23. MBSR 的創立
於 1979 年，由「美國麻省大
學醫學中心」附屬「減壓門
診」的 Jon Kabat-zinn 博士
所創立。
門診於 1995 年擴大為「正念
中心」 (Center for Mindfulness in
Medicine, Health Care, and Society ，簡
稱 CFM)
25. 大腸急躁症（ irritable bowel
syndrome ）
癌症（ cancer ）
後天免疫不全症候群（ AIDS ）
熱潮紅（ hot flash ）
偏頭病（ migraine ）
糖尿病（ diabetes ）
類風溼性關節炎 (Rheumatoid arthritis )
26. 在 1998 年的一項研究， Kabat-
Zinn 博士及其同僚指出，於接受
光線療法 (UVB) 或光化療法
(PUVA) 治療之同時練習正念修
行的病患，其治癒牛皮癬的速度
比純粹接受光線療法的病患要快
上四倍。
Kabat-Zinn j. et al., (1998) ‘Influence of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
Intervention on Rates of Skin Clearing in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
Undergoing Phototherapy (UVB) and Photochemotherapy (PUVA)’, Psychosomatic
Medicine. 60(5): 625-632.
改變牛皮癬治癒速度改變牛皮癬治癒速度
27.
28.
29. 改變大腦活動與免疫功能改變大腦活動與免疫功能
象徵「正面積極情緒」的大腦左前
額葉 (left prefrontal cortex) 的活動，相較
於未參加訓練的對照組員工，有相
當顯著的活躍現象；
參加正念訓練的員工因應流感疫苗
所產生的抗體 (antibody) 也明顯較未
受訓的員工來得多。
Davidson R.J., Kabat-Zinn J., et al., (2003) ‘Alterations in Brain and Immune
Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation’, Psychosomatic Medicine.
66: 564-570.
http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,20030804,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1005349,00.html 美國《時代》 (TIME) 雜誌 (Aug.4, 2003) 的封面標題是 "The Science of Meditation" ，並引起了許多報紙如《華爾街日報》等的後續報導。根據該報導，全美約有 1000 萬個成年人宣稱自己定期練習靜坐，約佔美國總人口的 5% ，是過去十年（ 1990 年代）習禪人數的兩倍。 The Benefits of Meditation: Research Findings and Data “ Not only do studies show that meditation is boosting their immune system, but brain scans suggest that it may be rewiring their brains to reduce stress… Ten million American adults now say they practice some form of meditation regularly.” Stein, J. (2003) The Science of Meditation, TIME magazine (cover story), August 4: 48-56. Mindfulness Can Improve Your Attention and Health March 1, 2013 A focus on the present, dubbed mindfulness, can make you happier and healthier. Training to deepen your immersion in the moment works by improving attention By Amishi P. Jha http:// www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id =mindfulness-can-improve-your-attention-health
Mindful Medicine How meditation relieves the subjective experience of pain By Michele Solis
最新的正念研究與資源，參考 http://www.mindfulexperience.org/ 。
Kabat-Zinn j. et al., (1998) ‘Influence of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention on Rates of Skin Clearing in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Undergoing Phototherapy (UVB) and Photochemotherapy (PUVA)’, Psychosomatic Medicine . 60(5): 625-632.
論文： Davidson R.J., Kabat-Zinn J., et al., (2003) ‘Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation’, Psychosomatic Medicine . 66: 564-570. 象徵「正面積極情緒」的大腦左前額葉 (left prefrontal cortex) 的活動，相較於未參加訓練的對照組員工，有相當顯著的活躍現象； 參加正念訓練的員工因應流感疫苗所產生的抗體 (antibody) 也明顯較未受訓的員工來得多。 這個研究指出，「正念減壓療程」能夠藉由心的訓練促進正面的大腦活動，並強化人體的免疫功能。 詳細的經過 It is the hope of Davidson and his sometime collaborator Jon Kabat-Zinn that the power of meditation can be harnessed to promote not only emotional well-being but also physical health. Since founding the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979, Kabat-Zinn and colleagues have treated 16,000 patients and taught more than 2,000 health professionals the techniques of ''mindfulness meditation,'' which instructs a Buddhist-inspired ''nonjudgmental,'' total awareness of the present moment as a way of reducing stress. Along the way, Kabat-Zinn has published small but intriguing studies showing that people undergoing treatment for psoriasis heal four times as fast if they meditate; that cancer patients practicing meditation had significantly better emotional outlooks than a control group; and not only that meditation relieved symptoms in patients with anxiety and chronic pain but also that the benefits persisted up to four years after training. Kabat-Zinn is conducting a study for Cigna HealthCare to see if meditation reduces the costs of treating patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome. For the time being, meditation science is still stuck in a cultural no-man's land between being an oxymoron and something more substantive. ''We're very early in the research,'' said Davidson, who admitted that ''the vast majority of meditation research is schlock.'' But a well-designed study published in July by Davidson, Kabat-Zinn and their colleagues provides further evidence that the topic is legitimate. In July 1997, Davidson recruited human subjects at a small biotech company outside Madison called Promega to study the effects of Buddhist-style meditation on the neural and immunological activity of ordinary American office workers. The employees' brains were wired and measured before they began a course in meditation training taught by Kabat-Zinn. It was a controlled, randomized study, and after eight weeks, the researchers would test brain and immune markers to assess the effects of meditation. There was reluctance among some employees to volunteer, but eventually, about four dozen employees participated in the study. Once a week for eight weeks, Kabat-Zinn would show up at Promega with his boom box, his red and purple meditation tape cassettes and his Tibetan chimes, and the assembled Promega employees -- scientists, marketing people, lab techs and even some managers -- would sit on the floor of a conference room and practice mindfulness for three hours. In July, the results of the experiment at Promega were published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, and they suggest that meditation may indeed leave a discernible and lasting imprint on the minds and bodies of its practitioners. Among the Promega employees who practiced meditation for two months, the Wisconsin researchers detected significant increases in activity in several areas of the left prefrontal cortex -- heightened activity that persisted for at least four months after the experiment, when the subjects were tested again. Moreover, the meditators who showed the greatest increase in prefrontal activity after training showed a correspondingly more robust ability to churn out antibodies in response to receiving a flu vaccine. The findings, Kabat-Zinn suggested, demonstrated qualitative shifts in brain activity after only two months of meditation that mirror preliminary results seen in expert meditators like monks.
