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Anatomical Consideration
  for Local Anesthesia
         Trigeminal Nerve
           Maxillary Nerve
       Sphenopalatine Ganglion
          Mandibular Nerve

   Dr. Hesham El-Hawary

                                 ELHAWARY
Trigeminal nerve
   Largest of the cranial
    nerves

   It is a mixed nerve,
    which is made up of
       Large sensory part
       Smaller motor part




                                      ELHAWARY
Trigeminal nerve Cont.
   The sensory root arises from sensory cells of the
    trigeminal ganglion which fills the trigeminal impression
    in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
   The motor root arises from motor cells in the
    medulla oblongata
   Its name derives from the fact that it has three major
    branches:
       Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
       Maxillary nerve (V2)
       Mandibular nerve (V3)

                                                    ELHAWARY
Trigeminal nerve Cont.
   The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory
   The mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor
    functions




                                                 ELHAWARY
ELHAWARY
The maxillary nerve




                 ELHAWARY
The Maxillary Nerve

   It is the 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve
   It arises from the middle of the gasserian ganglion
   It is intermediate in size between the ophthalmic and
    Mandibular divisions
   It is purely sensory in function




                                                 ELHAWARY
The Maxillary Nerve Cont.

   It leaves the middle cranial fossa through foramen
    rotandum

   Before it leaves the middle cranial fossa it gives off the
    middle meningeal nerve to supply the dura
    mater




                                                      ELHAWARY
Branches of Maxillary nerve
1.    Middle meningeal nerve
2.    Twiges       to      the
      sphenopalatine ganglion
3.    Posterior       superior
      alveolar nerve
4.    Zygomatic nerve
5.    Infra-Orbital Nerve
     1.    Middle         superior
           alveolar nerve
     2.    Anterior       superior
           alveolar nerve
     3.    Terminal branches
          1.   Inferior      palpebral
               nerve
          2.   External nasal nerve
          3.   Superior labial nerve


                                         ELHAWARY
The Posterior Superior Alveolar Neve



                              ELHAWARY
Posterior superior alveolar nerve

   It arises from the maxillary nerve just before it
    enter the infraorbital groove
   Generally , posterior superior alveolar nerve is two
    in number
   One branch descends on the post. Surface of the
    maxilla & gives off several twigs to m.m. of the
    cheek
   Other branch enters small foramen on the post.
    Surface of the maxilla to run in the post. Sup.
    Alveolar canal located in the posterior & lateral
    walls of the max. sinus
                                                   ELHAWARY
Posterior superior alveolar
                nerve Cont.
   It communicate freely with
    the middle & anterior
    superior alveolar nerves to
    form     a     superior
    dental plexus from
    which small twigs enter the
    apical foramina of the
    maxillary teeth & other
    twigs supply the overlying
    buccal mucoperiosteum

                                  ELHAWARY
Posterior superior alveolar
                nerve Cont.
   Specifically    posterior
    superior alveolar nerve
    supplies
     The Pulp
     The Investing structures

     The buccal
      mucoperiosteum
    of Upper Molars except
    MB root of 1st molar(6)
                                 ELHAWARY
The Zygomatic Nerve



                      ELHAWARY
The Zygomatic Nerve
   Arises from the maxillary nerve as it enters the orbital
    cavity
   Divides into two branches:
       Zygomatico-Tempopral
       Zygomatico-Facial




                                                       ELHAWARY
Infra-Orbital Nerve



                      ELHAWARY
The Infra-Orbital Nerve
              Infra-
   The maxillary nerve enters the inferior orbital fissure to
    pass into the orbital cavity
   It turns slightly laterally in the infra-orbital groove and
    continues forward in the orbital canal
   In the middle of the course in the canal it gives off the
    middle superior alveolar nerve
   Just before the exit of the maxillary nerve from the
    infra-orbital foramen and still in the infra-orbital canal
    it gives off the anterior superior alveolar nerve
   As it leaves the infra-orbital foramen it gives off the
    terminal branches
                                                     ELHAWARY
Middle superior alveolar nerve

   Approximately in the middle of the infraorbital canal it
    gives off the middle superior alveolar nerve
   It runs downward and forwards in a canal in the lateral
    wall of the maxillary sinus to form part of the superior
    dental plexus
   It Supplies
       Pulp
       Investing structures
       buccal mucoperiosteum
                   of Premolars & MB root of 1st molar(6)
                                                            ELHAWARY
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
   Just before the exit of the maxillary nerve from the
    infraorbital foramen, and while still in infraorbital canal
   It gives off the anterior superior alveolar nerve which
    runs in a canal in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus
    to form part of the superior dental plexus
   It supplies
       Pulp
       Investing structures
       labial mucoperiosteum
                    of anterior teeth(1,2,3).


                                                     ELHAWARY
Terminal branches of the maxillary
             nerve
   As the maxillary nerve leaves the infraorbital
    foramen, it gives off its three terminal branches,
    which are:
       Inferior palpebral nerve
       External nasal nerve
       Superior labial nerve




                                             ELHAWARY
The Sphenopalatine
     Ganglion


                     ELHAWARY
Sphenopalatine ganglion

    Nature: parasympathetic ganglion
    Site: pterygopalatine fossa hanges from the maxillary
     nerve
    Roots:
     Sensory root: twigs from the maxillary nerve to the
        sphenopalatine ganglion
     Sympathetic root: deep petrosal nerve
     Parasympathetic root: great superficial petrosal
        nerve of the 7th cranial nerve (Vidian nerve of facial
        nerve)
                                                    ELHAWARY
Sphenopalatine ganglion Cont.

   Branches:
        Orbital nerve
        Nasal nerve
        Palatine nerve
        Pharyngeal nerve




                                  ELHAWARY
Palatine Branches
   Palatine Branches Divides into:
     Greater (anterior) palatine nerve

     Lesser (posterior) palatine nerve




                                          ELHAWARY
Palatine Branches Cont.
   The greater (anterior) palatine nerve
      Emerges from greater (anterior) palatine foramen in the
       horizontal part of the palatine bone medial to the upper
       third molar
      Supplies palatal mucoperiosteum of maxillary molars &
       premolars




                                                      ELHAWARY
Palatine Branches Cont.
   The lesser ( posterior ) palatine nerve
      Emerges from Lesser (Posterior) palatine foramen in the
       horizontal part of the palatine bone medial to the upper
       third molar
      supplies uvula, soft palate & posterior part of the hard palate




                                                            ELHAWARY
Nasal Branches
   Nasal Branches Divides into:
     Long sphenopalatine nerve (nasopalatine nerve)
     Short sphenopalatine nerve




                                                ELHAWARY
Nasal Branches Cont.
   The Long sphenopalatine nerve
                   (nasopalatine nerve)
     Emerges from the incisive foramen in the anterior
      part of the median plane of the palate
     supplies palatal mucoperiosteum of maxillary
      anterior teeth




                                               ELHAWARY
Nasal Branches Cont.
   At the palatal side of the canine region, there is
    anastomosis between the nasopalatine
    nerve & greater palatine nerve


   The origin of these two nerves (nasopalatine
    nerve& greater palatine nerve ) comes
    from the sensory root of the sphenopalatine
    gangalion (twigs from the maxillary nerve)

                                              ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the maxillary teeth
   From the buccal aspect:
       Posterior superior alveolar nerve
        It supplies the pulp, investing structures (periodontium,
        periosteum and the alveolar bone) and the buccal
        mucoperiosteum of the maxillary third, second and the first
        molars except the mesiobuccal root of the first molar
       Middle superior alveolar nerve
        It supplies the pulp, investing structure and the buccal
        mucoperiosteum of the mesiobuccal root of the first molar,
        and the maxillary premolars
       Anterior superior alveolar nerve
        It supplies the pulp, investing structures and the labial
        mucoperiosteum of the anterior teeth

                                                         ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the maxillary teeth
                         Cont.


   From the palatal aspect:
     The greater (anterior) palatine nerve
      It supplies the palatal mucoperiosteum opposite to
      the maxillary molars, premolars and canine
     The nasopalatine nerve

      It supplies the palatal mucoperiosteum opposite to
      the anterior region (including the canine)


                                               ELHAWARY
Nerve supply of Maxillary teeth
       Pulp , Investing structures & Labial (buccal)
                     mucoperiosteum
 Anterior teeth        Anterior superior alveolar nerve
    (1,2,3)

Premolars (4,5) &
 MB root of 1st        Middle superior alveolar nerve
    molar(6)

 Molars except
 MB root of 1st       Posterior superior alveolar nerve
   molar(6)

                                                     ELHAWARY
Nerve supply of Maxillary teeth
                           Cont.


                Palatal mucoperiosteum
  Anterior
                           Nasopalatine nerve
teeth (1,2,3)

 Premolars
   (4,5)
                    Greater ( Anterior) palatine nerve
    &
Molars (678)



                                                         ELHAWARY
The accessory innervation of the
             teeth
   The upper anterior teeth cross innervation may take
    place i.e. branch from the anterior superior nerve of the
    other side for the pulp, investing structures and labial
    mucoperiostieum
   The palatal mucoperiostieum opposite to the uppar
    canine take innervation mainly from the nasopalatine
    nerve but sometimes it is supplied by interlacing fibers
    between the nasopalatine and the greater palatine nerve.




                                                    ELHAWARY
The Mandibular Nerve




                 ELHAWARY
   It is the 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve
   It is the largest branch of the trigeminal ganglion
   It has undivided trunk         & then divides into
    anterior & posterior division
   The anterior division is smaller than the posterior
    division & mainly motor while the posterior
    division is mainly sensory ( mixed nerve)


                                               ELHAWARY
   It leaves the middle cranial fossa through
    foramen Ovale
   After it leaves the middle cranial fossa it gives
    off the nervous spinosum nerve that enter the
    middle cranial fossa again through foramen
    spinosum to supply the dura mater
   Also it gives the nerve to medial pterygoid
    muscle which passes through the otic ganglion
    to supply the tensor tempani & palatini muscles
   Both divisions pass medial to the lateral
    pterygoid muscle and then branch
                                             ELHAWARY
Branches of Mandibular Nerve
1.    Main Trunk
2.    Nervous Spimosum
3.    Nerve to medial pterygoid
4.    Anterior Division
     1.  N. to Temporalis msc.
     2.  N. to Massetter msc.
     3.  N. to Lateral Pterygoid msc.
     4.  Long Buccal N.
5.    Posterior Division
     1.  Auriculo-temporal N.
     2.  Lingual Nerve
     3.  Inferior Alveolar N.


                                        ELHAWARY
Sensory braches of Mandibular
                  nerve
1.   Nervous spinosum nerve          (trunk)
2.   Long buccal nerve        ( Ant. division)
3.   Auriculotemporal nerve
4.   Lingual nerve             ( post. division)
5.   Inferior alveolar nerve
                     Incisive nerve

                      Mental nerve


                                              ELHAWARY
Motor braches of Mandibular
               nerve
1.   Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
2.   Nerve to tensor palatini muscle
3.   Nerve to tensor tympani muscle
4.   Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
5.   Nerve to masseter muscle
6.   Nerve to temporalis muscle
7.   Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
8.   Nerve to anterior belly of digastric muscle

                                             ELHAWARY
The Auriculo-Temporal nerve



                         ELHAWARY
   It arises by a medial & a lateral root that unite
    below the foramen spinosum
   The united nerve passes deep to the lateral
    pterygoid muscle
   It gives off :
       Parotid branch
       Articular branch
       Auricular branch
       Temporal branch
       Terminal branch

                                            ELHAWARY
The Long Buccal Nerve



                        ELHAWARY
Long Buccal Nerve
   Purely sensory nerve
   Passes between two heads of the lateral
    pterygoid muscles
   It emerges beneath the anterior border of the
    masseter muscle
   It crosses the anterior border of the ramus at
    the level of the occlusal plane of the lower 7 & 8


                                              ELHAWARY
Long Buccal Nerve Cont.
It sends fibers to:
 M.M. of the cheek
   Except                   the
   posterosuperior area which
   receive sensory fibers from
   posterior superior alveolar
   nerve
   Skin of the cheek
   M.M. of the lower buccal vestibule
   Buccal mucoperiosteum of the lower molars
    (6,7,&8)
        ,&8                             ELHAWARY
The Lingual Nerve



                    ELHAWARY
   Purely sensory nerve

   Passes between the medial pterygoid muscle and
    the ramus of the mandible in the
    pterygomandibular space

   In the pterygomandibular space, it lies parallel to
    the inferior alveolar nerve, but anterior and
    medial (lingual) to it

                                              ELHAWARY
   Then , it passes below the mandibular
    attachment of the superior constrictor muscle
    of the pharynx to reach the side of the base of
    the tongue a short distance below & behind the
    lower third molar (8)




                                           ELHAWARY
It supplies:
 M.M. of the ant. 2/3 of the tongue

 M.M. of the floor of the mouth

 M.M. of the lateral lingual vestibule

 Lingual mucoperiosteum of the all lower teeth
   (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8)




                                        ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve



                          ELHAWARY
The Posterior Division
1.    N. To Mylohyoid
      msc.
2.    Inferior alveolar
      nerve
3.    Terminal Branches
     1. Mental Nerve

     2. Incisive Nerve



                                ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar nerve
   Mixed nerve (Sensory & Motor)

   Passes in the pterygomandibular space

   Before it enters the mandibular foramen, it gives
    off the mylohyoid nerve, which contains
    sensory & motor fibers


                                             ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.
   Mylohyoid nerve
       Motor Fibers supply the
          Mylohyoid muscle
          Anterior belly of digastric muscles

       Sensory fibers supply the
            Skin of the anterior & inferior surfaces of the mental
             protuberance




                                                              ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.
   Within the mandible , the inferior alveolar nerve
    descends in the inferior alveolar canal

   In the region of the mental foramen, it divides
    into two terminal branches
     The mental nerve
     The Incisive nerve




                                             ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.
Mental nerve
 leaves the mandible through the mental foramen

 It supply:
   Skin of the chin
   Skin of the lower lip

   M.M. of the lower lip




                                         ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.
Incisive nerve
 Supplies
     pulp & investing structures of the lower anterior
      teeth (1, 2,& 3)
Main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve
     which lies in the mandibular canal
 supplies
     Pulp & investing structures of the lower premolar
      (4, & 5) & molars teeth (6, 7,& 8)

                                               ELHAWARY
The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.
   Inferior alveolar nerve gives branches to form
    the inferior dental plexus above the main trunk
    of the nerve,
   It supplies
     The investing structures of the corresponding teeth
     In the premolar , canine & anterior area it supply
      labial or buccal mucoperiosteum of the
      corresponding teeth


                                                ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the mandibular teeth
        Inferior alveolar nerve
              It is a branch from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve
              It supplies the pulp and the investing structures of the
                 Mandibular molars
                 Premolars
                 Anterior teeth (through its terminal branch; the incisive nerve)
        The lingual nerve
                 It is a branch from the posterior division of the Mandibular nerve
                 It supplies the lingual mucoperiosteum of all the lower teeth, anterior two
                  thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.
        The long buccal nerve
              It is a branch from the anterior division of the Mandibular nerve.
              It supplies the buccal mucoperiosteum opposite to the lower molars.


                                                                                 ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the mandibular
            teeth

             Pulp , Investing structures
 Anterior teeth
                           Incisive nerve
    (1,2,3)
Premolars (4,5)
     &               Inferior alveolar nerve
 Molars (678)



                                            ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the mandibular
           teeth Cont.
          Labial (buccal) mucoperiosteum
                     Inferior Dental Plexus/mental nerve
Anterior teeth       Cutaneous coli nerve
   (1,2,3)           ( branch of cervical plexus C2 & c3 )
     &               gives additional sensory supply for
Premolars (45)       premolars ( 4 , 5 ) in about 20 % of
                     the pt.
Molars (678)                  Long buccal nerve



                                                  ELHAWARY
Nerve supply to the mandibular
           teeth Cont.

              Lingual mucoperiosteum

    Anterior teeth
  (1,2,3) Premolars        Lingual nerve
(4,5) & Molars (678)




                                           ELHAWARY
The accessory innervation of teeth
   The lower anterior teeth cross innervations may take
    place i.e. branch from the incisive nerve of the other side
    for the pulp, investing structures and the labial
    mucoperiostieum
   The lower premolar may receive additional nerve
    supply from the cutaneous coli nerve (branch from the
    cervical plexus of nerves) for their labial
    mucoperiostieum
   The lower molars may receive additional nerve supply
    from the nerve to mylohyoid for the pulp and investing
    structures
                                                    ELHAWARY
THANK YOU
www.elhawarydentalclinic.com


                         ELHAWARY

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Anatomical consideration for local anesthesia - sensory innervation of the face

  • 1. Anatomical Consideration for Local Anesthesia Trigeminal Nerve Maxillary Nerve Sphenopalatine Ganglion Mandibular Nerve Dr. Hesham El-Hawary ELHAWARY
  • 2. Trigeminal nerve  Largest of the cranial nerves  It is a mixed nerve, which is made up of  Large sensory part  Smaller motor part ELHAWARY
  • 3. Trigeminal nerve Cont.  The sensory root arises from sensory cells of the trigeminal ganglion which fills the trigeminal impression in the floor of the middle cranial fossa  The motor root arises from motor cells in the medulla oblongata  Its name derives from the fact that it has three major branches:  Ophthalmic nerve (V1)  Maxillary nerve (V2)  Mandibular nerve (V3) ELHAWARY
  • 4. Trigeminal nerve Cont.  The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory  The mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor functions ELHAWARY
  • 7. The Maxillary Nerve  It is the 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve  It arises from the middle of the gasserian ganglion  It is intermediate in size between the ophthalmic and Mandibular divisions  It is purely sensory in function ELHAWARY
  • 8. The Maxillary Nerve Cont.  It leaves the middle cranial fossa through foramen rotandum  Before it leaves the middle cranial fossa it gives off the middle meningeal nerve to supply the dura mater ELHAWARY
  • 9. Branches of Maxillary nerve 1. Middle meningeal nerve 2. Twiges to the sphenopalatine ganglion 3. Posterior superior alveolar nerve 4. Zygomatic nerve 5. Infra-Orbital Nerve 1. Middle superior alveolar nerve 2. Anterior superior alveolar nerve 3. Terminal branches 1. Inferior palpebral nerve 2. External nasal nerve 3. Superior labial nerve ELHAWARY
  • 10. The Posterior Superior Alveolar Neve ELHAWARY
  • 11. Posterior superior alveolar nerve  It arises from the maxillary nerve just before it enter the infraorbital groove  Generally , posterior superior alveolar nerve is two in number  One branch descends on the post. Surface of the maxilla & gives off several twigs to m.m. of the cheek  Other branch enters small foramen on the post. Surface of the maxilla to run in the post. Sup. Alveolar canal located in the posterior & lateral walls of the max. sinus ELHAWARY
  • 12. Posterior superior alveolar nerve Cont.  It communicate freely with the middle & anterior superior alveolar nerves to form a superior dental plexus from which small twigs enter the apical foramina of the maxillary teeth & other twigs supply the overlying buccal mucoperiosteum ELHAWARY
  • 13. Posterior superior alveolar nerve Cont.  Specifically posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies  The Pulp  The Investing structures  The buccal mucoperiosteum of Upper Molars except MB root of 1st molar(6) ELHAWARY
  • 15. The Zygomatic Nerve  Arises from the maxillary nerve as it enters the orbital cavity  Divides into two branches:  Zygomatico-Tempopral  Zygomatico-Facial ELHAWARY
  • 17. The Infra-Orbital Nerve Infra-  The maxillary nerve enters the inferior orbital fissure to pass into the orbital cavity  It turns slightly laterally in the infra-orbital groove and continues forward in the orbital canal  In the middle of the course in the canal it gives off the middle superior alveolar nerve  Just before the exit of the maxillary nerve from the infra-orbital foramen and still in the infra-orbital canal it gives off the anterior superior alveolar nerve  As it leaves the infra-orbital foramen it gives off the terminal branches ELHAWARY
  • 18. Middle superior alveolar nerve  Approximately in the middle of the infraorbital canal it gives off the middle superior alveolar nerve  It runs downward and forwards in a canal in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus to form part of the superior dental plexus  It Supplies  Pulp  Investing structures  buccal mucoperiosteum of Premolars & MB root of 1st molar(6) ELHAWARY
  • 19. Anterior superior alveolar nerve  Just before the exit of the maxillary nerve from the infraorbital foramen, and while still in infraorbital canal  It gives off the anterior superior alveolar nerve which runs in a canal in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus to form part of the superior dental plexus  It supplies  Pulp  Investing structures  labial mucoperiosteum of anterior teeth(1,2,3). ELHAWARY
  • 20. Terminal branches of the maxillary nerve  As the maxillary nerve leaves the infraorbital foramen, it gives off its three terminal branches, which are:  Inferior palpebral nerve  External nasal nerve  Superior labial nerve ELHAWARY
  • 21. The Sphenopalatine Ganglion ELHAWARY
  • 22. Sphenopalatine ganglion  Nature: parasympathetic ganglion  Site: pterygopalatine fossa hanges from the maxillary nerve  Roots:  Sensory root: twigs from the maxillary nerve to the sphenopalatine ganglion  Sympathetic root: deep petrosal nerve  Parasympathetic root: great superficial petrosal nerve of the 7th cranial nerve (Vidian nerve of facial nerve) ELHAWARY
  • 23. Sphenopalatine ganglion Cont.  Branches:  Orbital nerve  Nasal nerve  Palatine nerve  Pharyngeal nerve ELHAWARY
  • 24. Palatine Branches  Palatine Branches Divides into:  Greater (anterior) palatine nerve  Lesser (posterior) palatine nerve ELHAWARY
  • 25. Palatine Branches Cont.  The greater (anterior) palatine nerve  Emerges from greater (anterior) palatine foramen in the horizontal part of the palatine bone medial to the upper third molar  Supplies palatal mucoperiosteum of maxillary molars & premolars ELHAWARY
  • 26. Palatine Branches Cont.  The lesser ( posterior ) palatine nerve  Emerges from Lesser (Posterior) palatine foramen in the horizontal part of the palatine bone medial to the upper third molar  supplies uvula, soft palate & posterior part of the hard palate ELHAWARY
  • 27. Nasal Branches  Nasal Branches Divides into:  Long sphenopalatine nerve (nasopalatine nerve)  Short sphenopalatine nerve ELHAWARY
  • 28. Nasal Branches Cont.  The Long sphenopalatine nerve (nasopalatine nerve)  Emerges from the incisive foramen in the anterior part of the median plane of the palate  supplies palatal mucoperiosteum of maxillary anterior teeth ELHAWARY
  • 29. Nasal Branches Cont.  At the palatal side of the canine region, there is anastomosis between the nasopalatine nerve & greater palatine nerve  The origin of these two nerves (nasopalatine nerve& greater palatine nerve ) comes from the sensory root of the sphenopalatine gangalion (twigs from the maxillary nerve) ELHAWARY
  • 30. Nerve supply to the maxillary teeth  From the buccal aspect:  Posterior superior alveolar nerve It supplies the pulp, investing structures (periodontium, periosteum and the alveolar bone) and the buccal mucoperiosteum of the maxillary third, second and the first molars except the mesiobuccal root of the first molar  Middle superior alveolar nerve It supplies the pulp, investing structure and the buccal mucoperiosteum of the mesiobuccal root of the first molar, and the maxillary premolars  Anterior superior alveolar nerve It supplies the pulp, investing structures and the labial mucoperiosteum of the anterior teeth ELHAWARY
  • 31. Nerve supply to the maxillary teeth Cont.  From the palatal aspect:  The greater (anterior) palatine nerve It supplies the palatal mucoperiosteum opposite to the maxillary molars, premolars and canine  The nasopalatine nerve It supplies the palatal mucoperiosteum opposite to the anterior region (including the canine) ELHAWARY
  • 32. Nerve supply of Maxillary teeth Pulp , Investing structures & Labial (buccal) mucoperiosteum Anterior teeth Anterior superior alveolar nerve (1,2,3) Premolars (4,5) & MB root of 1st Middle superior alveolar nerve molar(6) Molars except MB root of 1st Posterior superior alveolar nerve molar(6) ELHAWARY
  • 33. Nerve supply of Maxillary teeth Cont. Palatal mucoperiosteum Anterior Nasopalatine nerve teeth (1,2,3) Premolars (4,5) Greater ( Anterior) palatine nerve & Molars (678) ELHAWARY
  • 34. The accessory innervation of the teeth  The upper anterior teeth cross innervation may take place i.e. branch from the anterior superior nerve of the other side for the pulp, investing structures and labial mucoperiostieum  The palatal mucoperiostieum opposite to the uppar canine take innervation mainly from the nasopalatine nerve but sometimes it is supplied by interlacing fibers between the nasopalatine and the greater palatine nerve. ELHAWARY
  • 36. It is the 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve  It is the largest branch of the trigeminal ganglion  It has undivided trunk & then divides into anterior & posterior division  The anterior division is smaller than the posterior division & mainly motor while the posterior division is mainly sensory ( mixed nerve) ELHAWARY
  • 37. It leaves the middle cranial fossa through foramen Ovale  After it leaves the middle cranial fossa it gives off the nervous spinosum nerve that enter the middle cranial fossa again through foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater  Also it gives the nerve to medial pterygoid muscle which passes through the otic ganglion to supply the tensor tempani & palatini muscles  Both divisions pass medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and then branch ELHAWARY
  • 38. Branches of Mandibular Nerve 1. Main Trunk 2. Nervous Spimosum 3. Nerve to medial pterygoid 4. Anterior Division 1. N. to Temporalis msc. 2. N. to Massetter msc. 3. N. to Lateral Pterygoid msc. 4. Long Buccal N. 5. Posterior Division 1. Auriculo-temporal N. 2. Lingual Nerve 3. Inferior Alveolar N. ELHAWARY
  • 39. Sensory braches of Mandibular nerve 1. Nervous spinosum nerve (trunk) 2. Long buccal nerve ( Ant. division) 3. Auriculotemporal nerve 4. Lingual nerve ( post. division) 5. Inferior alveolar nerve  Incisive nerve  Mental nerve ELHAWARY
  • 40. Motor braches of Mandibular nerve 1. Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle 2. Nerve to tensor palatini muscle 3. Nerve to tensor tympani muscle 4. Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle 5. Nerve to masseter muscle 6. Nerve to temporalis muscle 7. Nerve to mylohyoid muscle 8. Nerve to anterior belly of digastric muscle ELHAWARY
  • 42. It arises by a medial & a lateral root that unite below the foramen spinosum  The united nerve passes deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle  It gives off :  Parotid branch  Articular branch  Auricular branch  Temporal branch  Terminal branch ELHAWARY
  • 43. The Long Buccal Nerve ELHAWARY
  • 44. Long Buccal Nerve  Purely sensory nerve  Passes between two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscles  It emerges beneath the anterior border of the masseter muscle  It crosses the anterior border of the ramus at the level of the occlusal plane of the lower 7 & 8 ELHAWARY
  • 45. Long Buccal Nerve Cont. It sends fibers to:  M.M. of the cheek Except the posterosuperior area which receive sensory fibers from posterior superior alveolar nerve  Skin of the cheek  M.M. of the lower buccal vestibule  Buccal mucoperiosteum of the lower molars (6,7,&8) ,&8 ELHAWARY
  • 46. The Lingual Nerve ELHAWARY
  • 47. Purely sensory nerve  Passes between the medial pterygoid muscle and the ramus of the mandible in the pterygomandibular space  In the pterygomandibular space, it lies parallel to the inferior alveolar nerve, but anterior and medial (lingual) to it ELHAWARY
  • 48. Then , it passes below the mandibular attachment of the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx to reach the side of the base of the tongue a short distance below & behind the lower third molar (8) ELHAWARY
  • 49. It supplies:  M.M. of the ant. 2/3 of the tongue  M.M. of the floor of the mouth  M.M. of the lateral lingual vestibule  Lingual mucoperiosteum of the all lower teeth (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8) ELHAWARY
  • 50. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve ELHAWARY
  • 51. The Posterior Division 1. N. To Mylohyoid msc. 2. Inferior alveolar nerve 3. Terminal Branches 1. Mental Nerve 2. Incisive Nerve ELHAWARY
  • 52. The Inferior Alveolar nerve  Mixed nerve (Sensory & Motor)  Passes in the pterygomandibular space  Before it enters the mandibular foramen, it gives off the mylohyoid nerve, which contains sensory & motor fibers ELHAWARY
  • 53. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.  Mylohyoid nerve  Motor Fibers supply the  Mylohyoid muscle  Anterior belly of digastric muscles  Sensory fibers supply the  Skin of the anterior & inferior surfaces of the mental protuberance ELHAWARY
  • 54. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.  Within the mandible , the inferior alveolar nerve descends in the inferior alveolar canal  In the region of the mental foramen, it divides into two terminal branches  The mental nerve  The Incisive nerve ELHAWARY
  • 55. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont. Mental nerve  leaves the mandible through the mental foramen  It supply:  Skin of the chin  Skin of the lower lip  M.M. of the lower lip ELHAWARY
  • 56. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont. Incisive nerve  Supplies  pulp & investing structures of the lower anterior teeth (1, 2,& 3) Main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve which lies in the mandibular canal  supplies  Pulp & investing structures of the lower premolar (4, & 5) & molars teeth (6, 7,& 8) ELHAWARY
  • 57. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Cont.  Inferior alveolar nerve gives branches to form the inferior dental plexus above the main trunk of the nerve,  It supplies  The investing structures of the corresponding teeth  In the premolar , canine & anterior area it supply labial or buccal mucoperiosteum of the corresponding teeth ELHAWARY
  • 58. Nerve supply to the mandibular teeth  Inferior alveolar nerve  It is a branch from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve  It supplies the pulp and the investing structures of the  Mandibular molars  Premolars  Anterior teeth (through its terminal branch; the incisive nerve)  The lingual nerve  It is a branch from the posterior division of the Mandibular nerve  It supplies the lingual mucoperiosteum of all the lower teeth, anterior two thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.  The long buccal nerve  It is a branch from the anterior division of the Mandibular nerve.  It supplies the buccal mucoperiosteum opposite to the lower molars. ELHAWARY
  • 59. Nerve supply to the mandibular teeth Pulp , Investing structures Anterior teeth Incisive nerve (1,2,3) Premolars (4,5) & Inferior alveolar nerve Molars (678) ELHAWARY
  • 60. Nerve supply to the mandibular teeth Cont. Labial (buccal) mucoperiosteum  Inferior Dental Plexus/mental nerve Anterior teeth  Cutaneous coli nerve (1,2,3) ( branch of cervical plexus C2 & c3 ) & gives additional sensory supply for Premolars (45) premolars ( 4 , 5 ) in about 20 % of the pt. Molars (678) Long buccal nerve ELHAWARY
  • 61. Nerve supply to the mandibular teeth Cont. Lingual mucoperiosteum Anterior teeth (1,2,3) Premolars Lingual nerve (4,5) & Molars (678) ELHAWARY
  • 62. The accessory innervation of teeth  The lower anterior teeth cross innervations may take place i.e. branch from the incisive nerve of the other side for the pulp, investing structures and the labial mucoperiostieum  The lower premolar may receive additional nerve supply from the cutaneous coli nerve (branch from the cervical plexus of nerves) for their labial mucoperiostieum  The lower molars may receive additional nerve supply from the nerve to mylohyoid for the pulp and investing structures ELHAWARY