1. The document discusses various types of anemia classified by their pathogenesis into decreased red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, and decreased red blood cell survival. 2. It provides details on the causes, pathogenesis, morphology, and clinical features of the most common anemias - iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, and immune hemolytic anemia. 3. The learning objectives are to understand the overview, classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features and complications of various anemias with a focus on studying the top 10 anemias in detail.
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Haem12: Deficiency anemias
1. “No doubt knowledge is valuable,
but above it is Character”
Knowledge without character is dangerous!
2. ….. foundation of clinical medicine
Shashidhar Venkatesh Murthy
A/Prof & Head of Pathology
College of Medicine & Dentistry
Clinical Pathology:
RBC Disorders: Deficiency Anemia
CPC : Term2 Week1 - Haem 1/2.
System : Haematology - RBC Disorders.
Topic : 1: Anemia Intro 2: IDA & ACD 3: MBA 4: Haemolytic 5: Others.
10. Megaloblastic Anemia:
10
1. Oval Macrocytes, Pancytopenia: cell division.
2. Anisopoikilocytosis: Hemolysis.
3. Hypersegmented neutrophils: Large cells / Megaloblasts
(in bone marrow).
Megaloblastic Bone Marrow Normal
Hypersegmented
Neutrophils
Macrocyte
Megaloblast
11. Pernicious Anemia: Vit B12
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis in aged.
IF & Parietal cell antibody (Type I,II,III)
Reduced Tetra-hydrofolate (FH4)
Decreased DNA synthesis.
Other causes of Vit B12 def. (not pernicious)
Gastrectomy
Achlorhydria
Chronic Pancreatitis
Ileal resection
Mal absorption syndromes.
Tapeworm infestation
Malignancy, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism etc.
Clinical:
MBA+ neurological deficits (spinal dorsal tract)
Loss of proprioception.
B12 Animal/bacteria
Folate Green Veg
12. Nothing can stop the man with the right
mental attitude from achieving his goal;
nothing on earth can help the man with the
wrong mental attitude!
-- Thomas Jefferson
13. Haemopoiesis in deficiency anemias
13
Macrocytic, pancytopeniaMicrocytic hypochromic
Iron Deficiency Normal Megaloblastic
14. Anemia of Chronic Disease:
Etiology:
Chronic Infections,
inflammations, malignancy
&
anemia of renal disease*.
Pathogenesis:
IFN, TNF, IL block iron
transfer from macrophage
store to RBC.
Erythropoietin*.
Morphology:
Mild Microcytic,
Hypochromic.
Clinical Features:
Mild anemia, resistant to
iron therapy.