11. ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
• It is the active bacterial infection
• It involves acute tissue inflammation, tubular
cell necrosis and abscess formation, which are
pockets of infection with pus can occur
anywhere within the kidney.
13. CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
• It results from repeated or continuous urinary
tract defect, obstruction or commonly when
urine refluxes from the bladder back into the
ureters.
19. ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
o Fever
o Chills
o Tachycardia
o Tachypnea
o Flank, back or loin pain
o Tender CVA
o Abdomen, often colicky & discomfort
o Nausea & vomiting
o General malaise & fatigue
o Burning, urgency or frequency of urination
o Nocturia
24. 1. BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS
• Gentamicin
250 – 500 mg/day
It has both bactriostatic & bacteriocidal action.
Also act against gram +ve and gram –ve
organisms.
29. • It is the inflammation of the urinary bladder
• It if the most common among UTI
30. INCIDENCE
• It is the second most condition after RTI
• The incidence of symptoms is more than 5
million per year
• About half of them are reported and
diagnosed as UTI.
33. NON INFECTIOUS
• It is caused from chemical exposure such as
Drugs {chemotherapy drugs
cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide}, radiation
therapy and auto immune disorders.
34. INTERSTITIAL
• It is a rare and chronic inflammation of the
entire urinary tract ( bladder, urethra &
adjacent pelvic muscles).
• It is not a result of infection {diabetes, kidney
stones, an enlarged prostate or spinal cord
injuries}
• it occurs 10 times more in women than men.
• Features are intense urgency & bladder pain.
36. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bacteria from out side the body enters into the urinary
tract due to any procedure or irritation of the urethra
Urosepsis occurs
Organ failure
Sepsis
Death
37. CLINICAL FEATURES
COMMON
Frequency
Urgency
Dysuria
Hesitancy
Nocturia
Low back pain
Incontinence
Pyuria
Hematuria
Retention
Suprapubic tenderness or fullness
Felling of incomplete bladder emptying.
Cloudy, foul smelling blood tinged urine
54. 3) BLADDER ANALGESICS
• PHENAZOPYRIDINE
200 mg orally 3 times daily after meals
It reduces bladder pain and burning by exerting a
topical analgesic or local anesthetic effect on
the bladder mucosa.
55. 4) ANTISPASMODICS
• HYOSCYAMINE
0.125 – 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily.
It relieves bladder spasms by inhibiting
nerve stimulation to the bladder muscle.
65. ACUTE BACTERIAL
It may occurs with Urethritis or an infection of
the lower urinary tract.
Organism may reach the prostate via blood
stream or the urethra.
67. CHRONIC BACTERIAL
• Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a rare condition
that causes recurring infections in the prostate
and results in swelling, inflammation, and
frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• It may occur in older men
75. d) Muscle relaxants
• HYOSCYAMINE
0.125 – 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily.
It relieves bladder spasms by inhibiting
nerve stimulation to the bladder muscle
76. NON BACTERIAL/ CHRONIC
PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME
Pelvic or perineal pain without evidence of
urinary tract infection, lasting longer than 3
months
Pain may radiate to the back and rectum, making
sitting uncomfortable. Pain can be present in the
perineum, testicles, tip of penis, pubic or bladder
area.
Dysuria, arthralgia, myalgia, unexplained fatigue,
abdominal pain, constant burning pain in the
penis, and frequency may all be present
77. ASYMPTOMATIC
INFLAMMATORY PROSTATITIS
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is a
painless inflammation of the prostate gland
where there is no evidence of infection.
It is a common finding in men with BPH.
79. Instruct to avoid alcohol, coffee, tea and spicy
foods that irritate symptoms.
Instruct to avoid decongestants and
antihistamines that may irritate.
Explain the importance of antibiotic therapy
and fluid management.
