1. RESEARCH
DESIGN

2. Research design is a set of advance
decisions that make up the master
plan specifying the methods and
procedures for collecting and
analyzing the needed information.

3. A research design is an
arrangement of condition for collection
and analysis of data in a manner that
aims to combine relevance to research
purpose with an economy in procedure
In fact research design is a
conceptual structure with in which the
research is conducted

4. Blueprint
Blueprint
Plan
Plan
Guide
Guide
Framework
Framework

5. FACTOR DEFINING RESEARCH
DESIGN
 What is the study about
 Why is the study being made
 Where will be the study carried out
 What type of data is to be collected
 Where can be require data found
 What period of time would the will the study include

6. FACTOR DEFINING RESEARCH
DESIGN (cont…)
 Which technique of data collection to be used
 How will be the data anlyse
 In what style will the report prepred
 What will be the sample side

7. PARTS
 The sample design
 The observational design
 The statistical design
 The operational design

8. FEATURE
 Specifies the source and type of information relevant to
the research problem
 Specifies the approach to be used to gather & analyze the
data
 It include the time and cust budgeting
(the boundry for everything )

9. NEED
 To have an efficient research operation
 To be economical
 To have an plan in advance
 To have a back up idea

10. FEAURE OF A GOOD DESIGN
Good is usually characterised by the adjective like
 Appropriate
 Efficient
 Economical
 Flexible

11. FEAURE OF A GOOD DESIGN
(cont…)
 The design must minimize bias and maximize the
reliability
 The design providing less experimental error
 The design which yield maximum information
 The design provide an opportunity to consider many
different aspect of problem

12. RELATING CONCEPT
 Dependent & Independent variable
 Extraneous variable
 Control
 Confounded relationship
 Reseach hypothesis
 Experimental & non-experimental hypothesis-testing
research

13. RELATING CONCEPT (cont..)
 Experimental & control group
 Treatment
 Experiment
 Experimental unit

14. DIFFERENT RESEARCH DESIGN
 Exploratory
 Descriptive/Diagnostic
 Causal
 Please note that research does not necessarily follow the order
(1) exploratory, (2) descriptive, and (3) causal designs.

15. EXPLAATORY RESEARCH
• Exploratory research is unstructured, informal
research undertaken to gain background
information about the general nature of the
research problem.
• Uses of exploratory research include:
1. Gain background information.
2. Define terms.
3. Clarify problems and hypotheses.
4. Establish research priorities.

16. METHOD USED
• Secondary data analysis. Secondary data refers to the process of
searching for and interpreting existing info relevant to the
research problem (e.g., census data, articles in journals,
newspapers, etc.).
• Experience (Expert) surveys. Refers to gathering info from those
thought to be knowledgeable on the issues relevant to the
problem (i.e., ask experts).
• Case Analysis. Uses past situations that are similar to the present
research problem.
• Focus groups. Involves small (8-12) groups of people brought
together and guided by a moderator through unstructured,
spontaneous discussion.

17. IN SUCH CASES
 The sample size is small
 Non probability sampling design are used
 Data requirement are vague
 The objective is general rather than specific
 No definite recommendation are there as a result of
analysis
 There is inbuilt flexibility in the design

18. DESCIPTIVE OR DIAGNOSTIC
RESEARCH
 Descriptive research provides answers to the
questions of who, what, when, where, and how.
 Note that we cannot conclusively ascertain
answers to WHY using descriptive studies.
 Diagnostic research determine the frequency
with which somethingn occur or its association
with something else

19. IN SUCH CASES
 Formulating objective of the study
 Designing mythos of data collection
 Selecting the sample
 Collecting the data
 Processing and analyzing the data
 Reporting the finding
 The design is rigid

20. COMPARISION
Research Design
Exploratory Studies
Descriptive/diagnostic
studies
i.
Sampling design
Non-probability
Probability sampling design
sampling design
i.
Pre-planned design for
analysis
Observational
Unstructured
Structured or well
design
instruments for
throughout instruments for
collection of data
i.
No pre-planned design
for analysis
i.
Statistical design
collection of data
Operational design
No fixed decisions about Advanced decisions about
the operational
procedure.
operational procedure.

21. CASUAL RESEARCH
• Causality may be thought of as understanding a
phenomenon in terms of conditional statements of the
form, “If X, then Y.” Conditions for Causality are:
• Concomitant Variation: For variable X to cause a
change in variable Y, the two must be highly related in
that changes in Y are always associated with changes in
X.
• Temporal Precedence: Refers to the time sequence of
occurrence. For variable X to cause Y, it must always
occur before or precede Y.
• Absence of Competing Explanations: For X to cause Y,
other possible causes must be ruled out.

22. Here the researcher studies the hypothesis of casual
relationship between variable
It require procedure of
 Reduce bias
 Increased reliability
 Relationship between variable
 One or more extraneous variable of dependent variable

23. PRINCIPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
 Principle of accuracy
 Principle of randomization
 Principle of local control

24. THANK YOU