1. LOGO
Ultrasound as a green
activator
Green chemistry
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2. Contents
Introduction
Power of ultrasound
Ultrasonic devices
Application
Conclusion
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3. 1 Introduction
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4. 1 Introduction
sonocatalysis
sonochemistry
homogeneous heterogeneous
sonochemistry sonochemistry
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5. 2 Power of ultrasound
Cavitation
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6. 2 Power of ultrasound
The formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in
a liquid
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7. 2 Power of ultrasound
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8. 3 Ultrasonic devices
ultrasonic bath
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9. 3 Ultrasonic devices
ultrasonic horn
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10. 4. Application of ultrasound
Organic
synthesis
Sono Material
Therapy
chemistry science
Food
industry
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11. 4. Application of ultrasound
Natural
Organic
dye
synthesis
extraction
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12. 4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement
in natural dye extraction.
health
carcinogens
hazards
Synthetic dyes
(10–35%)
Environment
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13. 4.1 Ultrasound assisted enhancement
in natural dye extraction.
Good alternative
good colorant
yield
Beetroot
non non
toxic allergic
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19. 4.1 Benefits
Ultrasound in beetroot
dyeing process
Environmental Economic
benefits benefits
improvements in
exhaustion
Recycle yields of extract
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20. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of
HMMBI
HMMBI ?
as a base compound of some pharmaceutical products : an antidepressant,
epilepsies therapy,...
5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1- benzylimidazole

22. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis of
HMMBI
Sono-synthetic Control method
 Sonicate  Mix for a long time
- Indirectly with 500kHZ
- Directly with 20kHZ
apparatus
at 7 0C 90% 70% about
after half an hour 72 h

23. 20kHz directly 500kHz indirectly

24. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
 Synthesis under control and indirect sonication
(500 kHz)
 Synthesis under direct sonication (20 kHz)
 Synthesis under different acoustic powers

25. INDIRECT SONO 500kHz vs Classic

26. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
9.4 times
2.6 times
at 250C
at 70C

27. SONO 20kHz vs CLASSIC

28. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
3.8 times
at 250c

29. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
The yield was higher in direct
sonication than indirect one,
especially at lower temperature
(70C).
9,7 9,4

30. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
Synthesis under different acoustic powers

31. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
Low temperature The best
High acoustic power result

32. 4.2 Ultrasound improves the synthesis
of HMMBI
 ULTRASOUND
enhanced the yield of
HMMBI to about
10 times
under CONVENTIONAL
CONDITIONS.

33. Conclusion
Increase
energy
Prevent efficiency
waste
Minimize the
Use safer potential for
solvents and accidents
reaction
conditions
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34. Thank you
for listening

35. References
 Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar *, J. Lakshmi Anna, J. Vijayeeswarri,’ Ultrasound assisted
enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural
dyeing of leather’,2009.
 Mohammad H. Entezari*, Azam Asghari, ‘Ultrasound improves the synthesis of 5-
hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-1-benzylimidazole as a base compound of some pharmaceutical
products’,2008.
 ]. Timothy J. Mason, John P. Lorimer, Applied sonochemistry: Uses of power ultrasound in
chemistry and processing, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.

36. Temperature

37. Temperature

38. Microjet
There are two types of effects mediated by ultrasound: chemical and physical. When the quantity of bubbles is low –
using standard laboratory equipment - it is mainly physical rate acceleration that plays a role. For example, a specific
effect is the asymmetric collapse near a solid surface, which forms microjets. This effect is the reason why ultrasound is
very effective in cleaning, and is also responsible for rate acceleration in multiphasic reactions, since surface cleaning
and erosion lead to improved mass transport.