5. … is a process used to develop
and validate educational
products.
… proses untuk
mengembangkan dan
memvalidasi produk pendidikan.
- Borg & Gall, 1983 -
“
6. … is the systematic study, and
evaluation process with the aim of
establishing an empirical basis for
the creation of instructional
products and tools and new or
enhanced models that govern
their development.
- Richey & Klein, 2007
“
7. - Gay, Mills & Ariasian, 2009
“… is the process of researching consumer
needs and the developing products to fullfil
those needs. The purpose of R&D efforts in
education is not to formulate or test theory,
but to develop effective products for use in
schools.
20. ANALISYS
DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT
&
FORMATIVE
EVALUATION
IMPLEMENTATION
Research &
information
collection
Planning and
prototyping
Experts review
One-to-one
evaluation
Small group
evaluation
Field test
Disemination
and
Implementation
menurut Borg & Gall (1983)
menurut Piskurich (1999)
menurut Martin Tessmer (1996)
KOMBINASI 3 AHLI
21. EARLY DESIGN
[PROTOTYPE]
EXPERT REVIEW
ONE-TO-ONE
EVALUATION
SMALL GROUP
EVALUATION
FIELD TESTREVISI
REVISI
memperoleh informasi dari perspektif ahli
[desain pembelajaran, ahli materi, ahli media, atau
ahli lain]
memperoleh informasi dari perspektif pengguna
LANGKAH
EVALUASI FORMATIF