prasentation

1. NAPHTHA CRACKING
RANJIT KUMAR KUSH
CSJMA14001390216
CHEMICAL ENGG
SUBMITTED T0
Dr. BRISHTI MITRA
HOD (CHEMICAL) 1

2. CONTENT
• NAPHTHA
• PROPERTY OF NAPTHA
• CRACKING
• NEED FOR CRACKING
• NAPTHA CRACKING
• USE OF NAPTHA
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
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3. NAPHTHA
• Naphtha is naturally
occuring liquid
petroleum.
• Naphtha is a complex
mixture of
hydrocarbon.
• Naphtha is produced
by distillation of crude
oil.
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4. PROPERTY OF NAPHTHA
• Boiling range of naphtha's are 85 ⁰c to 200 ⁰c.
• Naphtha is a colorless to reddish brown liquid.
• Naphtha is a volatile aromatic compound also.
• Naphtha is light poisonous also.
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5. CLASSIFICATION OF NAPHTHA
• Naphtha fraction boils below 100 ⁰c is
called light naphtha.
• Naphtha fraction boils above 100 ⁰c to
below 150 ⁰c is called intermediate.
• Naphtha fraction boils above 150 ⁰c is
called heavy naphtha.
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6. CRACKING
• It is a process where
long chain
hydrocarbon breaks
in to lighter
hydrocarbon.
• Cracking rate is
strongly depends
upon catalyst and
temperature.
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7. NEED FOR CRACKING
• For producing petrol
the most valuable
fraction is naphtha.
• It is used as feedstock in
petroleum industry.
• To produce most
valuable from valuable
product.
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8. NAPHTHA CRACKING
THREE TYPES OF CRACKING
• HYDROCRACKING
• CATALYTIC CRACKING
• STEAM CRACKING
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9. HYDROCRACKING
• It is carried out with presence of hydrogen.
• The pressure of reactor is 80 atm.
• It is also used for cracking of heavy gas
oil.
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10. CATALYTIC CRACKING
• the feed stock is gas
oil.
• The temperature of
the reactor is 450 ⁰c
to 550 ⁰c
• After cracking the
catalyst is separated
from product.
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11. STEAM CRACKING
• It is most technically
complex plant.
• It is energy intensive
plant in chemical
industry.
• It is operated at 100 K
to 1400 K.
• Pressure of steam
distillation is 100 atm.
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12. REACTION IN STEAM CRACKING
CH3 -CH3 H3C⁰ + H3C⁰
H3C⁰ + CH3 - CH3 CH4 + H3C – C⁰H2
H3C - C⁰H2 H2C = CH2 + H⁰
H⁰ + H3C – CH3 H2 + H3C - C⁰H2
H3C – C⁰H2 etc.
H⁰ + H⁰ H2
H3C – C⁰H2 + H3C⁰ H2C = CH2 + CH4
Initiation
propagation
termination
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13. PROCESS OF STEAM CRACKING
NAPHTHA
PYROLYSIS SECTION
FRACTIONAL AND
SEPRATION SECTION PRODUCT RECOVERY
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14. PYROLYSIS SECTION
• It is carried out in a tube steal furnace.
• The temperature of the furnace is 800 ⁰c.
• Steam to naphtha ratio is 0.6 kg/kg.
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15. PRODUCT OUT FROM CRACKING
NAPHTHA
product out
ethylene -> 24%
propylene -> 20%
butadiene -> 3%
ether -> 25%
other -> 27%
BTX -> 1%
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16. USE OF NAPHTHA
• Naptha is used as gasoline at high octane
number.
• Naptha is used as solvent steam cracker in
industry.
• Thinner for paints, varnishes.
• Used for commercial solvent like rubber.
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17. CONCLUSION
• Naphthas are called petroleum ether,
petroleum sprit, mineral spirits, paraffin,
benzene, white oils and refined solvent.
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18. REFERENCES
• Dr Ram Prasad (2010).petroleum refining
technology. Khanna publications.
• Heinz Heinemann. Fundamentals of
petroleum and petrochemical engineering.
Uttam ray chaudhari.
• www.collactioncare.org
• www.essentialchemicalindustry.org
• en.wikipedia.org
• http://giphy.com
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