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SLUM
SLUM
INTRODUCTION:
•As per UN-habitant a slum is characterised by lack of durable housing, insufficient living area, and lack of
access to clean water, inadequate sanitation and insecure tenure.
•A slum is an area of a city where poor people live and the buildings are in bad condition. A slum is a densely
populated area of substandard housing, usually in a city, characterized by unsanitary conditions and social
disorganization.
•A Slum has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement
of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are
detrimental to the safety and health.
As per the Census 2011-
•All specified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration under
any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ 1956.
•All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration, Housing and Slum Boards,
which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act.
•A compact area of at least 300 populations and about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenement,
unhygienic environment, usually with inadequate in infrastructure and lacking- in proper sanitation and drinking
water facilities.
SLUM
Characteristics of slums:
•Over crowded area
•Scattered development or unplanned area
•Lack of sanitation and drainage and health facilities
•Temporary housing
•High rate of crime
•Encroach public/ private land
•Lack of basic infrastructure facilities
•Socially isolated areas
•Lower income groups
•Lack of open spaces
•Low literacy rates
•Fire hazards
•Diverse population
Causes of slums:
•Employment or Economic Condition: Those people who
are migrated from other cities of villages for jobs and work
purpose they are stated living in the slum after not finding
any jobs or works.
•Shortage of Affordable housing: Basically the shortage of
houses in Indian is the main cause of slums. For urbanization
in urban areas and the shortage of affordable houses makes
people to live in the slums.
•Rural-urban migration: Rural-urban migration is one of
the causes attributed to the formation and expansion of
slums. Because many people move to urban areas
primarily because cities promise more jobs, better schools
for poor's children, and diverse income opportunities than
subsistence farming in rural areas.
•Poverty: Urban poverty encourages the formation and
demand for slums because slums are the only option for
urban poor.
•Natural Disaster: Major natural disasters in poor nations
often lead to migration of disaster-affected families from
areas crippled by the disaster to unaffected areas, the
creation of temporary tent city and slums, or expansion of
existing slums.
•Industrialization: Most of the uneducated persons are
working in industry. As per the high coast of land they are
not eligible to buy land for home. And if the industry
would placed distance from the city, poor people start
living in slums near to the factory or industry. Basically
more number of slums was placed near to the industrial
areas.
•Education/ literacy: Now a day, India’s literacy rate is
too much low. Due to lack of education people’s source of
income was low, that why they were living in the slums.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND SCHEMES
JnNURM
INTRODUCTION:
• It stands for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and started on 3rd December 2005 by Government of
India.
AIM OF THE MISSION:
•To encourage cities to initiate steps to bring about improvement in the existing service levels in a financially sustainable
manner.
OBJECTIVES:
i. To create economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities.
ii. Integrated development of infrastructure services
iii. Planned development of cities including the peri-urban areas, outgrowths, and urban corridors.
iv. Renewal and re-development of inner city areas.
v. Universalization of urban services so as to ensure their availability to the urban poor.
MAJOR FOCUSED/ SUB-MISSION:
1. Urban Infrastructure and Governance, under the ministry of Urban Development.
2. Basic Services to Urban Poor, under the ministry of Urban poverty alleviation.
ELIGIBLE CITIES:
• Category A : More than 4 million population – 7 cities
• Category B: Million plus Cities between 1 to 4 million population – 28 cities
• Category C: Cities / UAs with less than one million population – 28 cities
JnNURM
FUNDING PATTERN:
BUDGET:
•Total budget around 50000 Crores.
Category Population
(2001 census)
No. of
Cities
Funding Pattern (%)
Grant State / ULB/Parastatal share,
Including Beneficiary ContributionCentral Govt.
A > 4 Million 7 50 50
B 1-4 Million 28 50 50
C For cities in NE states &
J&K
90 10
Other Selected Cities / UAs
< 1 Million
28 80 20
Year BSUP IHSDP
2005-2006 334 Crore for both
BSUP
And IHSDP
2006-2007 1000 Crore 500 Crore
2007-2008 1501 Crore 490 Crore
2008-2009 1880.35 Crore 613.84 Crore
2009-2010 2267.35 Crore 1113.85 Crore
Year wise central allocation for BSUP and IHSDP:
JnNURM
DURATION OF PROGRAMME:
• It was launched in 2005 for a seven-year period (up to March 2012) to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing
phased improvements in their civic service levels.
• But the government has extended the tenure of the mission for two years, i.e., from April 2012 to March 31, 2014.
COMPONENT:
• Urban Infrastructure Development of Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).
Focus: Subsuming the schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) and Accelerated
Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP).
• Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP).
Focus: Providing the entire population with safe and adequate water supply facilities. The program is mainly
implemented in towns with populations less than 20,000 as per the 1991 census.
JNNURM PROJECTS FOR ODISHA:
1) Four projects sanctioned for Bhubaneswar city under JNNURM.
i. City bus services
ii. Storm water drainage
iii. Conservation of Bindusagar
iv. Integrated sewer system
v. BSUP project
2) Two projects for Puri under JNNURM.
i. 24x7 Piped Water Supply to Puri Town
ii. Storm water drainage system for Puri town
JNNURM PROJECTS
JNNURM PROJECTS FOR ODISHA:
1) Four projects sanctioned for Bhubaneswar city under JNNURM.
i. City bus services
ii. Storm water drainage
iii. Conservation of Bindusagar
iv. Integrated sewer system
v. BSUP project
2) Two projects for Puri under JNNURM.
i. 24x7 Piped Water Supply to Puri Town
ii. Storm water drainage system for Puri town
Sub-Mission I (Urban Infrastructure and Governance):
•Total number of projects sanctioned: 7 (2006-07: 2 nos, 2008-09: 4
nos, 2009-10: 1 nos)
FUNDS:
•Total project cost : Rs. 83177.65 lakh
•ACA component : Rs. 65296.51 lakh
•State share : Rs. 8940.57 lakh
•ULB share : Rs. 8940.57 lakh
Sub-Mission II (Basic Services to Urban Poor)
•Mission cities in Odisha : Bhubaneswar and Puri
•7 years GOI allocation : Rs. 58.74 crore
•No of projects sanctioned: 6 ( 4 in Bhubaneswar and
2 in Puri)
•Total 2508 dwelling units ( Bhubaneswar- 2153
D.Ws, Puri- 355 DWs) with infrastructure facilities.
FUND:
•Total project cost: Rs. 68.00crore
•ACA component: Rs. 54.27 crore
•State share: Rs. 13.73 crore
Implementation status:
•Out of 2508 dwelling units, work under progress for
563 units. Due to nil participation in tender even after
repeated tenders, permitting NGOs to executive the
works is approved.
•Total Expenditure: Rs.4.27 crore
(Source: http://www.urbanodisha.gov.in/)
ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN
TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT)
AMRUT
INTRODUCTION:
• After replacing the decade old planning commission with NITI Ayog, the Government of India planned to replace the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM) to Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation(AMRUT).
• This scheme is named after former PM- Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• On 29-April-2015, Sri Narendra Modi approved the progrmmes.
AIM OF PROGRAMME:
• To focused on urban development in Indian cities and to focused on slum free city where 500 cities and town will be
rejuvenated.
• AMRUT will primarily, include the major components of JNNURM scheme only with the inclusion of few new
additions.
FUNDING:
1. AMRUT: 48,000 CRORE FOR 500 CITIES
2. SMART CITY MISSION: 50,000 CRORE FOR 100 SMART CITIES.
FOCUSED AREA:
1. Cities and towns each with a population of one lakh and above
2. Some cities situated on stems of main rivers
3. Capital cities and important cities located in hilly areas
4. Islands and tourist areas
102 and 296 projects under JnNURM respectively
will get Central support for balance funding to
complete these projects.
Funding Criteria:
1. Central assistance will be to the extent of 50
percent of project cost for cities and towns with a
population of up to 10 lakh
2. One-third of the project cost for those with a
population of above 10 lakh.
3. Central assistance will be released in three
instalments in the ratio of 20:40:40 based on
achievement of milestones indicated in State
Annual Action Plans.
HOUSING FOR ALL
HOUSING FOR ALL
INTRODUCTION:
• This scheme was launched by the Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi on 17th June 2015 at New Delhi.
AIM OF SCHEME:
 The aim of the scheme is to provided housing to all by 2022 with basic infrastructure facilities.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Housing for all people such as; HIG, MIG, LIG, EWS, Urban Poor by 2022.
2. Relief on loan for the urban poor to promote affordable homes.
3. Rs 2.30 lakh loan to each urban poor and as a result this the monthly EMI would come down to Rs 2,852 per month.
4. From 10.50 interest rate to 6.50 percent subsidy for other people. EMI- Rs 4,050 per month.
5. Rs 1 lakh on an average per beneficiary would be provided to beneficiaries in slums for redevelopment.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING:
• Housing loans for affordable housing would be available at only 4 percent.
FOCUSED AREA:
 Mission will be taken up in all the 4,041 cities and towns.
 Initially, focus would be on 500 cities and towns with a population of one lakh and above each, as they account for
about 75 percent of urban population.
PHASING:
 Hundred such cities will be included in Phase-1 (20015-March, 2017)
 and 200 cities in Phase-2 (April,
2017-March 2019) and the remaining would be covered during 2019-22.
National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)
NSDP
INTRODUCTION:
• The National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) was inaugurated and launched by the Prime Minister in 1st
september 2006.
OBJECTIVES:
• Upgradation of urban slums by providing physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath,
widening and paving of existing lanes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc.
• The programme also had a component of shelter up gradation or construction of new housing.
• provision of community infrastructure and social amenities like pre school education, non formal education adult
education, child health and primary health care etc.
SPONSORED BY:
• Central Government.
FUNDING PATTERN:
• Funds are allocated to States on the basis of urban
slum population.
BENEFICIARIES:
• Individual, Family, Community.
NSDP
PROVISIONS:
1. Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath, widening and paving of existing
lanes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc.
2. Community Infrastructure: Provision of community centres to be used for pre-school education, non-formal
education, adult education, recreational activities etc.
3. Community Primary Health Care Centre Buildings can be provided (It is proposed that after creation of infrastructure
facilities the concerned municipalities will seek the support of Registered Medical Practitioners/Government Doctors in
the State/NGOs/CBOs/Philanthropic Associations to man these centres.
4. Social Amenities like Pre-school education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity, child health and Primary
health care including immunisation etc.
5. Provision for shelter: The scheme must have a component of shelter upgradation or construction of new houses
(including EWS) as may be required. This is a necessity if genuine slum improvement is to be done. Not less than 10%
of the allocation to States under this assistance shall be utilized for construction and/or upgradation of houses for the
urban poor.
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana(VAMBAY)
VAMBAY
The VAMBAY( Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana) was started
in December 2001, to improve the circumstances of the slum
inhabitants in urban areas living under the poverty row
lacking sufficient refuge.
This scheme was formally launched by the then Humble
Prime Minister himself on 2nd December 2001, at
Hyderabad.
This is the first scheme of its kind meant exclusively for
slum dwellers with a the Central Government gives a subsidy
of fifty percent, the remaining fifty percent being approved
by the Government of State.
The State’s share may consist of funds from any source in
the form of subsidy or loan from Housing and Urban
Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) or any other
agency.
The plan has the main aim of assist the building & up-
gradation of house for slum residents & offering healthy &
enabling urban surroundings by society toilets in the Nirmal
BharatAbhiyan, a constituent of the proposal.
During the year of 2003-04, Central financial support to the
amount of 239 crore Rs. has been given. Since beginning up
to 2004, May 522 crore Rs. has been given by Government of
India.
INTRODUCTION OF VAMBAY
The objective of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana is
primarily to provide shelter or upgrade the existing shelter for
people living Below Poverty Line in Urban Slums, with a
view to achieve the goal of “Shelter for All”.
The objective is also to utilize this initiative to achieve the
Habitat goal of slum less cities.
 To provide not just shelter for the urban poor but also a
healthy and enabling urban environment, to help them to
come out of their poverty level.
Housing in VAMBAY scheme
Housing under VAMBAY scheme in
KCT Mill, Dharwad
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
VAMBAY
TARGET GROUP
The target group under the VAMBAY are the slum dwellers
in Urban areas who are below the poverty line including
members of the EWS who do not posses adequate shelter.
NIRMAL BHARAT AVIYAN
To cover not only inadequacy of houses or tenements but also
other basic amenities such as Water Supply, toilet facilities,
disposal system etc., which make habitation livable and
environment friendly.
ALLOCATION AND RELEASE OF FUNDS
Table: Allocation of funds in different years
(Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation)
UPPER LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION
VAMBAY house will be maximum Rs 40,000/- including
provision for sanitary latrine for an area of not less than 15
Sq.mt.
50% i.e. Rs 20,000/- is Central Subsidy and the remaining
50% may be either grant from State Government or loan
from HUDCO.
Construction Type Normal
areas
Difficult
areas
Construction of house including sanitary
latrine
35,000 37,500
Cost of providing infrastructure and
common facilities
5,000 7,500
Total Rs. 40,000 45,000
(Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation)
RESERVATIONS FOR HOUSE
SC/ST : Not less than 50%
Backward classes : 30%
Other weaker Sections: 15% (OBC, BC, etc as defined by
the State Govt.)
Physically & Mentally disabled And handicapped persons :
5.
Table: Construction of houses for different areas
VAMBAY
ALLOTMENT OF HOUSE
Allotment of dwelling units shall be in the name of the
female member of the household.
It can be allotted in the name of husband and wife jointly.
The title to the land will be in the name of the selected
beneficiary.
VAMBAY, say 20% may utilized also for upgrading
existing houses in slums.
50% of ceiling specified for construction of new houses
20% of the total allocation under this VAMBAY will be
used for infrastructure
TYPES OF DESIGN FOR VAMBAY HOUSE
No hard and fast type design is prescribed for VAMBAY
dwelling units.
A new house should normally be not less than 15 sq. meter.
The lay out, size and type design of VAMBAY dwelling
units would depend on the local condition and preferences of
the beneficiary.
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
To mobilize other resources for provision of water supply,
sanitation electricity etc.
Schools, hospitals, transport links etc are mandatory for
sanction of VAMBAY projects.
Social infrastructure including green areas, open spaces
and recreational areas must be an integral part of VAMBAY
designing
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
The availability of drinking water supply should be
ensured by the concerned Urban Local Body.
25% of the funds under the scheme will be spent in
providing water & sanitation which includes 20% earmarked
for Community Sanitation Project- Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan.
SANITATION & SANITARY LATRINES
Individual toilets are not possible or affordable, the
community toilets as part of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan will
be encouraged and established.
The norms for Town and Country planning of the State
Government and the rules and bye-laws of the Local Bodies,
should be kept in view while the implementation of the
scheme.
No provision is made for Land acquisition in Valmiki
Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY).
A new National City Sanitation Project under the title
of “Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan” is an integral sub
component of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
(VAMBAY)
VAMBAY
CASE STUDY OFVAMBAY HOUSING PROGRAM IN
KARNATAKA
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) is a Centre-
State partnership scheme to provide homes and improve the
living conditions of the slum households.
 Karnataka Slum Clearance Board is the nodal agency in
the State of Karnataka for implementing this program.
 KSCB has associated with KARNIK for construction of
2091 houses in the first phase covering 23 slums in 12
districts.
 The actual construction work was done through the
network of district Nirmithi Kendras.
The unit cost for each unit is Rs 40000.00 in all towns and
Rs 60000.00 in Bangalore and the minimum plinth area to be
provided is 150 Sq ft.
 Houses are built as individual, twin or row houses
depending on the site conditions.
cost-saving construction practices such as Concrete blocks
masonry, RCC door and window frames, GFRP shutters and
organizing the production of building components at site.
In the second phase 800 houses that were entrusted has also
been completed. In Third phase work on 400 houses is in
progress
VAMBAY house in Bagalkot
VAMBAY house in Siddappaji
Cross, Mysore
Tagore Road , Gadag
KCT Mill , Dharwad
(Source: http://www.nirmithi.kar.nic.in/)
INDIRAAWAS YOJANA(IAY)
IAY
INDIRAAWAAS YOJANA
Indira Awaas Yojana a social welfare programme, created
by the Indian Government, to provide housing for the rural
poor in India.
 It is one of the major flagship programs of the Rural
Development Ministry to construct houses for BPL
population in the villages.
It was Started in 1985 as part of the Rural Landless
Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP), Indira Awaas
Yojana (IAY) was subsumed in Jawahar rojgar Yojana (JRY)
in 1989 and has been operating as an independent scheme
since 1996, 1st january.
 From 1995–96 the scheme has been further extended to
widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action,
ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces
ETC.
PURPOSE OF INDIRAAWAAS YOJANA
The broad purpose of the scheme is to provide financial
assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them
to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for
their personal living.
 The vision of the government is to replace all temporary
(kutchcha) houses from Indian villages by 2017.
(Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/)
TARGET GROUP
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers,
minorities and non-SC/ST rural households in
the BPL category, widows and next-of-kin to defence
personnel/paramilitary forces killed in action (irrespective of
their income criteria), ex-servicemen and retired members
of paramilitary forces residing in rural areas form the
primary target group of eligible candidates for the IAY
Scheme.
COMPONENTS OF THE SCHEME
IAY has the following components:
 Assistance for construction of a new house
a. A new house‘ would mean a house constructed with a
minimum built up area of at least 20 sq. mts. excluding
the toilet.
b. IAY house has to be pucca‘ in the sense that it should
be able to withstand normal wear and tear due to usage
and natural forces including climatic conditions, with
reasonable maintenance, for at least 30 years.
 Up gradation of kutcha or dilapidated houses
Up gradation means improvement of such a
kutcha/dilapidated house to a standard similar to a new
house.
IAY
Provision of house sites:
The District Collector should identify public lands available
in the habitations and allot to the Land less person.
Special projects:
Five percent of IAY allocation retained at the Central level as
reserve fund. Special Projects for utilizing the reserve fund
can be posed by the States/UTs for the following purposes;
A. Rehabilitation of BPL families affected by natural
calamities.
B. Rehabilitation of BPL families affected by violence and
law and order problems
C. Settlement of freed bonded labourers and liberated
manual scavengers.
D. Settlement of particularly vulnerable tribal groups.
E. New technology demonstration – especially with focus on
affordable and green technologies.FUNDING PATTERN
The cost of the scheme except the component for provision of
house sites would be shared between Government of India and State
Governments in the ratio 75:25.
In the case of North Eastern States the ratio is 90:10.
ALLOCATION OF FUNDS
95% of the total budget would be utilized for the components
relating to new houses, up gradation of houses & 5% reserved for
special projects.
AGENCIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
At the district level the implementation should be entrusted to Zilla
Parishad.
At the local level, the Village Panchayat, or its equivalent where
the State has no Village Panchayats, would implement the
programme.
FINANCIALASSISTANCE
Under the scheme, financial assistance worth Rs.70,000/- in
plain areas and Rs.75,000/- in difficult areas (high land area)
is provided for construction of houses.
ALLOTMENT OF HOUSE
Allotment of the IAY house shall be jointly in the name of
husband and wife except in the case of a widow/unmarried
/separated person.
CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE
The construction should be carried out by the beneficiary
himself/herself.
No contractor should be involved in the construction of
houses under IAY.
Government departments or agencies can give technical
assistance or arrange for coordinated supply of material such
as cement, steel or
IAY
Or prefabricated components if the beneficiaries so desire.
construction may be entrusted to reputed agencies in the
case of very old beneficiaries above sixty years of age and
persons with disabilities who may not be able to stand the
strain of supervisory construction and who request for such
support in writing.DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARD
There should not be any mandatory type design.
A menu of options in respect of use of materials and
building technologies as appropriate locally, may be provided
to the beneficiary along with the cost implications and the
choice should be left to the beneficiary.
The layout of the house should also be decided by the
beneficiary.
the house should have, Adequate space for pursuing
livelihood activities, A verandah, Stair case to go to the top
of the house.
Table: Timelines for construction:
STAGE LEVEL TIME LIMIT
Stage 1 Construction upto lintel
level
Nine months from date of
release of first instalment
Stage 2 Completion Nine months from date of
release of second instalment
(Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/)
APPROPRIATE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
The State should proactively identify appropriate building
technologies focusing on use of local materials.
Appropriate good construction practices;
A. Half Brick Wall
B. Rat-trap Bond
C. Jali Wall
D. Filler Slabs
E. Arches
F. Frameless Doors And Windows
G. Rubble Masonry
H. Bamboo Construction
I. Mud Construction
J. Built-in Furniture
CONVERGENCE OF IAY
A. Toilet: For all IAY houses, construction of toilets under
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) is mandatory.
B. Drinking water: Potable drinking water should be
provided to all IAY households by converging the State
and Central Government programmes relating to drinking
water.
C. Electricity: Electrification should be provided under
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
or any State scheme and in areas where there is no
electricity, solar lights should be provided.
IAY
D. Land development: The Scheme is also be used for soil conservation and protection, bio-fencing, planting of avenue
trees, construction of playgrounds, etc.
E. Connectivity: Connectivity may be provided in the form of paved pathways, roads or steps using MGNREGS and
relevant State schemes.
FUNDING PATTERN:
(Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/)
Table: Funding pattern for IAY housing
BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR(BSUP)
BSUP
INTRODUCTION OF BSUP
Like National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) and
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY), BSUP also aim
at an integrated development of slums, which includes slum-
level infrastructure and housing. This scheme was officially
inaugurated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 3
December 2005.
OBJECTIVES OF BSUP
Focused attention to integrated development of basic
services to the urban poor.
Security of tenure at affordable price, improved housing,
water supply, sanitation.
Convergence of services in the fields of education, health
and social security.
Providing housing near the place of occupation of the urban
poor.
Effective linkage between asset creation and asset
management to ensure efficiency.
Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of
utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.
Ensuring adequate investment of funds to fulfill
deficiencies in the basic services to the urban poor.
COMPONENTS OF BSUP
The basic components under BSUP such as:
Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and
development of infrastructure projects in the slums in the
identified cities.
Projects for development/improvement/maintenance of basic
services to urban poor; Slum improvement and rehabilitation
projects.
Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community
toilets/baths etc; Houses at affordable costs for slum
dwellers/urban poor/EWS/LIG categories.
Construction and improvements of drains/storm water drains;
Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste
management
Street lighting
Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care centers, etc.
Operation and maintenance of assets created under this
component.
Convergence of health, education and social security schemes
for the urban poor.
FUNDS RELEASE UNDER BSUP
(Source: mhupa.gov.in/ jnnurm.nic.in)
Cities with million plus: 50 % Centre share 50 %
State/ULB/Beneficiary Share
Cities/Towns in the North Eastern and Jammu & Kashmir
: 90 % Centre share 10 % State/ULB/Beneficiary Share
BSUP
COVERAGE OF BSUP
The BSUP covers 65 cities and towns. These are such as;
Seven cities having 4 million plus population as per the
2001 Census.
28 cities having 1 million, but less than 4 million
populations.
30 selected cities of religious/historic and tourist
importance.
CASE STUDY: BSUP PROJECTS OF BHUBANESWAR
CITY
The Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation has
approved 5 projects under the Basic Services to the Urban Poor
(BSUP) in Orissa. These projects have been approved by the
Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee and Central
Sanctioning Committee.
Total project cost: 67.17 crore
Total dwelling units: 2316 dwelling units
Approved money: Central Government-48.77 crore and State
Government- 18.40 crore.
The total Additional Central Assistance of Rs. 12.19 crore
has also been released by the Ministry of Finance.
Nodal Agencies for project: BMC and BDA.
Site Allocation for projects: Gadakan,
Damana,Chandrasekharpur, Nayapali, Bharatpur and Dumdama.
Housing under BSUP in Gadakan
Housing under BSUP in Damana
Housing plan under BSUP in Gadakan
(Source: www.sparcnirman.org/.../BSUP)
RAJIV RINN YOJANA(RRN)
RRN
INTRODUCTION:
It is also formulated to channelize institutional credit to the poorer segments of the society and increasing home
ownership in the country along with addressing housing shortage. RRY has been formulated by modifying the Interest
Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP) piloted in the 11th Plan period with enhanced scope and
coverage. RRY is a Central Sector Scheme applicable in all the urban areas of the Country.
When was it launched: October 1, 2013
Aim:
1 million (or 10 lakh) dwellings across country including slum and non-slum dwellers
OBJECTIVES:
To channelize institutional credit to the poorer segments of the society
Increase home ownership in the country and address housing shortage
Enhance affordability of loans
Prevent proliferation of slums and squatter settlements
Attracting private investment into the desired segments of housing and lead to a demand led growth in housing stock.
FEATURES:
Purpose: Home loan with Central Government interest subsidy to EWS/LIG persons for acquisition/ construction of
house.
Eligibility: EWS (average annual income up to Rs. 1,00,000/-). LIG (average annual income up to 2,00,000/-)
Loan amount admissible: EWS – Rs. 5,00,000; LIG – Rs. 8,00,000. Tenure: 15-20 years

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JNnURM

  • 2. SLUM INTRODUCTION: •As per UN-habitant a slum is characterised by lack of durable housing, insufficient living area, and lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitation and insecure tenure. •A slum is an area of a city where poor people live and the buildings are in bad condition. A slum is a densely populated area of substandard housing, usually in a city, characterized by unsanitary conditions and social disorganization. •A Slum has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health. As per the Census 2011- •All specified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ 1956. •All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act. •A compact area of at least 300 populations and about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenement, unhygienic environment, usually with inadequate in infrastructure and lacking- in proper sanitation and drinking water facilities.
  • 3. SLUM Characteristics of slums: •Over crowded area •Scattered development or unplanned area •Lack of sanitation and drainage and health facilities •Temporary housing •High rate of crime •Encroach public/ private land •Lack of basic infrastructure facilities •Socially isolated areas •Lower income groups •Lack of open spaces •Low literacy rates •Fire hazards •Diverse population Causes of slums: •Employment or Economic Condition: Those people who are migrated from other cities of villages for jobs and work purpose they are stated living in the slum after not finding any jobs or works. •Shortage of Affordable housing: Basically the shortage of houses in Indian is the main cause of slums. For urbanization in urban areas and the shortage of affordable houses makes people to live in the slums. •Rural-urban migration: Rural-urban migration is one of the causes attributed to the formation and expansion of slums. Because many people move to urban areas primarily because cities promise more jobs, better schools for poor's children, and diverse income opportunities than subsistence farming in rural areas. •Poverty: Urban poverty encourages the formation and demand for slums because slums are the only option for urban poor. •Natural Disaster: Major natural disasters in poor nations often lead to migration of disaster-affected families from areas crippled by the disaster to unaffected areas, the creation of temporary tent city and slums, or expansion of existing slums. •Industrialization: Most of the uneducated persons are working in industry. As per the high coast of land they are not eligible to buy land for home. And if the industry would placed distance from the city, poor people start living in slums near to the factory or industry. Basically more number of slums was placed near to the industrial areas. •Education/ literacy: Now a day, India’s literacy rate is too much low. Due to lack of education people’s source of income was low, that why they were living in the slums.
  • 5. JnNURM INTRODUCTION: • It stands for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and started on 3rd December 2005 by Government of India. AIM OF THE MISSION: •To encourage cities to initiate steps to bring about improvement in the existing service levels in a financially sustainable manner. OBJECTIVES: i. To create economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. ii. Integrated development of infrastructure services iii. Planned development of cities including the peri-urban areas, outgrowths, and urban corridors. iv. Renewal and re-development of inner city areas. v. Universalization of urban services so as to ensure their availability to the urban poor. MAJOR FOCUSED/ SUB-MISSION: 1. Urban Infrastructure and Governance, under the ministry of Urban Development. 2. Basic Services to Urban Poor, under the ministry of Urban poverty alleviation. ELIGIBLE CITIES: • Category A : More than 4 million population – 7 cities • Category B: Million plus Cities between 1 to 4 million population – 28 cities • Category C: Cities / UAs with less than one million population – 28 cities
  • 6. JnNURM FUNDING PATTERN: BUDGET: •Total budget around 50000 Crores. Category Population (2001 census) No. of Cities Funding Pattern (%) Grant State / ULB/Parastatal share, Including Beneficiary ContributionCentral Govt. A > 4 Million 7 50 50 B 1-4 Million 28 50 50 C For cities in NE states & J&K 90 10 Other Selected Cities / UAs < 1 Million 28 80 20 Year BSUP IHSDP 2005-2006 334 Crore for both BSUP And IHSDP 2006-2007 1000 Crore 500 Crore 2007-2008 1501 Crore 490 Crore 2008-2009 1880.35 Crore 613.84 Crore 2009-2010 2267.35 Crore 1113.85 Crore Year wise central allocation for BSUP and IHSDP:
  • 7. JnNURM DURATION OF PROGRAMME: • It was launched in 2005 for a seven-year period (up to March 2012) to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing phased improvements in their civic service levels. • But the government has extended the tenure of the mission for two years, i.e., from April 2012 to March 31, 2014. COMPONENT: • Urban Infrastructure Development of Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT). Focus: Subsuming the schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) and Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP). • Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP). Focus: Providing the entire population with safe and adequate water supply facilities. The program is mainly implemented in towns with populations less than 20,000 as per the 1991 census. JNNURM PROJECTS FOR ODISHA: 1) Four projects sanctioned for Bhubaneswar city under JNNURM. i. City bus services ii. Storm water drainage iii. Conservation of Bindusagar iv. Integrated sewer system v. BSUP project 2) Two projects for Puri under JNNURM. i. 24x7 Piped Water Supply to Puri Town ii. Storm water drainage system for Puri town
  • 8. JNNURM PROJECTS JNNURM PROJECTS FOR ODISHA: 1) Four projects sanctioned for Bhubaneswar city under JNNURM. i. City bus services ii. Storm water drainage iii. Conservation of Bindusagar iv. Integrated sewer system v. BSUP project 2) Two projects for Puri under JNNURM. i. 24x7 Piped Water Supply to Puri Town ii. Storm water drainage system for Puri town Sub-Mission I (Urban Infrastructure and Governance): •Total number of projects sanctioned: 7 (2006-07: 2 nos, 2008-09: 4 nos, 2009-10: 1 nos) FUNDS: •Total project cost : Rs. 83177.65 lakh •ACA component : Rs. 65296.51 lakh •State share : Rs. 8940.57 lakh •ULB share : Rs. 8940.57 lakh Sub-Mission II (Basic Services to Urban Poor) •Mission cities in Odisha : Bhubaneswar and Puri •7 years GOI allocation : Rs. 58.74 crore •No of projects sanctioned: 6 ( 4 in Bhubaneswar and 2 in Puri) •Total 2508 dwelling units ( Bhubaneswar- 2153 D.Ws, Puri- 355 DWs) with infrastructure facilities. FUND: •Total project cost: Rs. 68.00crore •ACA component: Rs. 54.27 crore •State share: Rs. 13.73 crore Implementation status: •Out of 2508 dwelling units, work under progress for 563 units. Due to nil participation in tender even after repeated tenders, permitting NGOs to executive the works is approved. •Total Expenditure: Rs.4.27 crore (Source: http://www.urbanodisha.gov.in/)
  • 9. ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT)
  • 10. AMRUT INTRODUCTION: • After replacing the decade old planning commission with NITI Ayog, the Government of India planned to replace the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM) to Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation(AMRUT). • This scheme is named after former PM- Atal Bihari Vajpayee. • On 29-April-2015, Sri Narendra Modi approved the progrmmes. AIM OF PROGRAMME: • To focused on urban development in Indian cities and to focused on slum free city where 500 cities and town will be rejuvenated. • AMRUT will primarily, include the major components of JNNURM scheme only with the inclusion of few new additions. FUNDING: 1. AMRUT: 48,000 CRORE FOR 500 CITIES 2. SMART CITY MISSION: 50,000 CRORE FOR 100 SMART CITIES. FOCUSED AREA: 1. Cities and towns each with a population of one lakh and above 2. Some cities situated on stems of main rivers 3. Capital cities and important cities located in hilly areas 4. Islands and tourist areas 102 and 296 projects under JnNURM respectively will get Central support for balance funding to complete these projects. Funding Criteria: 1. Central assistance will be to the extent of 50 percent of project cost for cities and towns with a population of up to 10 lakh 2. One-third of the project cost for those with a population of above 10 lakh. 3. Central assistance will be released in three instalments in the ratio of 20:40:40 based on achievement of milestones indicated in State Annual Action Plans.
  • 12. HOUSING FOR ALL INTRODUCTION: • This scheme was launched by the Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi on 17th June 2015 at New Delhi. AIM OF SCHEME:  The aim of the scheme is to provided housing to all by 2022 with basic infrastructure facilities. OBJECTIVES: 1. Housing for all people such as; HIG, MIG, LIG, EWS, Urban Poor by 2022. 2. Relief on loan for the urban poor to promote affordable homes. 3. Rs 2.30 lakh loan to each urban poor and as a result this the monthly EMI would come down to Rs 2,852 per month. 4. From 10.50 interest rate to 6.50 percent subsidy for other people. EMI- Rs 4,050 per month. 5. Rs 1 lakh on an average per beneficiary would be provided to beneficiaries in slums for redevelopment. AFFORDABLE HOUSING: • Housing loans for affordable housing would be available at only 4 percent. FOCUSED AREA:  Mission will be taken up in all the 4,041 cities and towns.  Initially, focus would be on 500 cities and towns with a population of one lakh and above each, as they account for about 75 percent of urban population. PHASING:  Hundred such cities will be included in Phase-1 (20015-March, 2017)  and 200 cities in Phase-2 (April, 2017-March 2019) and the remaining would be covered during 2019-22.
  • 13. National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)
  • 14. NSDP INTRODUCTION: • The National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) was inaugurated and launched by the Prime Minister in 1st september 2006. OBJECTIVES: • Upgradation of urban slums by providing physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath, widening and paving of existing lanes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc. • The programme also had a component of shelter up gradation or construction of new housing. • provision of community infrastructure and social amenities like pre school education, non formal education adult education, child health and primary health care etc. SPONSORED BY: • Central Government. FUNDING PATTERN: • Funds are allocated to States on the basis of urban slum population. BENEFICIARIES: • Individual, Family, Community.
  • 15. NSDP PROVISIONS: 1. Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath, widening and paving of existing lanes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc. 2. Community Infrastructure: Provision of community centres to be used for pre-school education, non-formal education, adult education, recreational activities etc. 3. Community Primary Health Care Centre Buildings can be provided (It is proposed that after creation of infrastructure facilities the concerned municipalities will seek the support of Registered Medical Practitioners/Government Doctors in the State/NGOs/CBOs/Philanthropic Associations to man these centres. 4. Social Amenities like Pre-school education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity, child health and Primary health care including immunisation etc. 5. Provision for shelter: The scheme must have a component of shelter upgradation or construction of new houses (including EWS) as may be required. This is a necessity if genuine slum improvement is to be done. Not less than 10% of the allocation to States under this assistance shall be utilized for construction and/or upgradation of houses for the urban poor.
  • 16. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana(VAMBAY)
  • 17. VAMBAY The VAMBAY( Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana) was started in December 2001, to improve the circumstances of the slum inhabitants in urban areas living under the poverty row lacking sufficient refuge. This scheme was formally launched by the then Humble Prime Minister himself on 2nd December 2001, at Hyderabad. This is the first scheme of its kind meant exclusively for slum dwellers with a the Central Government gives a subsidy of fifty percent, the remaining fifty percent being approved by the Government of State. The State’s share may consist of funds from any source in the form of subsidy or loan from Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO) or any other agency. The plan has the main aim of assist the building & up- gradation of house for slum residents & offering healthy & enabling urban surroundings by society toilets in the Nirmal BharatAbhiyan, a constituent of the proposal. During the year of 2003-04, Central financial support to the amount of 239 crore Rs. has been given. Since beginning up to 2004, May 522 crore Rs. has been given by Government of India. INTRODUCTION OF VAMBAY The objective of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana is primarily to provide shelter or upgrade the existing shelter for people living Below Poverty Line in Urban Slums, with a view to achieve the goal of “Shelter for All”. The objective is also to utilize this initiative to achieve the Habitat goal of slum less cities.  To provide not just shelter for the urban poor but also a healthy and enabling urban environment, to help them to come out of their poverty level. Housing in VAMBAY scheme Housing under VAMBAY scheme in KCT Mill, Dharwad AIM AND OBJECTIVES
  • 18. VAMBAY TARGET GROUP The target group under the VAMBAY are the slum dwellers in Urban areas who are below the poverty line including members of the EWS who do not posses adequate shelter. NIRMAL BHARAT AVIYAN To cover not only inadequacy of houses or tenements but also other basic amenities such as Water Supply, toilet facilities, disposal system etc., which make habitation livable and environment friendly. ALLOCATION AND RELEASE OF FUNDS Table: Allocation of funds in different years (Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation) UPPER LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION VAMBAY house will be maximum Rs 40,000/- including provision for sanitary latrine for an area of not less than 15 Sq.mt. 50% i.e. Rs 20,000/- is Central Subsidy and the remaining 50% may be either grant from State Government or loan from HUDCO. Construction Type Normal areas Difficult areas Construction of house including sanitary latrine 35,000 37,500 Cost of providing infrastructure and common facilities 5,000 7,500 Total Rs. 40,000 45,000 (Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation) RESERVATIONS FOR HOUSE SC/ST : Not less than 50% Backward classes : 30% Other weaker Sections: 15% (OBC, BC, etc as defined by the State Govt.) Physically & Mentally disabled And handicapped persons : 5. Table: Construction of houses for different areas
  • 19. VAMBAY ALLOTMENT OF HOUSE Allotment of dwelling units shall be in the name of the female member of the household. It can be allotted in the name of husband and wife jointly. The title to the land will be in the name of the selected beneficiary. VAMBAY, say 20% may utilized also for upgrading existing houses in slums. 50% of ceiling specified for construction of new houses 20% of the total allocation under this VAMBAY will be used for infrastructure TYPES OF DESIGN FOR VAMBAY HOUSE No hard and fast type design is prescribed for VAMBAY dwelling units. A new house should normally be not less than 15 sq. meter. The lay out, size and type design of VAMBAY dwelling units would depend on the local condition and preferences of the beneficiary. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE To mobilize other resources for provision of water supply, sanitation electricity etc. Schools, hospitals, transport links etc are mandatory for sanction of VAMBAY projects. Social infrastructure including green areas, open spaces and recreational areas must be an integral part of VAMBAY designing DRINKING WATER SUPPLY The availability of drinking water supply should be ensured by the concerned Urban Local Body. 25% of the funds under the scheme will be spent in providing water & sanitation which includes 20% earmarked for Community Sanitation Project- Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. SANITATION & SANITARY LATRINES Individual toilets are not possible or affordable, the community toilets as part of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan will be encouraged and established. The norms for Town and Country planning of the State Government and the rules and bye-laws of the Local Bodies, should be kept in view while the implementation of the scheme. No provision is made for Land acquisition in Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY). A new National City Sanitation Project under the title of “Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan” is an integral sub component of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
  • 20. VAMBAY CASE STUDY OFVAMBAY HOUSING PROGRAM IN KARNATAKA Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) is a Centre- State partnership scheme to provide homes and improve the living conditions of the slum households.  Karnataka Slum Clearance Board is the nodal agency in the State of Karnataka for implementing this program.  KSCB has associated with KARNIK for construction of 2091 houses in the first phase covering 23 slums in 12 districts.  The actual construction work was done through the network of district Nirmithi Kendras. The unit cost for each unit is Rs 40000.00 in all towns and Rs 60000.00 in Bangalore and the minimum plinth area to be provided is 150 Sq ft.  Houses are built as individual, twin or row houses depending on the site conditions. cost-saving construction practices such as Concrete blocks masonry, RCC door and window frames, GFRP shutters and organizing the production of building components at site. In the second phase 800 houses that were entrusted has also been completed. In Third phase work on 400 houses is in progress VAMBAY house in Bagalkot VAMBAY house in Siddappaji Cross, Mysore Tagore Road , Gadag KCT Mill , Dharwad (Source: http://www.nirmithi.kar.nic.in/)
  • 22. IAY INDIRAAWAAS YOJANA Indira Awaas Yojana a social welfare programme, created by the Indian Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India.  It is one of the major flagship programs of the Rural Development Ministry to construct houses for BPL population in the villages. It was Started in 1985 as part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP), Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was subsumed in Jawahar rojgar Yojana (JRY) in 1989 and has been operating as an independent scheme since 1996, 1st january.  From 1995–96 the scheme has been further extended to widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces ETC. PURPOSE OF INDIRAAWAAS YOJANA The broad purpose of the scheme is to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living.  The vision of the government is to replace all temporary (kutchcha) houses from Indian villages by 2017. (Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/) TARGET GROUP Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities and non-SC/ST rural households in the BPL category, widows and next-of-kin to defence personnel/paramilitary forces killed in action (irrespective of their income criteria), ex-servicemen and retired members of paramilitary forces residing in rural areas form the primary target group of eligible candidates for the IAY Scheme. COMPONENTS OF THE SCHEME IAY has the following components:  Assistance for construction of a new house a. A new house‘ would mean a house constructed with a minimum built up area of at least 20 sq. mts. excluding the toilet. b. IAY house has to be pucca‘ in the sense that it should be able to withstand normal wear and tear due to usage and natural forces including climatic conditions, with reasonable maintenance, for at least 30 years.  Up gradation of kutcha or dilapidated houses Up gradation means improvement of such a kutcha/dilapidated house to a standard similar to a new house.
  • 23. IAY Provision of house sites: The District Collector should identify public lands available in the habitations and allot to the Land less person. Special projects: Five percent of IAY allocation retained at the Central level as reserve fund. Special Projects for utilizing the reserve fund can be posed by the States/UTs for the following purposes; A. Rehabilitation of BPL families affected by natural calamities. B. Rehabilitation of BPL families affected by violence and law and order problems C. Settlement of freed bonded labourers and liberated manual scavengers. D. Settlement of particularly vulnerable tribal groups. E. New technology demonstration – especially with focus on affordable and green technologies.FUNDING PATTERN The cost of the scheme except the component for provision of house sites would be shared between Government of India and State Governments in the ratio 75:25. In the case of North Eastern States the ratio is 90:10. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS 95% of the total budget would be utilized for the components relating to new houses, up gradation of houses & 5% reserved for special projects. AGENCIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION At the district level the implementation should be entrusted to Zilla Parishad. At the local level, the Village Panchayat, or its equivalent where the State has no Village Panchayats, would implement the programme. FINANCIALASSISTANCE Under the scheme, financial assistance worth Rs.70,000/- in plain areas and Rs.75,000/- in difficult areas (high land area) is provided for construction of houses. ALLOTMENT OF HOUSE Allotment of the IAY house shall be jointly in the name of husband and wife except in the case of a widow/unmarried /separated person. CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE The construction should be carried out by the beneficiary himself/herself. No contractor should be involved in the construction of houses under IAY. Government departments or agencies can give technical assistance or arrange for coordinated supply of material such as cement, steel or
  • 24. IAY Or prefabricated components if the beneficiaries so desire. construction may be entrusted to reputed agencies in the case of very old beneficiaries above sixty years of age and persons with disabilities who may not be able to stand the strain of supervisory construction and who request for such support in writing.DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARD There should not be any mandatory type design. A menu of options in respect of use of materials and building technologies as appropriate locally, may be provided to the beneficiary along with the cost implications and the choice should be left to the beneficiary. The layout of the house should also be decided by the beneficiary. the house should have, Adequate space for pursuing livelihood activities, A verandah, Stair case to go to the top of the house. Table: Timelines for construction: STAGE LEVEL TIME LIMIT Stage 1 Construction upto lintel level Nine months from date of release of first instalment Stage 2 Completion Nine months from date of release of second instalment (Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/) APPROPRIATE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY The State should proactively identify appropriate building technologies focusing on use of local materials. Appropriate good construction practices; A. Half Brick Wall B. Rat-trap Bond C. Jali Wall D. Filler Slabs E. Arches F. Frameless Doors And Windows G. Rubble Masonry H. Bamboo Construction I. Mud Construction J. Built-in Furniture CONVERGENCE OF IAY A. Toilet: For all IAY houses, construction of toilets under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) is mandatory. B. Drinking water: Potable drinking water should be provided to all IAY households by converging the State and Central Government programmes relating to drinking water. C. Electricity: Electrification should be provided under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) or any State scheme and in areas where there is no electricity, solar lights should be provided.
  • 25. IAY D. Land development: The Scheme is also be used for soil conservation and protection, bio-fencing, planting of avenue trees, construction of playgrounds, etc. E. Connectivity: Connectivity may be provided in the form of paved pathways, roads or steps using MGNREGS and relevant State schemes. FUNDING PATTERN: (Source: Ministry of Rural Development / http://iay.nic.in/) Table: Funding pattern for IAY housing
  • 26. BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR(BSUP)
  • 27. BSUP INTRODUCTION OF BSUP Like National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) and Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY), BSUP also aim at an integrated development of slums, which includes slum- level infrastructure and housing. This scheme was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005. OBJECTIVES OF BSUP Focused attention to integrated development of basic services to the urban poor. Security of tenure at affordable price, improved housing, water supply, sanitation. Convergence of services in the fields of education, health and social security. Providing housing near the place of occupation of the urban poor. Effective linkage between asset creation and asset management to ensure efficiency. Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor. Ensuring adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the basic services to the urban poor. COMPONENTS OF BSUP The basic components under BSUP such as: Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and development of infrastructure projects in the slums in the identified cities. Projects for development/improvement/maintenance of basic services to urban poor; Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects. Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community toilets/baths etc; Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/urban poor/EWS/LIG categories. Construction and improvements of drains/storm water drains; Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste management Street lighting Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care centers, etc. Operation and maintenance of assets created under this component. Convergence of health, education and social security schemes for the urban poor. FUNDS RELEASE UNDER BSUP (Source: mhupa.gov.in/ jnnurm.nic.in) Cities with million plus: 50 % Centre share 50 % State/ULB/Beneficiary Share Cities/Towns in the North Eastern and Jammu & Kashmir : 90 % Centre share 10 % State/ULB/Beneficiary Share
  • 28. BSUP COVERAGE OF BSUP The BSUP covers 65 cities and towns. These are such as; Seven cities having 4 million plus population as per the 2001 Census. 28 cities having 1 million, but less than 4 million populations. 30 selected cities of religious/historic and tourist importance. CASE STUDY: BSUP PROJECTS OF BHUBANESWAR CITY The Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation has approved 5 projects under the Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) in Orissa. These projects have been approved by the Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee and Central Sanctioning Committee. Total project cost: 67.17 crore Total dwelling units: 2316 dwelling units Approved money: Central Government-48.77 crore and State Government- 18.40 crore. The total Additional Central Assistance of Rs. 12.19 crore has also been released by the Ministry of Finance. Nodal Agencies for project: BMC and BDA. Site Allocation for projects: Gadakan, Damana,Chandrasekharpur, Nayapali, Bharatpur and Dumdama. Housing under BSUP in Gadakan Housing under BSUP in Damana Housing plan under BSUP in Gadakan (Source: www.sparcnirman.org/.../BSUP)
  • 30. RRN INTRODUCTION: It is also formulated to channelize institutional credit to the poorer segments of the society and increasing home ownership in the country along with addressing housing shortage. RRY has been formulated by modifying the Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP) piloted in the 11th Plan period with enhanced scope and coverage. RRY is a Central Sector Scheme applicable in all the urban areas of the Country. When was it launched: October 1, 2013 Aim: 1 million (or 10 lakh) dwellings across country including slum and non-slum dwellers OBJECTIVES: To channelize institutional credit to the poorer segments of the society Increase home ownership in the country and address housing shortage Enhance affordability of loans Prevent proliferation of slums and squatter settlements Attracting private investment into the desired segments of housing and lead to a demand led growth in housing stock. FEATURES: Purpose: Home loan with Central Government interest subsidy to EWS/LIG persons for acquisition/ construction of house. Eligibility: EWS (average annual income up to Rs. 1,00,000/-). LIG (average annual income up to 2,00,000/-) Loan amount admissible: EWS – Rs. 5,00,000; LIG – Rs. 8,00,000. Tenure: 15-20 years