Overview of Open Educational Resources (NSCC Faculty Institute, 6/10/14

@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Open Educational
Resources
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
North Shore Community College | June 10, 2014
Except where
otherwise noted…

SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of
academic and research libraries working to create a
more open system of scholarly communication.
www.sparc.arl.org

Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson

Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com

Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-
williamson/dp/9780132992787

Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/

Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-To-Cover-Solution_4.pdf

Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
prices grew by 28 percent.

$1,207
Average student budget for books and
supplies for the 2013-2014 academic
year
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-
budgets-2013-14

1 in 2
Students say they have at some
point taken fewer courses due to
the cost of textbooks
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

65% of students report skipping a
required textbook because of the
high price
Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/sp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
The vast majority of these students thought it
could hurt their grades

You can’t learn from
materials you can’t
afford

“Broken Economics”

Image CC BY-SA by Willi Heidelbach from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metal_movable_type.jpg

www.sparc.arl.org

Image © yaskii http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-437380p1.htmlwww.sparc.arl.org

Image © from http://tansyfiredragon.blogspot.com/2012/07/chchchchanges.html

Image CC BY-SA by Anita Hart from https://www.flickr.com/photos/anitakhart/4315463180/

Captured from

Image CC BY-SA from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Encyclopaedia_Britannica_15_with_2002.jpg

Captured from http://www.wikipedia.org

Image CC BY by woodleywonderworks https://www.flickr.com/photos/wwworks/3894173886/

Captured from http://sfbay.craigslist.org

Then vs. Now
Analog  Digital
Tethered  Mobile
Concealing  Sharing
Isolated  Connected
Generic  Personal
Consuming  Creating
Closed  Open
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent

“For the first time in human
history we have the tools to
enable everyone to attain all
the education they desire”
— Wiley, Green & Soares
http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-
content/uploads/issues/2012/02/pdf/open_education_reso
urces.pdf

How do we enable
everything the digital
environment makes
possible?

OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES

“OER are textbooks and
other academic materials that
are published online for
everyone to use, adapt and
share freely”

1. Free
(no cost, no barriers)

2. Open
(right to fully use)

Image © from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/11/copyright-hub-lacks-cc-options

“All Rights Reserved” is
like “Call Me Maybe”
Source http://www.soundmagonline.com/copyedit-your-song-titles-maybe-a-history-of-the-comma-in-
no-1-pop-songs/ (used without permission under fair use)
You have to ask
permission
before using ©
material

Open Licensing
Amends the default terms of © to
“Some Rights Reserved” to allow
free and open use

(easy-to-use open licenses)
www.creativecommons.org

Open Licenses
• Permission to freely and openly use
• In advance
• To all users (the public)
• Forever
• With attribution to the author

See www.opencontent.org for full definition.
The “5R’s” of Openness
All users have the right to:
• Retain
• Reuse
• Revise
• Remix
• Redistribute
…with attribution as specified
• Make and own copiesRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The$5Rs$

Source http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2821

Source http://pm4id.org/

Barriers for OER
• Awareness of OER as an option
• Discovery of appropriate OER
• Evaluating the quality of OER
• Logistics of adopting OER
• Sustainable publishing of OER

Two parts:
1. Creating OER
2. Adopting OER

OER Creation Models
• Business models
• Government funding
• Institution funding
• Author incentives
• Open licensing of existing materials

OER Adoption Models
• Individual seek-and-find
• Professional development
• Librarian support
• Incentives
• Search tools
• Awareness campaigns

OpenCourseWare

www.oeconsortium.org

Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/

Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/translated-courses/

http://cnx.org

• Online platform where anyone
can post materials
• Tools to assemble, edit, and
share materials
• Acess in html, pdf, epub,
hardcopy
• CCBY license

Open Publishing
www.sparc.arl.org

Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/

Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/
• 20 open textbooks for high
enrollment courses
• Comparable quality, features to
traditional texts
• Sustainability through
commercial partners
• Authors are compensated for
their work
• $2.3 million student savings

Open Textbook (Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics

http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=-
1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405

http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student-costs-enhance-learning

http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student-costs-enhance-learning
• OSU Library, Press, and
Extended Campus
• Pilot to publish 4 books in 2014-
2015
• Authors receive $5-15K budget
transfer and royalties on print
sales
• Books published free digitally
under open license

Source http://www.webassign.net/opentexts

Public Funding
www.sparc.arl.org

Captured from http://opencourselibrary.org/

Captured from http://opencourselibrary.org/
• 81 highest enrollment
courses
• Materials cost $30 or less
per course
• New materials CCBY
• State invested $750,000
• $5.5M savings

Institutional Initiatives

www.sparc.arl.org
The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are
• student success
Tidewater CommunityCollege
ismakingcollegemoreaffordable.

Supporting Adoption

About Lumen Learning
Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions
and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are
unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER.
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos,
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER.
After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next
Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace
textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by
50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which
resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over
10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years.
You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page.
Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to
help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these.
Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption:
! Finding quality content and mapping it to course learning outcomes. Lumen works with faculty
http://www.lumenlearning.org

Supporting Adoption
Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent

Source http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777

Captured from http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777
• Offers mini grants to faculty to
switch to OER/affordable
materials
• Workshops and consultation
sessions for faculty
• 30+ faculty participants
• $1,000,000 student savings

www.sparc.arl.org
• Goal to save students $250K in
2 years
• Students voted to use fees to
hire full time OER librarian to
coordinate
• Hit goal within first year

http://open.umn.edu

What course content do you
use? Can you include OER?

What kind of educational
content do you produce? Can it
be open?

Advancing our systems
for sharing information
toward openness

Overview of Open Educational Resources (NSCC Faculty Institute, 6/10/14

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