Rainwater Harvesting For Decision Makers
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Rainwater Harvesting For Decision Makers
- 1. .ppt ( ) Rainwater Harvesting For Decision Makers Environment and Water Resource Department February 2008
- 5. .ppt ( ) Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Surface Water Infiltration Evapotranspiration Let ’ s take a look at The Water Cycle Consumption Surface Runoff Groundwater Sea water intrusion
- 6. .ppt ( ) Condensation Precipitation Surface Water Groundwater Consumption Rainfall Definitions Intensity – Quantity per time of the rainfall event (mm/hour) Duration – period of time for the precipitation event Average Annual and Monthly Precipitation – Average rainfall over one year period and monthly intervals and usually based on 30 or more years of data
- 9. Average Annual Precipitation for Mexico .ppt ( ) Water harvesting potential(m 3 ) = Area (m 2 ) X Rainfall (m) X Collection Efficiency
- 10. Estimate Precipitation Quantity and Timing .ppt ( ) (All data in cm)
- 12. Feasibility Analysis .ppt ( ) Example #2 Roof area = 6000 sq meters Average Annual Rainfall = 1400 mm Collection Coefficient = 0.90 Potential = 6000 sq meters * 1.4m * 0.90 = 7,560 cu meters/ year Cost for Water = US $4.00/ cubic meter Savings = $30,240.00 (does not include maintenance) Demand = 50,000 cu meter/ month Supply= 1.3% of demand Overall Cost to Install = $150,000 (acceptable ROI?)
- 13. .ppt ( ) 1 Roof 2 Screen 3 Discharge of water 4 Pre-filter 5 Storage tank 6 Flow meter 7 Storm water discharge Rain Water as Source Water Design Considerations Typical Diagram Recomendation Raw water tank or Aquifer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 14. Aquifer Storage and Recovery or Artificial Aquifer Recharge? .ppt ( ) Require complete hydrogeological analysis, stakeholder engagement and potentially regulatory approval
- 15. Ground Water Recharge .ppt ( ) Under natural conditions it may take days to centuries to recharge ground water by rain water. As we need to replenish the pumped water, Artificial Recharge of Ground water is required at some locations.
- 25. Thank You! For More Information: Brian McCord (brmccord@na.ko.com) (404) 676-0742 .ppt ( )
- 26. Andina Pilot Project rainfall rates .ppt ( ) Rio de Janeiro State Rainfall rates (12 months) = 1,300 mm
- 28. Andina Project, Brazil .ppt ( ) Total investment: US$ 150,000 October/2006: Under implementation Rainwater harvesting system for 100% of the roof Pilot Project Pilot project: 2004/2005 Roof size: 6,000 m2 Collection rainwater from the gutters Filtration at filter system Storage in 5,000-liter tank Lateral view gutters VF-6 Filter Discharge - storm water system Discharge the excess water Rain water filtered Rain water pipe
- 30. Green Design - Nairobi .ppt ( ) CHILLER UNITS SOLAR PANELS GREEN ROOF WATER STORAGE GREEN ROOF WATER STORAGE POROUS PARKING WATER STORAGE WATER TANK FACADE – THERMAL MASS PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM DEEPLY RECESSED WINDOWS – FILTERED LIGHT SLOPING GLASS FACADE
- 31. .ppt ( ) MANICURED LAWN POROUS PARKING GARDEN GREEN ROOF GREEN ROOF OZONATION FILTRATION BACKUP MUNICIPAL SUPPLY RAIN WATER HARVESTING FOR OFFICES – Developing a GREEN BUILDING in Nairobi, Kenya Concept & Design Principles OVERFLOW GROUND WATER REPLENISHING WELLS RAIN WATER ACCUMULATION IN LIEU OF STORM WATER ATTENUATION POND
- 33. Establishing the need in India… .ppt ( ) A news article says that ground water levels in New Delhi are falling and RWH will become mandatory.
Editor's Notes
- Narration: T he hydrologic or water cycle is the continuous flow of water between reservoirs at or near the earth’s surface. As water falls to the ground as precipitation, it may develop as surface runoff into nearby surface waters or infiltrate into the ground and become stored as groundwater. Water stored in open areas, know as surface water, can evaporate into the atmosphere. In addition, water used by plants for normal growth or transpiration is also returned to the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere water can condense into clouds and precipitate as rain or snowfall, initiating the cycle over again. Water is a renewable resource that, managed properly, can sustain the activities in the watershed for an indefinite period of time. Animation: shows water cycle
- Narration: T he hydrologic or water cycle is the continuous flow of water between reservoirs at or near the earth’s surface. As water falls to the ground as precipitation, it may develop as surface runoff into nearby surface waters or infiltrate into the ground and become stored as groundwater. Water stored in open areas, know as surface water, can evaporate into the atmosphere. In addition, water used by plants for normal growth or transpiration is also returned to the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere water can condense into clouds and precipitate as rain or snowfall, initiating the cycle over again. Water is a renewable resource that, managed properly, can sustain the activities in the watershed for an indefinite period of time. Animation: shows water cycle
- The collection device usually represents the biggest capital investment of an RWH system. It therefore requires careful design- to provide optimal storage capacity while keeping the cost as low as possible. While above-ground structures like tanks are easily purchased or made with a variety of designs, and water extraction is in many cases by gravity; they also are expensive, require more space and are prone to attack from the weather. Below-ground structures like cisterns, lagoons etc. are generally cheaper due to lower material requirements and unobtrusive. However, water extraction often requires a pump, contamination is more common, and present a potential danger to children and small animals if left uncovered.
- Whenever the depth of clay soil is more, recharge through a percolation pit with bore is preferable. This bore can be at the centre of the pit, which is filled with pebbles. The top portion is filled with river sand. The pit itself is covered with a perforated concrete slab. If the area is prone to flooding, it is advisable to provide an air vent to the percolation pit to avoid air locking. Roof water and surface water from buildings can be diverted to percolation pits. It is advisable to have at least one percolation pit in every house with open area for every 20 square metres.
- Existing structures such as defunct bore wells, unused/dried up open wells, unused sumps, etc. can be very well used for RWH through this technology of recharge wells instead of constructing recharge structures to reduce the total cost