1. The document discusses open education and MOOCs, analyzing them across legal, technical, organizational, cultural, and financial layers. It examines the digital education ecosystem involving universities, third parties, government, and technology/market players. 2. Issues in the value chain of open education are discussed, including production costs, transformation costs, maintenance costs, and how platforms control the rules. Diversity challenges are also covered, noting what is desired versus what results from current practices. 3. Recommendations are provided for moving open education forward, such as understanding the value chain, being present at multiple points, using open platforms, involving local communities, having a global outlook, leveraging existing assets, being multilingual