The PPT explains 16 types of research

1. TYPES OF
Presented By:
Vaishnavi V P

2. the systematic investigation into and study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions.

3. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
 Gathers preliminary information that will help to define the problem.
 It relies on secondary data : reviewing available literature or data.
 Also qualitative data: informal interview with consumers
 Depth Interviews: Anybody with the related information.
 Case Analyses: Case history with an identical problem.
Steps:
1. Identify the problem
2. Identify alternate course of action
3. Develop Hypothesis.
4. Gain insights
5. Establish priorities for further research.

4. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Major purpose is to describe the charecteristics of objects, people, group,
organisation or environment.
It tries to paint a picture.
Answers: WHO, WHAT, WHEN & HOW???
Helps describe Market segments.
Ex: Organic Food
MBA candidates
• gender• Not
brand
oriented
• age
• Target
market
500000
West
coast
45-50
(36%)
18-34
(35%)
Men &
women
81%

5. TIME DIMENSION
Nothing is constant.
Real life and real experiments have to happen in real time.
All the distractions or time frames influence participants. Ex: Disasters
TYPES:
LONGITUDINAL
CROSS
SECTIONAL

6. CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH:
Is a type of observational study that analyses data
collected from a population, or a representative
subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-
sectional data.
each generation experiences these events differently.
Ex: Anger level
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH:
Is a research study where a sample of the population
is studied at intervals to examine the effects of
development.
Ex: The Stanford marshmallow experiment

7. CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH
Is applied to generate findings that are practically useful in reaching conclusions
or decision-making . The design usually involves the application of quantitative
methods of data collection and data analysis.
Difference between Conclusive & Exploratory research:
Exploratory Conclusive
Objectives To get insights and
understanding
To test hypothesis and
relationships
Characteristics Small, non-representative
sample
Primary data analysis is
qualitative
Large representative sample
Data analysis is quantitative
Findings Only tentative Conclusive

8. LABORATORY RESEARCH
A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or
technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.
The laboratory experiment and is also commonly used psychology, where tests have
been designed to measure the effects of sleep loss and alcohol on concentration and
reaction time,.
Example: Milgram Experiment.
Advantage:
relatively easy for the researcher to clearly outline the exact stages of the experiment,
again making exact replication easier.

9. FIELD SETTING RESEARCH
Field research or fieldwork is the collection of information outside a
laboratory, library or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used
in field research vary across disciplines. ...
Example: biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals
interacting with their environments,
whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe
people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and
social structures.
Methods:
Informal interview
Direct observation
Collective disscussion

10. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
 Known as Basic research or Pure research.
 It does not usually generate findings that have immediate applications in a practical level.
 It is driven by curiosity and the desire to expand knowledge in specific research area.
 Aim to answer the questions of why, what or how.
Example: An critical analysis of factors impacting each stage of product life cycle.
APPLIED RESEARCH
• Is a methodology used to solve a specific, practical problem of an individual or group. The study and research is
used in business, medicine and education in order to find solutions that may cure diseases, solve scientific
problems or develop technology.
Example : Ways to market products
What methods can be used to prevent criminals from acting again?

11. SIMULATION RESEARCH
 Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or
system over time.
 The act of simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this
model represents the key characteristics, behaviours and functions of the
selected physical or abstract system or process.
 can serve as a suitable substitute for constructing and understanding field
research.

12. CLINICAL RESEARCH
Clinical research is a branch of healthcare
science that determines the safety and
effectiveness of medications, devices, diagnostic
products and treatment regimens intended for
human use.
These may be used for prevention, treatment,
diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease.
TYPES:
 Treatment
 Prevention
 Diagnostic
 Genetic

13. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative methods emphasize objective
measurements and the statistical, mathematical,
or numerical analysis of data collected through
polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by
manipulating pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative Research is primarily
exploratory research. It is used to gain an
understanding of underlying reasons, opinions,
and motivations. It provides insights into the
problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses
for potential quantitative research.

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Objective / purpose To gain an understanding of underlying
reasons and motivations
To quantify data and generalize results
from a sample to the population of interest
Sample Usually a small number of non-
representative cases.
Usually a large number of cases
representing the population of interest.
Data collection Unstructured or semi-structured
techniques e.g. individual depth interviews
or group discussions.
Structured techniques such as online
questionnaires, on-street or telephone
interviews.
Data analysis Non-statistical. Statistical data is usually in the form of
tabulations (tabs). Findings are conclusive
and usually descriptive in nature.
Outcome Develop an initial understanding and sound
base for further decision making.
Used to recommend a final course of action.

15. CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
 It is the underlying understanding of something that is necessary to attain
before understanding how it is used or applied. In science, it is necessary to
understand the subject of research prior to conducting effective research.
 Popularly used in social sciences, philosophy.
 conceptual researcher sits at his desk with pen in hand and tries to solve
problems by thinking about them. He does no experiments but may make use
of observations by others.
 Should be used along with other analysis methods to get results that are more
accurate.

16. EMPHERICAL RESEARCH
Is a research using empirical evidence. It is a way of gaining
knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or
experience. ... Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct
observations or experiences) can be analysed quantitatively
or qualitatively
It can be:
Quantitative or Qualitative
Experimental or Non Experimental
Basic or Applied research
Laboratory or Field setting Research
components
introduction
method
results
Discussion
or
conclusion
Reference

17. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
It began during World War II in Britain when
teams of scientists worked with the Royal Air Force
to improve radar detection of enemy aircraft for defence.
 Is a discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods
to help make better decisions.
 Mathematical or scientific analysis of a process or operation, used in making
decisions.
Involves economic methods, data analysis, statistics, simulation, Markov
decision processes etc,.
Examples: resource allocation and replacement, inventory control, and
scheduling of large-scale construction projects.

18. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
 Analytical research is a specific type of research that involves critical thinking
skills and the evaluation of facts and information relative to
the research being conducted.
 A variety of people including students, doctors and psychologists
use analytical research during studies to find the most relevant information.
 The writers must never incorporate their personal feelings or opinions about
the topic being discussed. An analytical research paper is composed entirely
of fact-based evidence.
 Analytical approach is concentrates on the process of the final result rather
giving importance to the result.