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CSTD 2011 Practice makes perfect revisted
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CSTD 2011 Practice makes perfect revisted
1.
Practice Makes Perfect
Revisited New ways to use practice and feedback to build expertise CSTD Conference November 17, 2011
2.
Practice in the
Popular Press © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 2
3.
The Original Research ©
2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 3
4.
© 2010 Global
Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 4
5.
Practice Makes Perfect
(or does it?) 1. What is expertise? What truly separates experts from novices? 2. How is expertise developed? (Hint: It’s all about the practice) 3. Implications for Training and Development How can we use this research to improve our effectiveness © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 5
6.
Agenda
What is expertise? How is expertise developed? The new practice Implications for the learning professional and the training function Q&A © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 6
7.
What Defines An
Expert? They perceive more They know more They plan, reflect and adjust more quickly They use networks more effectively They draw on tacit knowledge and practical intelligence to solve problems © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 7
8.
The Novices to
Expert Progression Sees Part of Tacit Informal intuition patterns the system Knowledge learning Expert Proficient Competent Advanced Beginner Novice rules Considers Detached Explicit Formal everything Observer knowledge learning © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 8
9.
The Neuroscience of
Expertise © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 9
10.
The Limits of
Experts Difficulty articulating tacit knowledge Expertise blinders Individual accounts of expertise are often unreliable © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 10
11.
Agenda
What is expertise? How is expertise developed? The new practice Implications for the learning professional and the training function Q&A © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 11
12.
How Expertise is
NOT Developed Innate General Experience abilities abilities © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 12
13.
Deliberate Practice
Years of effortful, focused practice on authentic tasks in an environment of continuous feedback and support, accompanied by self- reflection and correction © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 13
14.
Essentials of Deliberate
Practice © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 14
15.
Tichy’s Learning Zone
Deliberate practice is demanding and requires high levels of focus and concentration…. …but the task must not be beyond reach © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 15
16.
Essentials of deliberate
practice © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 16
17.
Repetition with Continuous
Feedback Avoids Plateau Plateau © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 17
18.
Essentials of Deliberate
Practice © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 18
19.
The 10,000 Hour
Rule Deliberate practice X 10,000 hours = Expert performance © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 19
20.
10,000 Hours to
Expertise….Really? Task Variety Routine Technician Craft Knowledge Work Work Work Work Task Standardization 1,000 hrs. 10,000 hrs. Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge Formal Learning Informal learning © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 20
21.
Essentials of Deliberate
Practice © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 21
22.
UPS Driver Training What
elements of deliberate practice do you see? © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 22
23.
Deliberate Practice at
Work Performance goal Domain Knowledge Practical Intelligence Tacit Knowledge © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 23
24.
Agenda
What is expertise? How is expertise developed? The new practice Implications for the learning professional and the training function Q&A © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 24
25.
Supporting the Deliberate
Practice Cycle Performance goal Domain Knowledge Practical Intelligence Tacit knowledge © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 25
26.
The New Practice
Action learning Cognitive apprenticeship Communities of practice Simulation Feedback in the workflow Job assignments with coaching © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 26
27.
Action Learning
A Problem An Action Learning team. An action taken on the problem A process of guided questioning and reflection An Action Learning coach Action learning sets © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 27
28.
Guided Experience in
Management Development Experiences (from managers) Reflection insights Application Impacts and learning (individual/group) (on job) (on organization) Concepts (from resources) Adapted from Mintzberg, Managers not MBA’s © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 28
29.
Cognitive Apprenticeship
Teach novice employees the mental processes experts use to solve complex problems or tasks. Targets cognitive and meta-cognitive skills Makes thinking and problem-solving processes visible and open to reflection and modification. Experts coaches and support novices as they learn solve problems in context Scaffolding is a gradual release of support as novices build skill © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 29
30.
Communities of Practice
(CoP) Community of Practice A group of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and capability for action through interacting and collaborating with others in the community on an ongoing basis Domain Community Practice The professional field The people that The work of the of work and areas of participate in the community. Actions, problem solving and community and their knowledge innovation corresponding roles repositories, and (formal and informal) learning generated in the course of working © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 30
31.
GK Community of
Practice © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 31
32.
Informal Learning Assets
and CoP © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 32
33.
Simulation
Surrogate for experience Embedded in context Deliberate practice with authentic tasks Learning by doing © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 33
34.
Image of our
simulation © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 34
35.
© 2010 Global
Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 35
36.
Feedback in the
Workflow © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 36
37.
Developmental Assignments with Coaching
Challenge driven assignments Action oriented Coaching feedback Reflection Builds tacit knowledge and practical intelligence © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 37
38.
Summary
Expert performers have highly refined perceptual skills, domain knowledge and practical intelligence These skills are developed through years of targeted and deliberate practice The elements of deliberate practice can be supported and enhanced by providing resources to support each element in the deliberate practice cycle The methods transcend the formal/informal learning debate New methods of practice support learning more effectively than learning exercises designed for traditional classroom training © 2010 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 38
39.
© 2010 Global
Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 39
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