia, with obstruction, without gangrene Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified Bird flu (H5N1) Influenza due to certain identified influenza virus Swine flu (H1N1). Influenza due to certain identified influenza virus
- 44. ICD-10 codes are not appropriate for printing What the doctor wants to write What is available in ICD-10 tables ā prints as such Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Unspecified Ureterocele Other specified disorders of kidney and ureter Neonatal tetanus Other tetanus Achlorhydria Other specified diseases of stomach and duodenum Recurrent appendicitis Other appendicitis Indirect inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia Direct inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia Strangulated inguinal hernia Unilateral or unspecified inguinal hernia, with obstruction, without gangrene Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified Bird flu (H5N1) Influenza due to certain identified influenza virus Swine flu (H1N1). Influenza due to certain identified influenza virus
- 45. Summary ā¢ Snomed CT is the terminology that supports the EMR. On its own it does nothing ā¢ It is very clinician friendly ā¢ It is multilingual ā¢ It allows very powerful data analytics ā¢ It augments decision support capabilities of an EMR 45
- 46. Questions through the THIT app please 46