Communication Patterns, Protocols, and Architecture in IoT.

1. IoT Connectivity,
Standards & Architecture
Todd L. Montgomery
@toddlmontgomery
IOTAConf!
October 20-21, 2014!

2. Communication Patterns
Lead to…
Protocols (Standards?)
Lead to…
Architecture
“Fear is the path to the dark side. Fear leads to anger.
Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.”
— Yoda

3. Communication Patterns

4. Request
Response
What most of us think happens

5. Request
Response
And that is… what really happens… but…

6. But… Who does this?
Request
Response
What also really happens

7. Request
Response
@toddlmontgomery
Support
(UI/Device)
Security
(Challenge)
Keep-Alive
or Watchdog
User State
Query

8. News, Stocks, Texts/SMS,
Video, Audio, Social, …
Stream
What also really happens

9. Temperature, Heart Rate, Web Logs, Sensor
Data, Seismic Readings, Steps, Stairs, Gyro
Data, GPS, Acceleration, Breathing, EKG, EEG,
…
Ingest
What also really happens

10. Pretty much how everything
actually works…
Request
Stream & Ingest
Response
What also really happens

11. What also REALLY happens

12. Request, Response, Stream,
and Ingest are really types
Message
Message
The Break Down
Message-Driven
Message-Driven

13. Message Driven
Reactive Applications
Elastic
Responsive Resilient
http://www.reactivemanifesto.org/

14. Meanwhile… IoT…

16. HTCPCP
RFC 2324, Extended by RFC 7168
"there is a strong, dark, rich requirement for a protocol designed
espressoly [sic] for the brewing of coffee"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_Protocol
@toddlmontgomery

17. @toddlmontgomery

18. BREW
418 I’m a teapot
WHEN
"This has a serious purpose – it identifies
many of the ways in which HTTP has
been extended inappropriately.”
— Larry Masinter, author
http://larry.masinter.net/
@toddlmontgomery

20. courtesy of

21. Sometimes it is good to
reinvent the wheel

22. What History Has Taught Us
@toddlmontgomery

23. THE IoT Language!

24. THE IoT Protocol!

25. THE IoT Runtime!

26. THE IoT ______!

27. Internet of Things
Multi-Lingual
(and Polyglot)
Multi-Protocol &
Multi-Standard
Multi-“Platform” Massive Scale
Highly Integrated
What is already is…

28. Connected. Integrated.
Great time to be a protocol geek!

29. pro·to·col noun ˈprō-tə-ˌkȯl, -ˌkōl, -ˌkäl, -kəl
@toddlmontgomery
!
...
!
3 b : a set of conventions governing the treatment and especially the
formatting of data in an electronic communications
system <network protocols>
...
3 a : a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette
and precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the military
services) <a breach of protocol>
!

30. Protocols are the key to Integration
REST has demonstrated this!
@toddlmontgomery

31. Protocols & Standards
@toddlmontgomery

32. Binary Encoding helps save CPU & Bandwidth!
Persistent connections help a LOT! (fewer frames)
Well designed protocols help a LOT MORE!
Battery Life
Many simultaneous connections hurt!
Using the wrong protocol with the wrong pattern hurts A LOT!
@toddlmontgomery
Stay out of High
Energy State!
One reason why we should care about Protocols…
ASCII Encoding hurts CPU & Bandwidth!

33. HTTP
RFC 2068, 2616, …, 7230-7240
Request
Response
Synchronous
Request/Response
@toddlmontgomery
Bi-Directional… kinda,
but…
Event
Event
June 2014
… only
one direction
at-a-time

34. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_service_specifications
Request
ACK
Response
ACK
@toddlmontgomery
Sync
Request
Sync
Response
Web Services
…
Event
Event
But… Async Request/Response… kinda
No, seriously,
lots of these!!

35. HTTP Upgrade
101 Switch
Events Events
@toddlmontgomery
Async
Request/
Response
Really a
Transport
Protocol
Streaming
WebSocket
RFC 6455
Full Duplex, Asynchronous
“TCP over the Web”
Ingest
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455

36. Events Events
@toddlmontgomery
Async
Request
Async
Response
SPDY & HTTP/2
IETF Drafts
Async Request/Response
Multiple Streams
Efficient Headers (HPACK)
Binary Encoding
http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-14.txt

37. There is emerging implementation experience and interest in a protocol that
retains the semantics of HTTP without the legacy of HTTP/1.x message
framing and syntax, which have been identified as hampering performance and
encouraging misuse of the underlying transport.
— IETF httpbis Charter
http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/charter/

38. Events Events
@toddlmontgomery
Async
Request
Async
Response
WebSocket over HTTP/2
IETF Draft
Streaming Ingest
Full Duplex, Asynchronous
with Multiple Channels/Streams
http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-hirano-httpbis-websocket-over-http2-01.txt

39. Runs over TCP
or WebSocket (v3.1.1)
Broker-Based
MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
@toddlmontgomery
http://mqtt.org/
Lightweight
Publish/Subscribe
Messaging Transport
MQTT-SN for non-TCP/IP
OASIS Standard

40. Constrained Application Protocol
(CoAP)
IETF CoRE WG (Constrained RESTful Environments)
@toddlmontgomery
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252
Runs over UDP, DTLS,
or WebSocket
Request/Response
(either direction),
Publish/Subscribe
Standardized HTTP
Mapping
Resource Discovery,
Linking, etc.
RFC 7252

41. Extensible Messaging &
Presence Protocol (XMPP)
@toddlmontgomery
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6120
Brokered
TCP + TLS + SASL
Presence & Persistent
Streams
XMPP Standards
Foundation
(Semi) Structured
XML
IETF RFC 6120 (obsoletes 3920)

42. XMPP
HTTP/1.1
Protocols?
Shared Memory IPC
CoAP AMQP
WebSocket
JMS
WebRTC
Not just in the traditional sense…
MQTT
HTTP/2
TCP/UDP/IP
Aeron 0MQ
DDS

43. Architectures
@toddlmontgomery

44. Micro-Services Architectures
http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html
@toddlmontgomery

45. Rx
Languages
Erlang
& Elixir
Go
And Frameworks
RxJS
RxJava
Akka
Streams
Akka Rust

46. @toddlmontgomery
Client? Device?
Browser?
Back-End? DMZ?
Protocols Protocols Protocols

47. Micro Architecture
@toddlmontgomery

48. Protocols
Deployment Container
Nuklei
Logic
Reactive
Message Stream
Depends on language,
runtime, platform, etc.
Asynchronous
Binary
“Loose” Ordering
Client? Server? Browser? Device? ALL!

49. Choice of protocols becomes
deployment concern
Protocols
Deployment Container
Nuklei
Logic
Reactive
Message Stream
Consistent
ABI
Various
Protocol
Options
Asynchronous Binary Boundary

50. Message
Message
To Sum Up
Message-Driven
Message-Driven

51. @toddlmontgomery
Questions?
• Kaazing http://www.kaazing.com
• GitHub https://github.com/kaazing
• Reactive Manifesto http://www.reactivemanifesto.com
• SlideShare http://www.slideshare.com/toddleemontgomery
• Twitter @toddlmontgomery
Thank You!