ecological resiliene, stability, buffer zone, corridor

1. Touqeer yasir
Ecological resilience

2. Definition
 "The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and
reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain
essentially the same function, structure, identity, and
feedbacks"

3.  Holling (1973) introduced the word resilience
 Different scholar give different definition
 Holling describe resilience to describe three aspects of changes that
occur in an ecosystem over time.

4. First
 The first was to describe the “persistence of
relationships within a system” and the “ability of
systems to absorb changes of state variables, driving
variables and parameters, and still persist.”

5. Second
 The second concept recognized the occurrence of
alternative and multiple states as opposed to the
assumption of a single equilibrium and global stability;
hence, resilience was “the size of a stability domain or
the amount of disturbance a system could take before it
shifted into alternative configuration.”

6. third
 The third insight was the surprising and discontinuous
nature of change, such as the collapse of fish stocks or
the sudden outbreak of spruce budworms in forests.

7. Types
 Two types
 Engineering
 Ecological

8. Engineering & Ecological
 Engineering resilience is defined as the rate or speed of
recovery of a system following a shock.
 the magnitude of a disturbance that triggers a shift
between alternative states

9. Ecological regime shifts
 regime shifts are large, abrupt, persistent changes in the
structure and function of a system. A regime is a
characteristic behaviour of a system which is maintained
by mutually reinforced processes or feedbacks.

11. First analysis
 the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
(IIASA)
 use
 budworm population, predation effectiveness, and the
volume of forest canopy

12. What a resilient world would value
 Walker and Salt (2006)
 suggest 9 points

13.  Diversity
 Ecological Variability
 Modularity
 Acknowledging Slow Variables
 Tight Feedbacks
 Social Capital
 Innovation
 Overlap in Governance
 Ecosystem Services

14. Diversity
 A resilient world would promote and sustain diversity in
all forms (biological, landscape, social, and economic).

15. Ecological Variability
 A resilient world would embrace and work with
ecological variability (rather than attempting to control
and reduce it).

16. Modularity
 A resilient world would consist of modular components

17. Acknowledging Slow Variables
 A resilient world would have a policy focus on “slow,”
controlling variables associated with thresholds.

18. Tight Feedbacks
 A resilient world would possess tight feedbacks (but not
too tight).

19. Social Capital
 A resilient world would promote trust, well-developed
social networks, and leadership (adaptability).

20. Innovation
 A resilient world would place an emphasis on learning,
experimentation, locally developed rules, and
embracing change.

21. Overlap in Governance
 A resilient world would have institutions that include
“redundancy” in their governance structures and a mix
of common and private property with over- lapping
access rights.

22. Ecosystem Services
 A resilient world would include all the unpriced
ecosystem services in development proposals and
assessments.

23. How does resilience work
 Exploitation
 Conservation
 Release
 Reorganization

25. Stability
 Ecological stability can refer to types of stability in a
continuum ranging from regeneration via resilience
(returning quickly to a previous state), to constancy to
persistence

26. Types
 Constancy
 Resistance and dormancy

27. Constancy
 Observational studies of ecosystems use constancy to
describe living systems that can remain unchanged

28. Resistance and dormancy
 Resistance and dormancy manage a framework's
intrinsic reaction to some irritation. An irritation is any
remotely forced change in conditions, for the most part
event in a brief timeframe period. Resistance is a
measure of how little the variable of intrigue changes
because of outer weights

29. Buffer zone

30.  “A buffer zone is an area lying between two or more others and
serving to reduce the possibility of damaging interactions
between them”

32.  This approach is widely used in nature conservation, but
is also applied in geo-politics (for example, the former
East/West border in Europe and the zone between the
two Koreas), in veterinary problem areas (swine fever)
and in cases of contagious diseases (Ebola virus).

33.  Nature conservationists distinguish two
different ways of approaching the buffer
zone issue. For the ‘hard-core’
conservationists, the buffer zone serves
only to avoid negative human impact on the
core area. The socio-conservationists see
the buffer zone as a part of the socio-
economic development of the entire area
comprising conservation and non-
conservation sub-areas.

34. Approaches in Buffer Zone
Management

35. Approaches in Buffer Zone
Management
 The bi-polar approach is applied in the
LUP, MAB programmer and ICDP. In all
three cases socio-economic development
plays a crucial role, despite the fact that
ICDP takes conservation as its starting
point and covers smaller areas, while MAB
focuses more on people and larger areas.
Strictly protected areas (reserves) may have
buffer zones around them, normally to
minimize the impact of human activities on
the protected area itself.

36.  Resistance and dormancy manage a framework's intrinsic reaction to
some irritation. An irritation is any remotely forced change in
conditions, for the most part event in a brief timeframe period.
Resistance is a measure of how little the variable of intrigue changes
because of outer weights

37.  In Western Europe the zoning principle, including buffer zones, is
applied in LUP exercises. An example is the protection of wetlands,
around which a zone with an artificially high water level is
maintained in order to avoid drying out of the wetlands. This zone is
in fact a buffer zone.

38. Corridor

39. Definition
 Corridors are long, thin strips of habitat that connect
otherwise isolated habitat patches

41.  They are thought to reduce local extinction by ‘‘rescuing’’ isolated
populations and by promoting gene flow. Indeed, recent studies have
demonstrated that corridors can increase animal movement between
patches increase population sizes increase gene flow and maintain
biodiversity.

42. Types
 Regional
 Sub-regional
 Local

43. Regional
 500m wide
 connect major ecological gradients such as migratory
pathways

44. Sub-regional
 300m wide
 connect larger vegetated landscape features such as
ridgelines and valley floors

45. Local
 50m
 connect remnant patches of gullies, wetlands, ridgelines,
etc

46. Purpose
 The main goal of implementing habitat corridors is to
increase biodiversity
 Corridors can contribute to three factors that stabilize a
population

47.  Colonization animals are able to move and occupy new areas when food sources
or other natural resources are lacking in their core habitat.
 Migration species that relocate seasonally can do so more safely and effectively
when it does not interfere with human development barriers.
 Interbreeding animals can find new mates in neighboring regions so that genetic
diversity can increase and thus have a positive impact on the overall population.