Achievements and lessons learnt in WASH
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Presentation held by Sanjay Wijesekera - Chief WASH, UNICEF at the Water for life conference in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in June 2015
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Achievements and lessons learnt in WASH
- 1. Achievements and Lessons Learnt in WASH Sanjay Wijesekera Chief WASH, UNICEF June 2015 Dushanbe Water for Life Conference swijesekera@unicef.org
- 2. The MDG target for drinking water target has been met but the world has missed the sanitation target
- 3. In 47 countries, less than half the population uses improved sanitation in 2015
- 4. Substantially faster progress is needed to eliminate open defecation, especially in Southern Asia and sub- Saharan Africa
- 5. 3 Northern Africa 20 Southern Africa 29 Western Africa 65 Chad 57 Burkina Faso 46 Sudan 28 Sierra Leone 40 Mozambique 77 South Sudan 23 Nigeria 13 Kenya 0 Mauritius 28 Cabo Delgado 43 Nampula 75 Zambezia 60 Tete 37 Manica 50 Sofala 13 Inhambane 20 Gaza 7 Maputo provincia 0 Maputo cidade 12 Urban 51 Rural 50 Urban Poorest 20% 15 Centraal Africa 27 Eastern Africa 8 Uganda 37 Ethiopia 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 Urban Richest 20% 13 Rural Richest 20% 96 Rural Poorest 20% 21 AFRICA Averages mask huge disparities: open defecation
- 6. Emerging Post-2015 Goals and Targets (OWG proposals) SDG#6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations Target 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse by [x] per cent globally 6
- 7. Closing the gap in one generation is possible Richest quintile Poorest quintile 2012 1995
- 8. The richest 20% have much higher access than do other wealth groups and the gap is increasing Urban Sanitation Rural Water Togo Madagascar Niger Chad Sierra Leone Gabon Burkina Faso Benin Ghana Guinea Namibia Angola Côte d'Ivoire Ethiopia Central African Republic United Republic of Tanzania Malawi 80 100 roved sanitation, rural (%) Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest
- 9. Collection time and gender dimensions of water hauling
- 10. Lesson 1: Address inequalities WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (2013)
- 11. Lead & enable • Analysis to identify bottlenecks • Plan and allocate resources transparently • Set policies and standards to address inequalities Coordinate & manage • Decide institutional roles and responsibilities • Coordinate partners around a single plan • Hold people accountable for results Support & maintain • Monitor progress and take corrective action • Finance and support frontline staff • Invest in capacity for operation and maintenance Lesson 2: A well governed sector achieves results
- 12. Lesson 3: start by focusing on behaviours
- 13. Handwashing varies widely between countries and regions
- 14. Lesson 4: Innovate to improve sustainability (return on $1M Spent) Oxford University impacts from real time monitoring in Kenya shows quick improvements in sustainability
- 15. Lesson 5: Climate variability impacts on WASH In Sierra Leone 40% of the improved water points provide insufficient water during the dry season. Source: Sierra Leone Waterpoint Report, Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (2012) Indonesia report that due to drought and water shortage 29% of the children spend more time on collecting water due to water stress. Source: The impacts of climate change on nutrition and migration affecting children in Indonesia, UNICEF (2011) In Mongolia 12% of the rivers, 15% of the springs and 18% of the lakes have dried up over the past decade. Source: Mongolia Second Communication to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (2010) In Niger, the number of people that had access to sanitation and improved hygiene behaviour decreased due to floods affecting the latrines (in Dosso). Source: Plan International (2013) Trigger annual 2012 report. Plan International, Region of Eastern and Southern Africa (RESA). In Bangladesh 16.5 million people live in areas vulnerable to increasing frequency and severity of cyclones and tidal surge. Source: Managed Aquifer Recharge: Creating Fresh Drinking Water in Brackish Aquifers, UNICEF (2014)
- 16. A more coherent approach to assess and manage risks to WASH
Editor's Notes
- Surveys of households in 30 African countries show that only rarely is soap and water available at a handwashing station. Handwashing facilities with soap and water are more likely to be found in Southern Africa and North Africa. Each bar represents one country within regional groupings
- Surveys of households in 30 African countries show that only rarely is soap and water available at a handwashing station. Handwashing facilities with soap and water are more likely to be found in Southern Africa and North Africa. Each bar represents one country within regional groupings
- This kind of inequality is seen in rural areas, but even more so in urban areas. Access by rural dwellers is fairly equitable in several countries, such as Burundi and Nigeria, but overall access is low
- In this slide we can see some tangible examples of climate impacts on the WASH sector. In Sierra Leone the Ministry of Water Resources reported in 2012 that 40% of the improved water points provide insufficient water during the dry season. A study by UNICEF in Indonesia revealed that due to increasing droughts and water shortage 29% of children have to spend more time than the average collecting water. In Mongolia, the Ministry of environment reported that 12% of the rivers, 15% of the springs and 18% of the lakes have dried up over the past decade. But not all climate impacts are on water supply. We start to have evidence that climate is having serious impacts on sanitation provision and in the sustainability of behaviors. It is difficult to sustain sanitation and hygiene behaviors in communities that are more frequently impacted by flooding events so in many cases they end up slipping back to open defection. In Niger Plan International has reported that despite efforts to trigger communities in 2012 the accumulated number people that had gained access to sanitation and improved hygiene practices was lower than in 2011, with a negative progress of 8.500 people! We also know Highly populated coastal areas have their WASH services at risk. In Bangladesh with increasing salinization of coastal aquifers it has been estimated that 16.5 million people live in areas vulnerable to increasing frequency and severity of cyclones and tidal surge.