Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation. The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.

1. INTRODUCTION
 Renewable Energy or Non-Renewable Energy?
OR

2. Why Renewable Energy?

3. Why only Solar?
 Sun…the never ending source
of energy.
 Primary source – Fossil
Fuels Limited.
 Clean Energy.
 Easily Scalable.
 Modular character
technology.

4. Why only Solar?
• The Solar energy radiate by the sun is 3.8 x 1026 joules /sec (NASA).
• India is one of the sun’s most favored nations, blessed with about 5,000 Terawh of
solar Energy radiation very year with most parts receiving 4 – 7 Kwh / Sq. Meter /
Per day.
• Daily average solar energy incident over India varies 4 to 7 Kwh/m2 / Day
• With about 300 clear , sunny days in a year, India have abundant solar potential.

5. Photovoltaic Cell
 Solar Cell
 Working
 Material
 Type

6. Fundamental of solar cell.
• The μp is the heart of the processing within a computer..
• Similarly a solar cell is the key component in chain of the photovoltaic solar
system.
• Photovoltaic = photo + voltaic.
• Photo associated with light and voltaic means voltage or voltage that developed
within the solar cell.

7. n-type
semiconductor
p-type
semiconductor
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Physics of Photovoltaic Generation
Depletion Zone

8. Light And Photo Electric Effect
• Photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted
from matter after absorption of energy from visible light.
• Electrons gain energy from incoming photons and are emitted when this
absorbed energy exceeds the work function of the material.
• Electric field associated with a semiconductor P--‐N junction can form
an electric current and deliver power to an external load.
• Thus a specially built semiconductor junction can function as a SOLAR
CELL converting natural sunlight into electricity.

9. Photovoltaic Cell Material
• Thin wafers of silicon
 Similar to computer chips
 Much bigger
 Much cheaper
• Silicon is abundant (sand)
 Non-toxic
 Safe

10. PV Technology Classification
Silicon Crystalline Technology
Mono crystalline
PV cell
Multi/Poly
crystalline PV
cell.
Thin Film Technology
Amorphous
Silicon PV cells.
Poly Crystalline
PV Cells

11. PV Technology Classification
• Silicon Crystalline Technology
 Currently makes up 86% of PV market
 Very stable with module efficiencies 10-16%

12. Silicon Crystalline Technology
• Mono crystalline PV cell
 Made using saw-cut from single cylindrical crystal of Si
 Most efficient commercially available module (11% - 18%)
 Most expensive to produce Circular (square-round) cell creates wasted space on
module

13. Silicon Crystalline Technology
• Multi/Poly crystalline PV cell.
 Caste from ingot of melted and recrystallised silicon.
 Cells slightly less efficient than a mono crystalline (10% - 16%).
 Less expensive to make than mono-crystalline modules.
 Square shape cells fit into module efficiently using the entire space.
 Accounts for 90% of crystalline Si market .

14. Thin Film Technology
 Silicon deposited in a continuous on a base material such as glass, metal or
polymers
 Thin-film crystalline solar cell consists of layers about 10μm thick compared with
200-300μm layers for crystalline silicon cells
 PROS
• Low cost substrate and fabrication process
 CONS
• Not very stable

15. Thin Film Technology
• AMORPHOUS SILICON PV CELLS.
Most inexpensive technology to produce
Metal grid replaced with transparent oxides
Can be deposited on flexible substrates, less susceptible to shading problems
Better performance in low light conditions that with crystalline modules.
Operating efficiency ~ 6-8%
• PROS
 Mature manufacturing technologies available
• CONS
 Initial 20-40% loss in efficiency

16. Poly Crystalline PV Cells
• Non – silicon based technology
• CADMIUM TELLURIDE ( CDTE)
 Unlike most other II/IV material cdte exhibits direct band gap of 1.4ev and high
absorption coefficient
 PROS
• 16% laboratory efficiency
• 6-9% module efficiency
 CONS
• Immature manufacturing process

17. PV Module Technology
• PV module mainly available in Mono-crystalline Silicon, Poly-Crystalline Silicon
and Thin film..
• PV module Power (Wp) ranges from ~ (1 – 310) Wp
• Characteristics:-
 Voc ~ Open Circuit Voltage
 Isc ~ Short Circuit Current
 Vm ~ Voltage at maximum power
 Im ~ Current at maximum power
 Pm ~ Maximum power
• Note ~ While you purchase PV Module must check :-
 Measured at Standard Test Conditions(STC): 1KW/m2/day, 25˚C & AM1.5

18. Current-Voltage & Power-Voltage
Characteristics

19. PV Module Current-Voltage(I-V) Curve

20. PV Module Technology
• Effects of Temperature :-
• As the PV cell temperature increases above 25º C, the module Vmp decreases by
approximately 0.5% /° C .

21. Specification & Performance Of Typical
Module.
Module size 119.1 cm x 53.3 cm
Module weight 7.5 kg
Cell size 12.5cm x 12.5 cm
Number of cell 36
Nominal output 80 W
Nominal voltage 12V
Maximum voltage 17V
Open circuit voltage 21.2V
Short circuit curent 4.9A
Conversion efficiancy 12.5%
Global solar radiation 1000w/cm²
Air mass Am 1.5 spectrum
Cell temperature 25°c

22. Solar Energy Ecosystem

23. Solar PV Application
• Distributed off grid product.
 Solar Lanterns ~

24. Solar PV Application
• Solar Street Lights

25. Solar PV Application
• Solar Water Pumping System.

26. Solar PV Application
Solar Fencing around The farm or
Irrigation land To protect against animals.
Solar fencing For marking the
boundary

27. Solar PV Application
• Solar Plant On Stadiums.

28. Solar PV Application
• Solar On Petrol Pump

29. Solar PV Application
• Solar On Parking Area

30. Solar PV Application
• World First Solar Air Flight

31. Solar PV Application
• JAPAN CRUISE SHIP

32. Solar PV Application
• Delhi Metro Station Dwarka .

33. Thank You…