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An Introduction to Urban Design
22 March 2016
Colin Hattingh
SOUTH AFRICA
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
THEORY
PRACTICE
Differing
roles
& focus
WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN ?
“…for all our investment in the complexity of
individual buildings on the one hand & in
elaborate engineering infrastructures on the
other, we have failed to achieve a humane
and coherent physical setting for human life”
Gosling & Maitland: Concepts of Urban Design,
1984
Urban design is concerned with the
design of the buildings, places,
spaces and networks that make up
our towns and cities, and the ways
people use them.
It ranges in scale from a
metropolitan region, city or town
down to a street, public space or
even a single building.
Urban design is concerned not just
with appearances and built form but
with the environmental, economic,
social and cultural consequences of
design.
It is an approach that draws together
many different sectors and
professions, and it includes both the
process of decision-making as well
as the outcomes of design.
creating memorable places...
THE ART OF DESIGNING THE
PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT OF A CITY,
INCLUDING THE INTERFACE
BETWEEN PRIVATE PROPERTIES
AND THE PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT
CITY DESIGN
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
CIVIC DESIGN
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
PALEY PARK
BRYANT
PARK
FEDERATION SQUARE
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
FUNCTIONALITY
FIT
MEANINGFULNESS
VARIETY
INTEGRATION
CHOICE
CUSTODIANSHIP
LIVEABLE
COORDINATION
CHOICE
CUSTODIANSHIPVIBRANT
Context:
seeing buildings, places
and spaces as part of
whole towns and cities
Character:
reflecting and enhancing the
distinctive character, heritage
and identity of our urban
environment
Connections:
enhancing how different
networks link together for
people
Choice:
ensuring diversity and
choice for people
Creativity:
encouraging innovative
and imaginative
solutions
Custodianship:
ensuring design is
environmentally sustainable,
safe and healthy
Collaboration:
communicating and sharing
knowledge across sectors,
professions and with
communities.
VISTA outlines
Hamilton’s
expectations for better
designed
environments. The
guide highlights key
urban design
principles considered
fundamental to
Hamilton’s
development as a
dynamic, prosperous,
memorable and
sustainable city.
METROPOLIS CITY PLANNING
REGION
DISTRICT PRECINCT SITE BUILDING
Physical aspects
Metaphysical aspects
What is your favourite place and why?
Physical Characteristics
(buildings, roads, trees, shade, water, landmarks, pedestrians,
vistas, facilities, ridges, proportion, arcades, sunlight, colour,
scale, space…)
Metaphysical Characteristics
Metaphysics investigates principles of reality transcending
those of any particular science. Concerned with explaining the
fundamental nature of being and the world – “Intangibles”.
(safety, character, cosmopolitan, vibrant, clean, legible,
atmosphere, memorable, welcoming, interesting, sense of
place, sterile…)
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
UD IS NOT….
URBAN COSMETICS
IS NOT ABOUT
PAVING PATTERNS
STREET FURNITURE
TREES
An introduction to urban design
Why?
“DESIGN DISJUNCTURE:
SCENIC SPLENDOUR
MEETS URBAN MEDIOCRITY”
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
PDP
Second Generation Plan
Introduction of urban design Objectives and Policies to
ensure that the Plan reflects and aligns with the
commitments that Council has made to improve urban
design outcomes through RMA processes.
From ‘rules-dominated’ design response 
Outcome focussed ‘design-with-rules’
Change in Approach
RD Status in the Plan
Central City rules and standards set a
baseline expectation:
• Rules & Standards guide applicants as to what is acceptable
• A breach of rules would lead to an RD assessment on that
matter which has been failed
• Guided by:
– Objectives & Polices
– Relevant assessment criteria
– Relevant Design guidance
• If its good enough, rules can be broken
Why RD?
• Have the ability to enter a dialogue with the applicant and could
advise the applicant that the building proposed does not result in an
acceptable outcome in relation to the objectives and policies and
has not adequately considered the matters of discretion.
• Discussion would use Rules and Standards as a starting point and
benchmark of what is expected.
• PDP has a range of criteria to be
used in assessing resource
consents
• Particular Interest
–B Design and Layout (36)
–C Character and Amenity (28)
Assessment Criteria
B23 (Central City Zone)
“Whether the design of the
external façade relates to
and compliments the
surrounding architectural
form, and breaks down the
scale of the building so as
not to create a large
featureless building façade”
B 35 (Residential Activities)
“The extent to which the design of residential
development will provide visual interest and passive
surveillance of public spaces and streets”.
An introduction to urban design
CityGate
Centre Place
CONCEPT – INTERSECTION UPGRADE
Ward and Anglesea Streets
The Warehouse
Colour paving to pedestrian
crossing
New trees and
benches
New trees
& benches
Left turn lane removed
Planted
median
Existing
trees
Not to scale
Dick
Smith
New trees
Stairs to
plaza
An introduction to urban design
• Consider row or terrace building typology
• Units oriented parallel to street
• Designed to overlook street and provide street address
• Improved CPTED outcomes
• Provide rear access lane
• Higher intensity away from neighbours
• Define public/private interface
• Celebrate corner
• Provide on site amenity – improved access to sunlight,
outlook
• Reduce hard surfacing increase landscaping
• Visually interesting, unique contemporary designs
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
DOES IT MATTER?
TO CONCLUDE…
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design
City of Arts and Sciences
by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia
Milwaukee Art Museum
Centre Pompidou Modern Art Museum,
Paris
Denver Art Museum Frederic C. Hamilton
Building by Daniel Libeskind
An introduction to urban design
An introduction to urban design

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An introduction to urban design

  • 1. An Introduction to Urban Design 22 March 2016 Colin Hattingh
  • 8. WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN ?
  • 9. “…for all our investment in the complexity of individual buildings on the one hand & in elaborate engineering infrastructures on the other, we have failed to achieve a humane and coherent physical setting for human life” Gosling & Maitland: Concepts of Urban Design, 1984
  • 10. Urban design is concerned with the design of the buildings, places, spaces and networks that make up our towns and cities, and the ways people use them. It ranges in scale from a metropolitan region, city or town down to a street, public space or even a single building. Urban design is concerned not just with appearances and built form but with the environmental, economic, social and cultural consequences of design. It is an approach that draws together many different sectors and professions, and it includes both the process of decision-making as well as the outcomes of design.
  • 11. creating memorable places... THE ART OF DESIGNING THE PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT OF A CITY, INCLUDING THE INTERFACE BETWEEN PRIVATE PROPERTIES AND THE PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT
  • 28. Context: seeing buildings, places and spaces as part of whole towns and cities Character: reflecting and enhancing the distinctive character, heritage and identity of our urban environment
  • 29. Connections: enhancing how different networks link together for people Choice: ensuring diversity and choice for people
  • 30. Creativity: encouraging innovative and imaginative solutions Custodianship: ensuring design is environmentally sustainable, safe and healthy
  • 31. Collaboration: communicating and sharing knowledge across sectors, professions and with communities.
  • 32. VISTA outlines Hamilton’s expectations for better designed environments. The guide highlights key urban design principles considered fundamental to Hamilton’s development as a dynamic, prosperous, memorable and sustainable city.
  • 35. What is your favourite place and why?
  • 36. Physical Characteristics (buildings, roads, trees, shade, water, landmarks, pedestrians, vistas, facilities, ridges, proportion, arcades, sunlight, colour, scale, space…) Metaphysical Characteristics Metaphysics investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. Concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world – “Intangibles”. (safety, character, cosmopolitan, vibrant, clean, legible, atmosphere, memorable, welcoming, interesting, sense of place, sterile…)
  • 39. UD IS NOT…. URBAN COSMETICS
  • 40. IS NOT ABOUT PAVING PATTERNS STREET FURNITURE TREES
  • 42. Why?
  • 46. PDP
  • 47. Second Generation Plan Introduction of urban design Objectives and Policies to ensure that the Plan reflects and aligns with the commitments that Council has made to improve urban design outcomes through RMA processes.
  • 48. From ‘rules-dominated’ design response  Outcome focussed ‘design-with-rules’ Change in Approach
  • 49. RD Status in the Plan Central City rules and standards set a baseline expectation: • Rules & Standards guide applicants as to what is acceptable • A breach of rules would lead to an RD assessment on that matter which has been failed • Guided by: – Objectives & Polices – Relevant assessment criteria – Relevant Design guidance • If its good enough, rules can be broken
  • 50. Why RD? • Have the ability to enter a dialogue with the applicant and could advise the applicant that the building proposed does not result in an acceptable outcome in relation to the objectives and policies and has not adequately considered the matters of discretion. • Discussion would use Rules and Standards as a starting point and benchmark of what is expected.
  • 51. • PDP has a range of criteria to be used in assessing resource consents • Particular Interest –B Design and Layout (36) –C Character and Amenity (28) Assessment Criteria
  • 52. B23 (Central City Zone) “Whether the design of the external façade relates to and compliments the surrounding architectural form, and breaks down the scale of the building so as not to create a large featureless building façade”
  • 53. B 35 (Residential Activities) “The extent to which the design of residential development will provide visual interest and passive surveillance of public spaces and streets”.
  • 55. CityGate Centre Place CONCEPT – INTERSECTION UPGRADE Ward and Anglesea Streets The Warehouse Colour paving to pedestrian crossing New trees and benches New trees & benches Left turn lane removed Planted median Existing trees Not to scale Dick Smith New trees Stairs to plaza
  • 57. • Consider row or terrace building typology • Units oriented parallel to street • Designed to overlook street and provide street address • Improved CPTED outcomes • Provide rear access lane • Higher intensity away from neighbours • Define public/private interface • Celebrate corner • Provide on site amenity – improved access to sunlight, outlook • Reduce hard surfacing increase landscaping • Visually interesting, unique contemporary designs
  • 60. DOES IT MATTER? TO CONCLUDE…
  • 64. City of Arts and Sciences by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia Milwaukee Art Museum
  • 65. Centre Pompidou Modern Art Museum, Paris Denver Art Museum Frederic C. Hamilton Building by Daniel Libeskind

Editor's Notes

  1. Between architecture, urban design and urban planning A = The art or practice of designing & constructing buildings UD = The design & functionality of spaces between buildings UP = The Design & Organisation Of Urban Space & Infrastructure
  2. Get input from the audience
  3. UD developed out of a critique of the built environment late 1950’s, but practiced throughout history.
  4. HCC signatory
  5. What is the public environment? – any area that is accessible to the general public without control or restriction – mainly public spaces, malls, arcades, streets, avenues, parks, waterfront
  6. Where public spaces are arranged in a meaningful city-wide network in accordance with a predetermined overall spatial concept
  7. Paris – The Haussmann Plan – a modernisation programme for Paris commissioned by Napoleon 3 between 1852 and 1870. Was an architect – Jean-Pierre Deschamps who was in charge of the actual drawing of the avenues. Strong controls on buildings along boulevards – floors at the same height, facades main lines had to be identical, quarry stone was mandatory…
  8. Washington
  9. Designed by French artist Architect Major Pierre Charles L’Enfant in 1791 – fired in 1792
  10. Where smaller spaces are individually designed in accordance with their function, significance and desired character
  11. Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City
  12. – The shell-shaped Piazza del Campo is the principal public space of the historic centre of Siena, Italy. It is one of Europe’s greatest medieval city squares and is known worldwide for its beauty and architectural integrity
  13. Paley Park, New York – 390m2. 6.1 m high waterfall, wheel chair ramps, detail design, access directly off the street, movable chairs, trees at 3.7m intervals
  14. 39,000 m² privately-managed public park - most densely occupied urban park in the world
  15. Federation Square – 3.2 ha Victoria’s second most popular tourist attraction, attracting 8.41 million visitors in 2009
  16. Area approximately 0.6 ha – redesign aimed at making space adaptable, multi-functional
  17. 7 UD protocol C’s - Context, Character, Choice, Connections, Creativity, Custodianship and Collaboration
  18. An example – the development of the concept plan for Rototuna suburban centre
  19. 6 design elements – Design Quality, Sense of Place, Access, Public Space, Lifestyle, Sustainability. Also talk about the role of the UD Advisory Panel.
  20. As definition implies – not just the physical form but also the social, economic, cultural, environmental consequences of the built environment. e.g. sprawl, segregation, unsustainable, expensive
  21. Civic pride, More sustainable, Reduce crime, Generate wealth, Prevent the costs of bad design, Its in the public interest to promote and value good design
  22. What are peoples opinions on this…
  23. What the current plan is allowing – the resulting public environment
  24. 2nd Generation Plan ‘Design-Led’ Consistent with City Vision UD provisions within many chapters