12th standard classification of carbohydrates

3. Monosaccharides
 Sweet In taste
 Not hydrolysable
 Have three to seven carbons
 3 carbons=Triose
 4 carbons=Tetrose
 5 carbons=Pentose
 6 carbons=Hexose
 7 carbons=Heptose

4.  Types:
1. Aldoses
2. Ketoses
Aldoses contain Aldehydic group –CHO
Ketoses contain Ketonic group –CO-

7. Trioses
 D-glyceraldehyde
 L- glyceraldehye
 Dihydroxyacetone
 Important in cellular respiration, in the glycolysis
step.

8. Pentoses
 Ribose
 Ribulose
 They form the backbone of polysaccharides
 They form the backbone of proteins
 They form the backbone of lipids
 They form the backbone of nucleic acids

9. Hexoses
 Glucose
 Fructose
 Galactose
 Mannose
 Talose
 Allose
 Idose

10. Gluose
 Polyhydroxy aldehyde
 Dextrose=Dextrorotatory
 Grape sugar
 Blood Sugar
 110mg/1000mL in blood
 Energy source for the body
 Combines with others to form disaccharides

14. Importance of Glucose
 Most widely used Hexose
 An energy source
 A precursor forms:
 Cellulose
 Glycogen
 Starch etc.
 Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia

15. Importance of Fructose
 Found in foods and Drinks
 1 to 2 times sweeter than table sugar
 Used as artificial sweetener
 Anaerobic fermentation raw material for bacteria
and yeasts.
 Apricots, apples, grapes etc.

16. Fructose in body(from Sucrose)