Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Philosophers
1.
2. • State of Nature:
• Age of
hypothesis of
Enlightenment:
conditions of
cultural
what the lives of
movement emphasizi
people might
ng on
have been like
reason and individua
before societies
lism; reform society
came into
using reason,
existence.
challenge ideas
Terms
• Social contract:
• groundedof Nature:
The Law in
tradition andall
addresses the
the basis of faith
and advance
origin of society
morality given to
knowledge through
and the legitimacy
us by God,
the scientific
of the authority
commands that we
method..
of the state over
not harm others
the individual.
3.
4. Thomas Hobbes
(5 April 1588 – 4 December
1679)
Absolute monarchy
: ultimate governing authority as head of
not limited by a constitution or by the
law.
: abuses of power by this authority can
not be resisted.
Political Philosophy and Science
The Social Contract
: self-interest and the absence of rights
and contracts > ceded some of their
individual rights so that others would
cede theirs
5.
6. John Locke
(29 Aug 1632 – 28 Oct 1704)
‘Father of Classical Liberalism’
: securing the freedom of the individual by limiting
the power of the government
Empiricism (philosophy of science)
: is a theory of knowledge which states
that knowledge comes only or primarily
from sensory experience.
Social contract
: individuals bound morally, by The Law of Nature,
not to harm > without government to defend them >
no security in their rights and would live in fear.
Origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self
7.
8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(28 Jun 1712 – 2 Jul 1778)
Theory of the Natural Human
:"uncorrupted morals" prevail in the "state
of nature" .
Stages of Human Development
:"savages" = optimal in human development
(less-than-optimal extreme of brute animals
and the extreme of decadent civilization).
The Social Contract
: Joining together into civil society and
abandoning claims of natural right can
preserve themselves and remain free.
9.
10. Immanuel Kant
(22 April 1724 – 12 February
1804)
Theory of Perception
: understanding of the external world has
foundations in both experience and a
priori concepts
: analytical and synthetic proposition =
provide new knowledge, but knowledge
that is not derived from experience
Moral Philosophy
: An action is not done with the motive of
duty, then it is without moral value
Kantianism
: revolving entirely around duty rather
-Social contract: question of the relation between natural and legal rights.
Absolute monarchy: a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war. State of nature: people know no virtues and therefore are vicious. : the sovereign power of the protector comes becauseof people surrendering their own sovereign power for protection and thereby they are the authors of all decisions made by the sovereign power.Political: Started this, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority, is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, nation, government, and politics and policies of government. The Social contract: not benevolent but competitive and self-centered >realism theories for international relations (eg. All states tend to pursue self-interest.)
Classical liberalism: Emerged as a response to the Industrial Revolution and urbanization in the 19th century in Europe and the United States and advocates civil liberties (eg. Specific rights, freedom from slavery) with a limited government (allows the people to shape their society) under the rule of law, private property, and belief in economic policy that is free from tariffs and taxes.Empiricism: -emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments is a fundamental part of the scientific method and that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a prior reasoning.Social Contract: why people are willing to do so Origin: Born with a blank slate, without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense or perception.
Theory: Something to note though is that he does not mention that act morally; just that they are are self-sufficient and thus not subject to the vices of political society. In fact, he believes self-restraint, can only develop through careful education in a civil state.Stages: Noble savage=not been "corrupted" by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness. He thinks society's negative influence on men transforms positive self-love, pride.The social contract:submission to the authority of the general will of the people as a whole guarantees individuals against being subordinated to the wills of others and also ensures that they obey themselves because they are, collectively, the authors of the law. Romanticism:revolt against the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, attribution of a spiritual value to the beauty of nature helped formed the attitudes within the period of time towards nature and religion.
Theory of perception:thus offering a non-empiricist critique of rationalist philosophyAnalytical : predicate concept is contained in its subject concept All bachelors are unmarriedSynthetic: predicate concept is not contained in its subject concept All bachelors are happyMoral Philosophy: Believed that the moral law is a principle of reason itself.Kantianism:
