This document discusses gatekeeping in media. It begins by introducing the presenters and outlining the contents to be covered, including introductions to gatekeeping, gatekeepers, the history of gatekeeping theory, types of gatekeeping, and factors that influence the gatekeeping process. It then provides definitions of gatekeeping as the filtering of information by individuals or groups to determine what gets published. It also defines gatekeepers as those in charge of this filtering process. The document outlines several scholars' views on gatekeeping and discusses the core assumptions, functions, benefits, criticisms, and applications of gatekeeping theory.

3. PRESENTERS…..
 MASHAL MALHI
 MARIYA IQBAL
 SAIRA KHAN

4. CONTENTS…..
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INTRODUCTION
GATEKEEPING IN MEDIA
GATEKEEPERS
GATEKEEPERS IN MEDIA
HISTORY
SCHOLARS’ VIEWS
CORE ASSUMPTIONS AND STATEMENTS
TYPES OF GATEKEEPING
FECTORS EFFECTING ON GATE KEEPING
GATE KEEPING PROCESS
FUNCTIONS OF GATEKEEPING
BENEFITS
CRITICISM
CONCLUSION

5. Introduction
“Gatekeeping is a selection process in which all the
information within a medium is organized by level of
importance by a person or group in order to determine
how much of that information gets published.”
“The activity of controlling, and usually limiting,
general access to something.”

6. GATEKEEPING IN MEDIA…..
 Gatekeeping is a media term used to describe the
filtering of stars and coverage through television and
print.
 This derives from the gate in a camera through which
the film has to pass before it is broadcast to the
targeted audience.
 A message has to pass through many gates (filters)
before it reaches its audience. This means that a
selection of media topics are chosen to be presented to
different audiences through different forms of media.

7. Gatekeepers:
One that is in charge
of passage through a gate.
One who monitors or
oversees the actions of others.

8. Gatekeepers in media…..
Gatekeepers in the media are the same. They have many
more messages --stories, ads, movies, television shows,
songs, etc.--to send than they can accommodate. So they
decide which messages get through, which stories will
appear in today's paper, which television shows will be
broadcast, which songs to broadcast, etc. Newspaper
editors, news directors, and others in the media .
The gatekeeper is having its own influence like
social, cultural, ethical and political. Based on personal or
social influences they let the information to the group.
Through this process the unwanted, sensible and
controversial information’s are removed by the gate keeper
which helps to control the society.

9. History!......
 The first use of “gatekeeping” term was in 1947 by Kurt
Lewin, psychologist. His studies focused on how a person behavior changed
when they are connected with a group of people.
 He used this term to describe a wife or mother as the person who
decides which foods end up on the family's dinner table. (Lewin, 1947).
The gatekeeper is the person who decides what shall pass through each
gate section, of which, in any process, there are several. Although he
applied it originally to the food chain, he then added that the gating
process can include a news item winding through communication
channels in a group. This is the point from which most gatekeeper
studies in communication are launched.
 White (1961) was the person who seized upon Lewin's comments and
turned it solidly toward journalism in 1950.
 In the 1970s McCombs and Shaw took a different direction when they
looked at the effects of gatekeepers' decisions. They found the audience
learns how much importance to attach to a news item from the
emphasis the media place on it. McCombs and Shaw pointed out that
the gatekeeping concept is related to the newer concept, agendasetting. (McCombs et al, 1976). The gatekeeper concept is now 50 years
old and has slipped into the language of many disciplines, including
gatekeeping in organizations.

10. Scholars’ overview
David Mann White (1950) suggested the selection
process in newspapers and argued that news items were
rejected for three reasons:
1.personal feelings of the gatekeeper
2. insufficient space
3. The story had appeared previously

11. David Manning White’s adaptation of the gate
keeping model
N-Sources of news
N1,N2,N3,N4-News items
N1,N4-Discarded news
N2,N3-Selected news
M-Audience
O-Gates

12. Pamale Shoe maker
•
Gatekeeping is “the process of culling and crafting
countless bits of information into the limited number of
messages that reach people each day. . .” the center of the
mass media’s role in society.
Maxwell mcCombs and Donald Shaw
• 1970 Maxwell mcCombs and Donald Shaw pointed
out that the gate keeping concept is related to newer
agenda setting theory.

13. Bass double action model of news..
Presented in 1969
 He explained that…
the process of gatekeeping is divided
into two folds!
News gathering
News processing

14. Process…………..
RAW NEWSe.g(writer,reporte
r,source,editor)
NEWS Processinge.g(editor,copy
reader,translator)
Raw news
News
gathering
News
processing
Complete
product
News copy

15. Core Assumptions and statements
 The gatekeeper decides which information will go
forward, and which will not.
 In other words a gatekeeper in a social system decides
which of a certain commodity – materials, goods, and
information – may enter the system. Important to
realize is that gatekeepers are able to control the
public’s knowledge of the actual events by letting some
stories pass through the system but keeping others
out.

16. Conti…….
 Gatekeepers can also be seen as institutions or organizations. In
a political system there are gatekeepers, individuals or
institutions which control access to positions of power and
regulate the flow of information and political influence.
 Gatekeepers exist in many jobs, and their choices hold the
potential to color mental pictures that are subsequently created
in people’s understanding of what is happening in the world
around them.
 Media gatekeeping showed that decision making is based on
principles of news values, organizational routines, input
structure and common sense.
 Gatekeeping is vital in communication planning and almost al
communication planning roles include some aspect of
gatekeeping.

17. conti…..
 There are not hard and fast rules for gatekeeping.It
varies from country to country, culture to culture and
also depends on policy of particular newspaper or
news channels that to choose or discard a news.
 One can say that the process of gatekeeping is very
important at both news gathering and news
processing stage.
 It is interesting fact that the audience also act as
gatekeepers, when they select or reject the information
considering their interest and tempts.

18.  The gatekeeper’s choices are a complex web of
influences, preferences, motives and common values.
Gatekeeping is inevitable and in some circumstances it
can be useful.
 Gatekeeping can also be dangerous, since it can lead to
an abuse of power by deciding what information to
discard and what to let pass. Nevertheless, gatekeeping
is often a routine, guided by some set of standard
questions.
 Gatekeeping regulate the flow of information.

19. TYPES OF
GATEKEEPING
intentional
In Newspaper
• Reporters
• Editors
• Owners
• Government
• Pressure Groups

20. In Film
•Producer
• Censor Board
• Director

21. Types……
unintentional
In Newspaper
•If reporter is
not allowed to
enter because
time is over.
•Lack of space
for editor for
publishing of news
In Film
• Script is too large.
• Budget .

22. Factors effecting on gatekeeping!!!
 Ideology…..
ideology of any country force the reporters or anyone
involved in any matter or publishing news ,to be loyal and stop
the news that is not good for the solidarity of the country.
E.g….any Israeli newspaper wil not write against Holocaust.
 Policies…..
Every newspaper and channel has its own policy to whom
against they can’t write or broadcast any unfavorable
material,infact they filter out the news.
E.g…..Nawa-i-waqt supports Muslim league so don’t criticize it in
any decision.

23. Cont…………
 Social values….
It effects the process of objectivity.Any such news will not
be appreciated which clashes or colides with social, cultural
values of any society or country.
 Personal feelings….
If a reporter has his personal feelings involved with the
matter ,any relation with the victim, the process of gate keeping
affects editor is the ultimate power to effect the news.

24. Process of gate keeping……
Such news that collides with the ideology, social
values, culture and personal relations, will not be
published. Any such news will be
stopped,pend,manipulate,
content and time of the day is interpreted in such a way so
to change or mild down the effect and meaning of the
news. Gate keeping is widely used in mass media to protect
personal interests and relations. But with the passage of
time the reader is becoming smatter and smatter and one
understands quickly the purpose of the news published or
even not published .Gate keeping can lost its value and one
will has to give importance to objectivity and coplete truth.

25. Scope and Application
This theory is related to the mass media and organizations. In
the mass media the focus is on the organizational structure of
newsrooms and events. Gatekeeping is also an important in
organizations, since employees and management are using ways
of influence.Moreover it is being used in……
 information science
 Management
 political science
 communication studies
 Law
 Public affairs
 Sociology
 Example
A wire service editor decides alone what news audiences will
receive from another continent. The idea is that if the
gatekeeper’s selections are biased, the readers’ understanding
will therefore be a little biased.

26. Functions of gatekeeping
 To limit the information
 To expand the information
 To reinterpret the information
 Setting Agenda

27. benefits

28. Criticism
 Abuse of power
 Agenda setting effects

29. Conclusion
Gate keeping is a process of how
information moves from source to
receiver. The gate keeping studies is
the process that forces operating on
more than individuals levels, also
the routine level play a important
role in the decision of journalistic
making. When gatekeepers possess
have values such as transparency
and honesty the result is targeted
information, otherwise gatekeeping
is used for personal gain.