Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag

Preservation/Preservation/
ConservationConservation
ProgramProgram
byby
Fe Angela M. VerzosaFe Angela M. Verzosa
Records Management Seminar-workshop,
Plaza del Norte Hotel, Laoag City, 16-18 April 2015

Preservation/ConservationPreservation/Conservation
ConceptsConcepts
Scope & Approaches ofScope & Approaches of
Causes of damage/deteriorationCauses of damage/deterioration
Conservation MeasuresConservation Measures
Preservation strategiesPreservation strategies
Establishing a Preservation /Establishing a Preservation /
Conservation ProgramConservation Program
Topics to be covered

Preservation vs Conservation – ANYPreservation vs Conservation – ANY
DIFFERENCE?DIFFERENCE?

What’s the difference?What’s the difference?
PreservationPreservation is ais a branchbranch
of library and informationof library and information
science concerned withscience concerned with
maintaining or restoringmaintaining or restoring
access to artifacts,access to artifacts,
documents and recordsdocuments and records
through the study, diagnosis,through the study, diagnosis,
treatment and prevention oftreatment and prevention of
decay and damage.decay and damage.
ConservationConservation refers torefers to
the treatment and repairthe treatment and repair
of individual items toof individual items to
slow decay or restoreslow decay or restore
them to a usable state.them to a usable state.
(Source:(Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archival_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archival_science)

PRESERVATIONPRESERVATION
 deals with thedeals with the acquisition,acquisition,
organization, and distributionorganization, and distribution ofof
resources (resources (human, physical,human, physical,
monetarymonetary) to ensure adequate) to ensure adequate
protection and access to historicalprotection and access to historical
and cultural information of enduringand cultural information of enduring
value for present and futurevalue for present and future
generations of users.generations of users.
 encompasses three aspects:encompasses three aspects:
planningplanning
implementationimplementation
preventionprevention

is the concentrated active
care of damaged or fragile
documents in any format.
It involves invasive
procedures, which alter
the state of documents in
order to stabilize or repair
them.

CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
 program that deals withprogram that deals with
the physical or chemicalthe physical or chemical
treatment of documentstreatment of documents
 encompasses threeencompasses three
functions:functions:
examinationexamination
preservationpreservation
restorationrestoration

Conservation FunctionsConservation Functions
 examination -- procedure takenprocedure taken to determine the original
makeup of an item and extent of its deterioration,makeup of an item and extent of its deterioration,
alteration, and loss.alteration, and loss.
 preservation -- action takenaction taken to retard/prevent deterioration
or damage by control of their environment and/oror damage by control of their environment and/or
treatment to maintain their original state, as far astreatment to maintain their original state, as far as
possible.possible.
 restoration -- action takenaction taken to return a deteriorated ora deteriorated or
damaged item to its original form.damaged item to its original form.

Principles inPrinciples in
rule of reversibilityrule of reversibility --
no procedure or treatmentno procedure or treatment
should be undertaken thatshould be undertaken that
cannot later be undone.cannot later be undone.
compatibility ofcompatibility of
problem and solutionproblem and solution..
The chosen treatment to be applied should not beThe chosen treatment to be applied should not be
greater or weaker than the problem. It may be bestgreater or weaker than the problem. It may be best
to do nothing at allto do nothing at all if no acceptable treatmentif no acceptable treatment
solution is compatible to the problem.solution is compatible to the problem.

more principles ...more principles ...
rule on restorationrule on restoration - how far reconstruc-- how far reconstruc-
tion may be undertaken without losing ortion may be undertaken without losing or
diminishing the integrity of the item ordiminishing the integrity of the item or
document.document.
documentationdocumentation - maintaining a complete- maintaining a complete
and accurate record of all treatments.and accurate record of all treatments.
Narrative descriptionNarrative description
checklist of work donechecklist of work done
photographic record (before, during, and after)photographic record (before, during, and after)

Causes of Damage/DeteriorationCauses of Damage/Deterioration
acidacid – internal factors affecting quality of paper– internal factors affecting quality of paper
 lightlight - ultraviolet rays in sunlight and fluorescent- ultraviolet rays in sunlight and fluorescent
light cause chemical changes in the paper andlight cause chemical changes in the paper and
accelerate the process of fadingaccelerate the process of fading
temperature and humiditytemperature and humidity - accelerates the growth- accelerates the growth
of mold and the internal decomposition of paperof mold and the internal decomposition of paper
air pollutionair pollution - causing discoloration, embrittlement- causing discoloration, embrittlement
and disintegration of the paper fibersand disintegration of the paper fibers
Insects and rodentsInsects and rodents

Causes of Damage/DeteriorationCauses of Damage/Deterioration
Water damageWater damage is a fairly common cause and oneis a fairly common cause and one
that should be anticipated in most disasterthat should be anticipated in most disaster
prevention/ planning programsprevention/ planning programs
PhotocopyingPhotocopying frequently damages bound volumesfrequently damages bound volumes
Shelving -Shelving - Leaning books cause undue strain on theLeaning books cause undue strain on the
spine, and tightly packed books are harmed withspine, and tightly packed books are harmed with
shelving and removal.shelving and removal.
Book dropsBook drops
Wear and tear from useWear and tear from use

retarding deteriorationretarding deterioration
 temperature and humidity controltemperature and humidity control
 filtration screens against dirt and air pollutantsfiltration screens against dirt and air pollutants
 filters againstfilters against ultraviolet and infrared raysultraviolet and infrared rays
 deacidificationdeacidification
 acid-free/rust-free storage facilitiesacid-free/rust-free storage facilities
 careful handlingcareful handling
 good housekeeping (and pest control)good housekeeping (and pest control)

acidity controlacidity control
light controllight control
pest controlpest control
temperature andtemperature and
humidity controlhumidity control
basic repairbasic repair
handling ofhandling of
materials by staffmaterials by staff
materials by usersmaterials by users

 store materials in acid-free containersstore materials in acid-free containers
 remove paper clips, staple wires, pins, string, tape, etc.remove paper clips, staple wires, pins, string, tape, etc.
while processing (use plastic clips, fasteners, etcwhile processing (use plastic clips, fasteners, etc
instead)instead)
 use metal shelving at least 4- 5 inches above floor leveluse metal shelving at least 4- 5 inches above floor level
Acid:

DeacidificationTreatmentDeacidificationTreatment
 Mass deacidification – along with microfilm and lamination– along with microfilm and lamination
- was developed during the early- and mid-20th century to- was developed during the early- and mid-20th century to
retard deterioration of paper due to acidity.retard deterioration of paper due to acidity.
 Barrows Method
William J. Barrow invented an aqueous process toWilliam J. Barrow invented an aqueous process to
neutralize acid in paper while depositing an alkaline bufferneutralize acid in paper while depositing an alkaline buffer
that would retard the rate of decay.that would retard the rate of decay.

Deacidification Methods
Barrow’s method

demonstrates how to use the Book Keeper deacidification spray unit.

BCP - Bückeburg Conservation Procedure
Deacidification Methods

PaperSave Swiss uses magnesium titanium
alkoxide (available in Swiss, Leipzig models)
Mass Deacidification MethodsMass Deacidification Methods

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_lLPVqiUZg
ZFB:2
Mass Deacidification
ZFB 2 mass deacidification process using
calcium carbonate
Deacidification processDeacidification process……

When to deacidify? Which methodWhen to deacidify? Which method
select paper in relativelyselect paper in relatively good conditiongood condition, usually with, usually with
solid bindings and text blocks (when dealing with boundsolid bindings and text blocks (when dealing with bound
materials).materials).
use is crucial. Items that areuse is crucial. Items that are heavily usedheavily used are excellentare excellent
candidates for deacidification.candidates for deacidification.
importance—if an item is a crucial part of an importantimportance—if an item is a crucial part of an important
collection, deacidifcation is the best choice even if thecollection, deacidifcation is the best choice even if the
item is not in pristine condition. Again, theitem is not in pristine condition. Again, the long-termlong-term
importance of the item and its potential useimportance of the item and its potential use to scholarsto scholars
in the future are significant considerationsin the future are significant considerations..

 store materials away from lightstore materials away from light
 keep lights off or lowkeep lights off or low
 install ultraviolet filtersinstall ultraviolet filters
 avoid using original items in displaysavoid using original items in displays
and exhibitsand exhibits
 monitor light levels regularly (50 to 150monitor light levels regularly (50 to 150
lux)lux)
Light control:

 check incoming materials for signs of infestationcheck incoming materials for signs of infestation
 separate infested materials for treatmentseparate infested materials for treatment
 never eat/drink in storage/research areasnever eat/drink in storage/research areas
 keep archives/library clean and unclutteredkeep archives/library clean and uncluttered
 set traps/poison baits to catch rodentsset traps/poison baits to catch rodents
 contact services of an exterminatorcontact services of an exterminator
insects and rodents:

Food and drink are not permittedFood and drink are not permitted
because they can damage collectionsbecause they can damage collections
and attract vermin and insects.and attract vermin and insects.

 temperature of 20 to 25temperature of 20 to 25 00
C or 60-65C or 60-65
00
FF
 wide fluctuations should be avoidedwide fluctuations should be avoided
 low RH (below 20%) leads tolow RH (below 20%) leads to
dessication and embrittlement ofdessication and embrittlement of
paperpaper
 high RH (over 60%) accelerateshigh RH (over 60%) accelerates
chemical and biologicalchemical and biological
deteriorationdeterioration
 recommended level is 50 %recommended level is 50 %
temperature & humidity:

Acidity controlAcidity control
light controllight control
pest controlpest control
temperature andtemperature and
humidity controlhumidity control
basic repairbasic repair
materials by staffmaterials by staff
materials by usersmaterials by users

Conservation Measures: the basicsConservation Measures: the basics
 FumigationFumigation
 Dry cleaning, washing andDry cleaning, washing and
bleachingbleaching
 Mending,Mending,
reinforcement/binding, andreinforcement/binding, and
support using Japanese papersupport using Japanese paper
 laminationlamination
 encapsulationencapsulation

Wei T‘o freeze drying
machine, a process
that kills a variety of
pests, including mold.
Freeze-dryingFreeze-drying
Materials await
treatment inside a
chest freezer

Reinforcing / binding processReinforcing / binding process

Book-bindingBook-binding
process…process…

Lamination process…Lamination process…

Lamination process…Lamination process…
 Lamination was popular from the 1930s through the 1970s, butLamination was popular from the 1930s through the 1970s, but
has sincehas since fallen out of favorfallen out of favor..
 Lamination changes the appearance of the document,Lamination changes the appearance of the document, causingcausing
damagedamage and irreparable distortions.and irreparable distortions.
 The current equivalent of (or alternative to) lamination isThe current equivalent of (or alternative to) lamination is
encapsulationencapsulation, which protects deacidified papers within a sealed, which protects deacidified papers within a sealed
plastic sleeve.plastic sleeve.

EncapsulationEncapsulation
Unlike lamination, encapsulation is completely and easily reversible.
Encapsulated pages can be bound without significant damage to individual
pages and can be a viable alternative for valuable and delicate materials.

Basic Repair ProceduresBasic Repair Procedures
 relaxing and flattening documentsrelaxing and flattening documents
 removal of paper fasteners (pins, clips) / adhesivesremoval of paper fasteners (pins, clips) / adhesives
 appropriate means of attachmentappropriate means of attachment
 surface cleaning of paper recordssurface cleaning of paper records
 testing for ink solubilitytesting for ink solubility
 ph-testing for acidityph-testing for acidity
 mending with Japanese papermending with Japanese paper

Pressing mended documents using flat iron…Pressing mended documents using flat iron…

Mending with Japanese tissueMending with Japanese tissue

UseUse appropriate means of attachment likeappropriate means of attachment like
ribbons to secure damaged booksribbons to secure damaged books..

Do not use post-it notes, paper clips, pressure sensitive
tape, rubber bands….

 handle materials as little as possiblehandle materials as little as possible
 never use ink or adhesive tapenever use ink or adhesive tape
 do not write on any part of the material except to makedo not write on any part of the material except to make
notations using soft pencilnotations using soft pencil
 substitute copies for originalssubstitute copies for originals
 do not overpack in boxes or in shelvesdo not overpack in boxes or in shelves
handling of materials:

Handling of archival materialsHandling of archival materials
 do not leave users unattendeddo not leave users unattended
 only issue a limited number of documents or folders, or oneonly issue a limited number of documents or folders, or one
box at a timebox at a time
 do not allow material to be taken out from reading roomdo not allow material to be taken out from reading room
 do not allow materials to be rearrangeddo not allow materials to be rearranged
 only staff should take charge of photocopyingonly staff should take charge of photocopying
 examine materials after useexamine materials after use

Keep
manuscripts/records in
acid-free folders and
boxes.
Remove only one folder
at a time.
Maintain the order or
arrangement of
documents in each
folder

Never remove
manuscript pages
from folders.
When leaving for
a short time,
close the volume,
folder or box.

Wear gloves when handling photographs.

Always use a pencil,
never a pen or
marker
Do not rest your hand,
arm, or place any
object on a book or
manuscript.

Keep folders and pages flat on table,
do not hold in hands..

Keep volumes flat on table,
do not hold in hands.

..
Use a book cradle and special weights, if they are provided

Notify staff if any materials are damaged or out of sequence.
Do not attempt to re-arrange them yourself.

✔✔Preservation/ConservationPreservation/Conservation
ConceptsConcepts
✔✔Scope & Approaches ofScope & Approaches of
✔✔Causes ofCauses of
damage/deteriorationdamage/deterioration
✔✔Conservation MeasuresConservation Measures
Preservation strategiesPreservation strategies
Establishing a PreservationEstablishing a Preservation
/Conservation Program/Conservation Program
Topics to be covered

Surrogating/ReformattingSurrogating/Reformatting
SurrogatingSurrogating is the creation of copies of original documents inis the creation of copies of original documents in
various forms, to be used in place of damaged or fragilevarious forms, to be used in place of damaged or fragile
originals, or originals which may become damaged or fragileoriginals, or originals which may become damaged or fragile
through frequent use, and which continue to be preservedthrough frequent use, and which continue to be preserved
under the appropriate storage conditions. Ex: facsimile ,under the appropriate storage conditions. Ex: facsimile ,
photocopy, scanned imagesphotocopy, scanned images
ReformattingReformatting is the creation of new formats of the originalis the creation of new formats of the original
documents to assure their continued access and preservation.documents to assure their continued access and preservation.
Ex: microfilming and digitizationEx: microfilming and digitization

Preservation Strategy:Preservation Strategy:
Surrogating/ReformattingSurrogating/Reformatting
• Provision of surrogatesProvision of surrogates - microfilm, microfiche, photocopy, digital copy- microfilm, microfiche, photocopy, digital copy
• Where surrogating is required, both the original document and theWhere surrogating is required, both the original document and the
surrogate copysurrogate copy must be preservedmust be preserved
• Where surrogates are available,Where surrogates are available, original documents will only be producedoriginal documents will only be produced inin
cases where researchers can prove a genuine need to consult the originalscases where researchers can prove a genuine need to consult the originals

Microfilming as preservation strategy
•Durable format, polyester film expected to last 500 years
•Meets archival standards
•Film can be converted to electronic format

Preservation StrategyPreservation Strategy::
reprographicsreprographics
 where the copying process iswhere the copying process is
deemed to pose a risk of harmdeemed to pose a risk of harm
to the originals,to the originals, nono
photocopyingphotocopying will be allowed.will be allowed.
 Reprographics will also beReprographics will also be
restricted to the staff only –restricted to the staff only –
users are not allowedusers are not allowed toto
perform this function.perform this function.
 Flash photography will not beFlash photography will not be
allowed.allowed.
 Only surrogate copies will beOnly surrogate copies will be
allowed forallowed for loan/exhibition.loan/exhibition.

usually refers to the conversion ofusually refers to the conversion of
printed text or images intoprinted text or images into
binary signals using some kindbinary signals using some kind
of scanning device that enables theof scanning device that enables the
result to be displayed on aresult to be displayed on a
computer screen.computer screen.
has been endorsed as anhas been endorsed as an
accepted preservation reformattingaccepted preservation reformatting
option for a range of materials.option for a range of materials.
DigitizationDigitization

What is Digital Preservation?What is Digital Preservation?
Digital preservation isDigital preservation is the active managementthe active management
of digital content over time to ensureof digital content over time to ensure
ongoingongoing accessaccess..
This encompasses not just technical activities,This encompasses not just technical activities,
but also all of the strategic andbut also all of the strategic and
organizational considerations that relate toorganizational considerations that relate to
thethe survival and management of digitalsurvival and management of digital
materialmaterial..
Digital preservation is not a job to be left to theDigital preservation is not a job to be left to the
experts. It should be part of everyone'sexperts. It should be part of everyone's
daily work, to ensure that the digital objectsdaily work, to ensure that the digital objects
created today will still be around tomorrow.created today will still be around tomorrow.

Issues and ConcernsIssues and Concerns
Can digitization be considered a preservationCan digitization be considered a preservation
strategy?strategy?
““Digitization isDigitization is not preservationnot preservation – at least not yet”– at least not yet”
(Smith, 1999)(Smith, 1999)
““Digitization isDigitization is NOT preservationNOT preservation”(Gertz, 2007)•”(Gertz, 2007)•
““Digitization can provide a form of insurance forDigitization can provide a form of insurance for
preserving content, even though digital surrogatespreserving content, even though digital surrogates
cannot replace physical originalscannot replace physical originals” (Lynch, 2006)” (Lynch, 2006)

 The inherent tensionThe inherent tension
between the nature ofbetween the nature of
digital information anddigital information and
 Digitization creates newDigitization creates new
resources that need to beresources that need to be
preservedpreserved
 Long-term maintenance isLong-term maintenance is
needed to ensure thatneeded to ensure that
digital master files remaindigital master files remain
accessible, authentic, andaccessible, authentic, and
intactintact
Issues and ConcernsIssues and Concerns

Challenges to digital preservationChallenges to digital preservation
 Digital media is not as durable as paper and otherDigital media is not as durable as paper and other
analog materialsanalog materials
 Uncertainty about long-term access and retrieval ofUncertainty about long-term access and retrieval of
digitized datadigitized data
 Integrity and authenticity of digital objectsIntegrity and authenticity of digital objects
 Loss of data and data corruptionLoss of data and data corruption
 Stability of digital format, digital storageStability of digital format, digital storage
 Technological obsolescenceTechnological obsolescence
 Systems for access and retrieval of digital collectionsSystems for access and retrieval of digital collections

Digitization for preservationDigitization for preservation
 Original materials areOriginal materials are
fragile, damaged, orfragile, damaged, or
recorded on unstable analogrecorded on unstable analog
mediamedia
 There is no otherThere is no other
preservation methodpreservation method
availableavailable
 It is part of a comprehensiveIt is part of a comprehensive
approach to access andapproach to access and
Digitization can be considered a viable preservation strategy
If…… :

Legal and ethical IssuesLegal and ethical Issues
•Intellectual Property RightsIntellectual Property Rights
•Reproduction rights of LibrariesReproduction rights of Libraries
and Archives in Copyright lawsand Archives in Copyright laws
•Legal constraints in use ofLegal constraints in use of
reprographic and digital copiesreprographic and digital copies
• Access and security issuesAccess and security issues
•Privacy and Confidentiality issues
•Keeping the integrity of originals

Elements of a conservation programElements of a conservation program
SurveysSurveys
Management SupportManagement Support
program directiveprogram directive
conservation prioritiesconservation priorities
policy statementpolicy statement
budgetbudget
Conservation FacilitiesConservation Facilities
Conservation staffConservation staff

Conservation surveysConservation surveys
 comprehensive -- a recognized tool in collectiona recognized tool in collection
management; it evaluates the condition of a collection asmanagement; it evaluates the condition of a collection as
a whole and proposes solutions to improve conditions.a whole and proposes solutions to improve conditions.
 environmental -- assesses the suitability of the building andassesses the suitability of the building and
its facilities for storage.its facilities for storage.
 condition -- assessesassesses the physical condition and state ofthe physical condition and state of
repair of the library’s holdings.repair of the library’s holdings.

Comprehensive surveysComprehensive surveys
 pre-survey planning -pre-survey planning - reviews a full range ofreviews a full range of
documentation, mission statement, policies & procedures,documentation, mission statement, policies & procedures,
construction records, floor plans, existing preservationconstruction records, floor plans, existing preservation
program, insurance, etc.program, insurance, etc.
 on-site visit-on-site visit- a walk-through examination of the buildinga walk-through examination of the building
and its facilities.and its facilities.
 the report-the report- a technical report summarizing all the findingsa technical report summarizing all the findings
and recommendations.and recommendations.
 institutional actionsinstitutional actions-- implementing the recommendationsimplementing the recommendations
 follow-upfollow-up

Environmental SurveyEnvironmental Survey
 the building itselfthe building itself: roof and walls - leaks? insulation?: roof and walls - leaks? insulation?
dampness?dampness?
 environment in the buildingenvironment in the building: temperature and humidity: temperature and humidity
controls? lighting conditions?controls? lighting conditions?
 building securitybuilding security: locks? alarms? extinguishers? sprinkler: locks? alarms? extinguishers? sprinkler
system?system?
 storage areas and workroomsstorage areas and workrooms: pest control? ventilation?: pest control? ventilation?
types of shelves?types of shelves?

Condition SurveyCondition Survey
 best means of gathering data needed to evaluate treatmentbest means of gathering data needed to evaluate treatment
prioritiespriorities
 survey instrument should be as extensive as possiblesurvey instrument should be as extensive as possible
 survey form should be simple to fill outsurvey form should be simple to fill out
 survey data may include the following:survey data may include the following:

Collection Location
Date of survey Conducted by
Box and folder no. Type of material Inclusive dates
Format Media Type/Quality of storage containers
Condition of collection:
general appearance insect damage
tears/abrasions harmful means of
surface dirt/dust attachment (clips, pins)
water/other stains enclosures (flowers, clip-
discoloration pings, photos, etc)
embrittlement other observations:
evidence of mold/mildew __________________
Use of collection:
Priority ranking of collection for treatment: _________
Recommended treatment: _____________________

Conservation prioritiesConservation priorities
high-quality informational contenthigh-quality informational content
significant current/projected usesignificant current/projected use
physical condition of original formatphysical condition of original format
cost-effectiveness of treatmentcost-effectiveness of treatment

Preservation PolicyPreservation Policy
 A policy for preservation cannot be prepared in isolation; it mustA policy for preservation cannot be prepared in isolation; it must
form an integral part of the overall policy for collection or repositoryform an integral part of the overall policy for collection or repository
management.management.
 It must take full account of the aims and objectives of theIt must take full account of the aims and objectives of the
organization, the needs of users and the place of the collection ororganization, the needs of users and the place of the collection or
repository within a local, regional, national or even internationalrepository within a local, regional, national or even international
frameworkframework
 The Policy must be written, and adheres to basic principles in
conservation
 The Policy contains a manual of procedures to serve
as helpful guide and training aid, and
 lists specific “do’s and don’ts”

PreservationPreservation Policy StatementPolicy Statement
A document embracing a range of programmes to be appliedA document embracing a range of programmes to be applied
to materials as appropriate. Includes:to materials as appropriate. Includes:
preventive measures to minimize the rate ofpreventive measures to minimize the rate of
deteriorationdeterioration
housekeeping - best practices to extend the lifehousekeeping - best practices to extend the life
of the materialsof the materials
training programmes for staff and users ontraining programmes for staff and users on
correct handling of materialscorrect handling of materials

PreservationPreservation Policy StatementPolicy Statement
security measures and contingency plans forsecurity measures and contingency plans for
disaster control and recoverydisaster control and recovery
protective measures, such as boxing, binding,protective measures, such as boxing, binding,
and wrapping, to reduce wear and tear onand wrapping, to reduce wear and tear on
materialsmaterials
a substitution programme for replacing valuablea substitution programme for replacing valuable
or very brittle originals with surrogatesor very brittle originals with surrogates
conservation treatments to repair damagedconservation treatments to repair damaged
originalsoriginals

Conservation FacilitiesConservation Facilities
 air conditioningair conditioning
 dehumidifierdehumidifier
 fumigation chamber or vacuum fumigatorsfumigation chamber or vacuum fumigators
 vacuum / freeze-drying chambervacuum / freeze-drying chamber

Conservation SuppliesConservation Supplies
 Japanese tissue paperJapanese tissue paper
 Mylar polyester sheetsMylar polyester sheets
 blotter paperblotter paper
 soft brushessoft brushes
 cleaning padscleaning pads
 hygrometerhygrometer
(RH instrument tool)(RH instrument tool)
 polyethylene-linedpolyethylene-lined
kraft paperkraft paper

Who is responsible in preservation?Who is responsible in preservation?
 library managerlibrary manager
 archivistarchivist
 conservatorconservator
 personnelpersonnel
 usersusers
Librarians/archivists:
•keep them under best conditions
•determine which require special
facilities or handling
•decide which merit conservation
Conservator:
advises the best treatment
undertakes the repair/conservation
Personnel:
Handle library materials gently.
Set a good example for users.
Users:
Handle materials gently.
Safeguard materials for future users.

Conservation StaffConservation Staff
 restoration work must be done only by trainedrestoration work must be done only by trained
personnelpersonnel
 staff training is an ongoing responsibilitystaff training is an ongoing responsibility
 training and orientation must be directed toward stafftraining and orientation must be directed toward staff
at all levelsat all levels
 the number of staff involved will depend on the sizethe number of staff involved will depend on the size
and type of the institution, and on the extent ofand type of the institution, and on the extent of
conservation programconservation program

TipsTips in implementing ain implementing a
conservation programconservation program......
examine the environment
improve the environment
examine the materials / establish
priorities for treatment
separate materials for in-house
treatment from those requiring
professional care
establish a work room for
remedial treatment
supervise in-house repairs and
restoration
work with a professional
conservator
keep informed

Do not use any measure, treatment,Do not use any measure, treatment,
or program that:or program that:
 cannot be reversed if necessarycannot be reversed if necessary
 cannot be used properlycannot be used properly
 will not last a long timewill not last a long time
 is harmful to peopleis harmful to people
 changes the physical property of materialchanges the physical property of material
 dissolves or damages any part of the materialdissolves or damages any part of the material
Conservation Tips

Summary of preservation strategiesSummary of preservation strategies
conditions actions
damagedfragile and endangered
fragile and endangeredfrequently used
pest-infested
• in-house treatment
• deacidification
• lab conservation
• encapsulation
• lamination
• digitization
• microfilming
• photocopying
• fumigation

Workshop ExerciseWorkshop Exercise
Imagine you are responsible for developing a conservation program forImagine you are responsible for developing a conservation program for
your organization’s records/collections. Write a program proposalyour organization’s records/collections. Write a program proposal
outlining the actions you would take to develop such a program,outlining the actions you would take to develop such a program,
includingincluding
 What type of survey to conductWhat type of survey to conduct
 What types of records/collections will be prioritized for conservationWhat types of records/collections will be prioritized for conservation
 What conservation measures/treatment option will be suitable for theWhat conservation measures/treatment option will be suitable for the
different types of records/collectionsdifferent types of records/collections
 Determine budget allocation, and requirements for facilities, supplies,Determine budget allocation, and requirements for facilities, supplies,
staffingstaffing
Participants should be as specific as possible; if they can relate thisParticipants should be as specific as possible; if they can relate this
exercise to a real situation, they should do so.exercise to a real situation, they should do so.

Conservation videosConservation videos
 https://www.youtube.com/wathttps://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=CArraKc81Kwch?v=CArraKc81Kw
Basics of PaperBasics of Paper
https://www.youtube.com/watchhttps://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=dcb3JwPjDjA?v=dcb3JwPjDjA
Conservation of Jefferson
Papers at U. of Virginia

Acknowledgement/CreditsAcknowledgement/Credits
and referencesand references::
 Library Preservation at HarvardLibrary Preservation at Harvard
http://preserve.harvard.edu/care/index.htmlhttp://preserve.harvard.edu/care/index.html
 Library of Congress PreservationLibrary of Congress Preservation
http://www.loc.gov/preserv/http://www.loc.gov/preserv/
 NewYork University LibrariesNewYork University Libraries
http://library.nyu.edu/preservation/http://library.nyu.edu/preservation/
 Preservation HistoryPreservation History
http://preservationhistory.wikispaces.com/Brittle+Paperhttp://preservationhistory.wikispaces.com/Brittle+Paper

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Preservation-Conservation Program for Laoag

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