This document discusses various types of anemia classified by their pathogenetic mechanisms. The top 6 anemias are discussed in more detail and include iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and thalassemia. Diagnostic indicators are provided for differentiating between anemia types based on mean corpuscular volume, reticulocyte count, iron studies, and peripheral blood smears. Common causes, clinical manifestations, and treatments are summarized for several specific anemia conditions.
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Clinical Pathology: Anemia Types and Classification
1.
2. ….. foundation of clinical medicine
Shashidhar Venkatesh Murthy
A/Prof & Head of Pathology
College of Medicine & Dentistry
Clinical Pathology:
RBC 1.3: Anemia Summary
CPC : Term2 Week1 - Haem 1/2.
System : Haematology - RBC Disorders.
Topic : 1: Anemia Intro 2: IDA, MBA & ACD 3: Acquired HA 4: Congenital HA. 5: Others.
7. MCV
Microcytic Normocytic Macrocytic
Iron studies - Ferritin
Low Normal/high
IDA ACD / Thalassemia
Reticulocyte count
high low ACD /
Aplastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia or
blood loss
Measure B12 + folate
Megaloblastic
Normal Low
Anemia clinical DiagnosisHistory & Exam:
Cong / Acq.?
Acute / Chronic?
Hemolysis?
< 80 80-100 >100
8.
9. Sideroblastic anemia:
Group of disorders anemia with sideroblasts
(+ve iron). Suggesting lack of Iron utilization.
Microcytic Hypochromic anemia.(Macrocytic/dimorphic)
Two major types:
Congenital: X-Linked, mitochondial etc.
Acquired : Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Copper & Vit. B6 deficiency. Lead poisoning
Alcoholism, Drugs, Idiopathic.
Porphyria:
Excess porphyrin secretion.
Acute abdominal pain
Neuropathy etc.
Iron
Iron stain: blue
10. Polycythemia: (high Hb)
Relative or spurious erythrocytosis
Dehydration: Diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics,
excess alcohol. etc.
Absolute erythrocytosis (True ):
Secondary: Tissue Hypoxia: Smoking (CO),
High altitude, Lung disease. Cardiac shunts,
High O2 affinity Hb.
High Erythropoietin – Paraneoplastic
Syndromes, Androgen therapy.
Primary - Polycythemia Rubra vera:
Myeloproliferative disorder: Neoplastic
proliferation of erythroid cells in bone
marrow – old age, hepatosplenomegaly.
10
Hb, skin flushing &
Hepatosplenomegaly
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