Tourism has grown tremendously since the 1970s, becoming one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. It is influenced by factors like leisure time, affluence, and mobility. Historically, tourism developed with the emergence of money, transportation, and communication systems. While tourism provides economic benefits through jobs and tax revenue, it can also negatively impact the environment and local cultures if not managed properly. The document discusses the general patterns, historical development, and impacts of international tourism.

1. General PatternsGeneral Patterns
of World Tourismof World Tourism
Name: v.s.NadageriName: v.s.Nadageri
Semester : 3Semester : 3rdrd
Reg No: 1660195Reg No: 1660195

2. General Patterns of WorldGeneral Patterns of World
TourismTourism
Learning objectives :
• Discuss factors influencing tourism
• Describe the historical development of
travel and tourism
• Understand the character of international
tourism
• Identify the different impacts of tourism

3. General Patterns of WorldGeneral Patterns of World
TourismTourism
• In 1979, famed futurist Herman Kahn
predicted that tourism would be the
world’s largest industry by the year 2000
• 1986 – exceeded 2 trillion dollars, 64.3
million jobs
• 1999 – exceeded 3.6 trillion dollars,
employment 200 million

4. General Patterns of WorldGeneral Patterns of World
TourismTourism
Defining tourism
1) Movement of people between two or
more places (origin and destination)
2) Length of time of movement
(temporary)
3) Purpose

5. General Patterns of WorldGeneral Patterns of World
TourismTourism
UN’s divided visitors into two categories :-
1. Tourists are temporary visitors
2. Excursionists staying less twenty-four
hours in the country visited

6. Factors influencing tourismFactors influencing tourism
• Leisure Time
• Affluence
• Mobility

7. Historical development of travelHistorical development of travel
and tourismand tourism
Ancient times
• People did not travel in ancient times
• 3 elements :- a) money b) ability to
communicate c) transportation
• Transportation is the most important
among the three factors

8. Historical development of travelHistorical development of travel
and tourismand tourism
Roman era
• Height of early tourism
• Factors emerged a) common coinage b)
language c) legal system

9. Early International TourismEarly International Tourism
• Growth of a middle class
• Achievements in art and thought of the
Renaissance
• Forerunner of modern tourism – The
Grand Tour

10. Early International TourismEarly International Tourism
• Late in the 1800s and early 1900s,
seaside and mountain resorts became
fashionable places for the wealthy
• Coastal areas in France and Britain
became havens for the wealthy in terms of
spa

11. Current International Patterns ofCurrent International Patterns of
TourismTourism
• Increased steadily since the end of WWII
• 1960s, number of world tourist arrivals
more than doubled
• 1970 – 183 million, 2000 – 700 million
• Growth in number of arrivals has been
greatest in the low-income nations of the
world leading to better economy, higher
standard of living etc. China

12. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
• Interaction between places (tourism)
function of time and cost
• Distance increases lead to tourism
interaction between places decreases
• Costs increase tourism interaction
decreases

13. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
Destination regions :-
a) Primary
b) Secondary

14. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
Primary Destination (2-35 days) :-
a) Friends and Family e.g. stay longer and
visit frequently
b) Exotic e.g. perception of the potential
visitor based on historical, environment,
culture, mega events and sun-sea-sand
varies from person to person

15. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
Secondary Destination (1 – 10 days)
a) Shadow Effect e.g. near other major
destinations
b) Grand Tour e.g. Usually shorter in length
compared to sixteenth to nineteenth
century Europe, Eurail pass leads to
multiple country visits in Europe

16. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
c) Path Destinations e.g. located between
popular destinations on transportation
paths, attract tourists that are travelling
from an origin to a destination

17. Character of internationalCharacter of international
tourismtourism
d) Transit Destinations :- revolves around
point of change, type of carrier, major
change in route e.g. promoting
Singapore as a SE Asia hub

18. Travel PatternsTravel Patterns
• Proximity
• Presence or absence of international
connectivity, including business, political,
military and other ties
• Type and degree of service offered
• General attractiveness
• Cost of travelling

19. Influence of TourismInfluence of Tourism
A) Economic
B) Social and cultural
C) Environmental

20. Economic ImpactEconomic Impact
• Providing foreign exchange and tax
revenues needed by many nations
• Raise standard of living of their citizens
• Help a country’s balance of payments

21. Economic ImpactEconomic Impact
Tourism income benefits countries in many
ways :-
• Money flows into the economy
• Generated for the governments e.g. taxes
• Creates employment e.g. Tourism &
Hospitality industry

22. Economic ImpactEconomic Impact
Negative economic impacts :-
• Seasonal
• Inflation e.g. too many Singaporeans
visiting JB, Malaysia
• Demand for “hard currency” is so high

23. Social and Cultural impactSocial and Cultural impact
• Development of cultural understanding
• Traditional folk costumes and customs are
reestablished to benefit tourists
• Return of immigrants or their descendants
that bring them closer to ancestral
homeland
• Patterns of food consumption

24. Social and Cultural impactSocial and Cultural impact
Responsibilities of a good visitor :-
• Never compared your home country with
the host country
• Make efforts to understand its local culture
• Appreciate what the local culture can offer
• Be patient and tolerance

25. Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
• Tourists attracted to scenic harbors,
waterfalls, large lakes surrounded by high
mountains or volcanoes
• May threaten the natural beauty
• Increased visits may lead to damaging the
environment e.g. Great Barrier
• Ensured effective plans to balance tourism
and the environment

26. Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
• Preexisting forms characterize an area’s
human and physical environment before
being “discovered” as a major tourist
destination area e.g. development of
coastal resorts and cities
• Concerned with pollution of surrounding
areas e.g. East Coast Park, Singapore

27. Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
• Location and development can be
controlled carefully by the local and
federal governments
• Carrying capacity :- level of tourism
development that can occur in the
destination
• Ecotourism is environmentally responsible
travel to natural areas that helps to
preserve the area being visited

28. Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
Includes :-
a) Pollution e.g. automobiles, taxis,
buses, and aircraft
b) Vegetation e.g. large number of visitors
that overwhelm an area and physical
abuse to the vegetation

29. Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
c) Wildlife e.g. wildlife changes result
from the killing of animals or birds and
the disruption
d) Natural Landscapes e.g. construction
results in the encroachment of facilities
or buildings

30. SummarySummary
• Different impacts of tourism will occur
whenever a country welcomes foreign and
local tourists.
• Those who work in the industry will
understand the various factors in
influencing tourism better.
• We will understand how travel and tourism
evolves over time during western
civilization

31. THANK YOU
THANK YOUBY –
V.S.NADAGERI