Introduction to Concentrating solar thermal technology

1. CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL
TECHNOLOGY.
Prepared by:
Urval V. Chotalia
www.soururjaportal.in
soururjaportal@gmail.com
+919004561416
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2. INTRODUCTION.
 Simple infrastructure.
 Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) turns sunlight into electricity.
 Concentrated solar thermal power provides firm, peak, intermediate or base load
capacities due to thermal storage and/or fuel back-up.
 Reduce & save on cost of managing power delivery.
 Attractive government policy.
 Environment friendly Technology.
 R&D opportunity in components of CSP plants.
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3. BENEFITS OF CST
 Its potential to use hybrid technologies
 Easily add storage could unlock dispatchable and base-load power.
 The opportunity of thermal storage capacity addition.
 Maximum Capacity utilization factor (CUF).
 Grid-flexibility.
 Benefits For DISCOMS
 It reduce peak load demand.
 T&d and conversion losses as power is consumed at the point of generation.
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4. CST TECHNOLOGY
Heat Application
Low , Medium & High
Temp.
Power Application
Concentrating solar
thermal power
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5. CST TECHNOLOGY
 Heat Application.
Low temperature
Water Heater
Solar Cooker.
Medium Temp.
Industrial Use.
High Temp
Technology.
CSP
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6. CST TECHNOLOGY
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 solar cooker
 A ‘solar cooker‘ is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat,
cook or pasteurize food or drink.
 Solar cooking is a form of outdoor cooking.
 solar cooker used in situations where minimal fuel consumption is important,
or the danger of accidental fires is high.
 Example
 Shirdi Sai temple, Has a solar cooking system installed at its canteen. Around
70 solar reflectors are mounted on the rooftop
 solar parabolic concentrated systems in Ladakh for Indian Army.

7. CST TECHNOLOGY
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 Solar Water Heater.
 Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into renewable
energy for water heating using a solar thermal collector.
 solar water heaters can be of two types.
 Flat Plate Collectors (FPC) based Solar Water Heaters .
 Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC) based Solar Water Heaters .

8. CST TECHNOLOGY
 Power Application.
Power Application
Concentrating solar thermal power
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9. CST TECHNOLOGY
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 CST Power Technology.
CST Power
Technology.
Parabolic
Trough
Linear Fresnel
reflectors –
LFR
Towers or
central receiver
systems (CRS)
Parabolic
dishes

10. CST TECHNOLOGY
 CSP technologies.
 CSP technology systems use reflective surfaces to gather and concentrate
unscattered solar radiation to create heat.
 There are four main technologies, Troughs and Fresnel reflectors
track the sun on one axis, while dishes and towers track the sun
on two axes.
 The requirement for unscattered (“direct normal”) radiation limits csp plants
to certain locations, primarily desert regions with limited cloud cover.
 Three of the four CSP technologies use the collected heat to power
conversion.
 Parabolic trough, linear fresnel, power tower.
 Dish-engine systems use the concentrated sunlight to power a small heat
engine at the dish’s focal point.
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11. CST TECHNOLOGY
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 Parabolic Trough
 Troughs or parabolic cylinders concentrate
the solar rays on long heat collector pipes
(moving with the Troughs).
 Current plants use some synthetic oil as
heat transfer fluid. Alternative concepts
include direct steam
 Generation, and the use of molten salts as
transfer fluid.
 Troughs represent the most mature
technology and the bulk of current
projects; some have significant storage
Capacities. Their solar to electricity
conversion can reach than 15% (annual
mean value).

12. CST TECHNOLOGY
 Parabolic Trough Technology Application & Advantages.
 Grid-connected plants, medium to high process heat Process.
 Modularity, Good land-use factor.
 Lowest materials demand.
 Hybrid concept proven.
 Heat Storage capability.
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13. CST TECHNOLOGY
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 Linear Fresnel reflectors (LFR)
 Linear Fresnel reflectors (LFR) use slightly curved mirrors reflecting the
solar rays on a long, fixed receiver.
 Investment costs per mirror area are lower but the annual efficiency
remains below 10%. Saturated steam is directly generated in the receiver
tubes.

14. CST TECHNOLOGY.
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 Linear Fresnel reflectors (LFR) Technology
Application & Advantages.
 Grid connected plants, or steam generation to be
used in conventional thermal power plants.
 Readily available
 Flat mirrors can be purchased and bent on site,
lower manufacturing costs
 Hybrid operation possible
 Very high space efficiency around solar noon.

15. CST TECHNOLOGY.
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 Towers or central receiver systems
(CRS)
 Towers or central receiver systems (CRS),
concentrate the sunrays on top of a fixed tower.
 This allows for higher temperatures and efficiencies
than linear systems.
 Towers can generate saturated or superheated steam
directly, or use molten salts, air or other media as
heat transfer fluids.
 Solar fields of thousands of small heliostats are
proposed as a cheap alternative to state-of-the-art
field design.

16. CST TECHNOLOGY.
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 Towers or central receiver systems (CRS)
Technology Application & Advantages.
 Grid-connected plants, high temperature
process heat.
 Good mid-term prospects for high conversion
efficiencies, operating temperature potential
beyond 1,000°C.
 Storage at high temperatures.
 Hybrid operation possible.
 Better suited for dry cooling concepts than
troughs and Fresnel.
 Better options to use non-flat sites.

17. CST TECHNOLOGY.
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 Parabolic dishes.
 Parabolic dishes concentrate the sunrays on a focal
point that is moving together with the dish tracking
the sun, offering the highest optical efficiency on
much smaller capacities (typically tens of kW).
 Mass production may allow them to compete with
the larger systems, which benefit from economies of
scale.
 Dish systems are less compatible with thermal
storage than other CSP technologies, but require no
cooling water.

18. CST TECHNOLOGY.
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 Parabolic dishes Technology Application &
Advantages.
 Stand-alone, small off-grid power systems or
clustered to larger grid connected dish parks.
 Very high conversion efficiencies – peak solar to
net electric conversion over 30%.
 Modularity, Most effectively integrate thermal
storage a large plant.
 Easily manufactured and mass-produced from
available parts.
 No water requirements for cooling the cycle.

19. WORKING OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL
SYSTEM
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20. ADVANTAGES OF CST SYSTEM.
 CST system can be built in small sizes and Implement as per load demand.
 CST system can achieve high steam operating temperatures, allowing more
efficient power generation.
 Non-carbon emitting power generation
 CST system is capable of combined heat and power generation
 steam for absorption chillers, industrial process heat, desalination.
 CST system can be hybridized with intermittent renewable Power
plant.
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21. DISADVANTAGES OF CST SYSTEM.
 CST system require large surface areas for placement of concentrators.
 CST system high upfront capital costs for concentrators and storage
 CST system require cooling, as with any steam power plant, creating a
requirement for water or air cooling.
 water limitations may necessitate air cooling in many locations, with
penalty in capital cost, generating efficiency and energy cost.
 CST system require unscattered “direct normal” solar radiation, thus limiting
where CSP plants can be located.
 desert areas are best (but also arid)
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22. CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PROJECTS IN
INDIA
 Concentrating solar power (CSP) projects in
India are listed below.
I. Abhijeet Solar Project
II. ACME Solar Tower
III. Dhursar
IV. Diwakar
V. Godawari Solar Project
VI. Gujarat Solar One
VII. KVK Energy Solar Project
VIII. Megha Solar Plant
IX. National Solar Thermal Power Facility
 For more Details Visit ~
http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country_detail.cfm/country=IN 22
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23. CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY.
 For More details About CST Technology &
Government policy Contact Us or Visit
http://mnre.gov.in/
Thank You…
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