On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
Pathology of STD - Sexually Transmitted Disorders
1. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Work,
Continuous and hard work, is the only
way to accomplish results that last.
-- Steve Jobs.
2. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
The foundation of clinical medicine.
Shashidhar Venkatesh Murthy
A/Prof & Head of Pathology
College of Medicine & Dentistry
MGS2: Male Genital: STI / STD
CPC : Term4 Week4 - MGS 1/6
System : Male Genital System.
Topic : 1: Overview 2: STD 3: Orchitis 4: Tumours 5: Penis 6: GLS
5. 5
Syphilis: Diagnosis
Non Treponemal Ab
(to cardiolipin), only early phase, non
specific, false positive.
VDRL (Venereal Disease Research
Lab)
RPR (Rapid plasma reagin)
Treponemal Ab: Positive in all stages.
False positive*.
FTA-ABS (fluorescent Trepo. Ab)
TP-PA (TP particle agglutination)
MHA-TP (Microhemagglutinin Assay)
Direct detection:
Darkfield microscopy, PCR, Culture?
Summary
6. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Work,
Continuous and hard work, is the only
way to accomplish results that last.
-- Steve Jobs.
7. 7
Gonorrhea
Pus Common, Second to Chlamydia, increasing,
resistant. Suppurative, only humans. Person
to person & to fetus on birth (passage).
Dysuria, mucopurulent discharge PID.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram neg. diplococci.
Stick to epithelia, 1-14 day incubation.
Fever, pain, inflam., dysuria, discharge – white pus
Urethra, cx, rectum, pharynx, or eyes
Intracellular, gram neg diplococci.
Complications: stricture, PID, spread:
Occular, neonatal conjuctivitis.
8. 8
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU):
Chlamydia trachomatis: (pathology similar to gonococci – less pus)
Gram –ve, elementary body reticulate body in cell
~ 50 % are asymptomatic, Major cause of infertility in men & women.
40% PID, 20% infertility, 9% Ectopic pregnancy.
In men urethritis, epididymo-orchitis, prostatitis.
In patients with HLAB27 reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome)
Children - seasonal purulent conjunctivitis. Repeated, untreated
scarring of cornea & eyelids visual impairment / blindness.
Diagnosis:
Nucleic acid amplification Test (NAAT). Sensitive
In combination with tests for Neisseria gonorrhoreae. (also HIV).
Most common STI. Chlamydia*, trichomonas vaginalis,
Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma genitalium. etc.
9. 9
Reiter’s Syndrome:
Common Inflammatory polyarthritis in young
men.
Chlamydia trachomatis (rarely salmonella &
shigella)
HLA-B27 – risk factor in 70%
Fever, malaise, myalgia,
Reactive asymmetric arthritis
Conjunctivitis.
Knee, ankle & feet common.
Chronic, recurrent.
Disability in ~ 20% cases.
Sausage toe
Inflammed ankle
14. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Work,
Continuous and hard work, is the only
way to accomplish results that last.
-- Steve Jobs.
15. 15
Granuloma Inguinale:
Chronic fibrosing STD by Calymmatobacterium
granulomatis. (now Klebsiella granulomatis)
The initial papules on genitalia ulcers urethral,
vulvar, or anal strictures.
granulation tissue and intense epithelial
hyperplasia that can mimic squamous cell
carcinoma.
intracellular coccobacilli within vacuolated
macrophages (Donovan bodies).
Note: Leishmania donovani (protozoa)
– Donovan bodies* is different.
16. 16
Genital herpes:
STD –Herpes Simplex Virus HSV1 & HSV2*.
95% of HIV +ve are also positive for HSV.
Direct contact only – not fomites.
4 day incubation, Itchy, painful, closely grouped
vesicles surrounded by erythema.
Vesicles burst to form painful ulcers.
Multinucleate giant cells with viral inclusion.
Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy.
Self limited mild in normal.
Severe infection in immunocompromised.
Neonatal herpes encephalitis – severe & fatal.
HPV – with female genital system
17. Nothing worthwhile comes easily. Work,
Continuous and hard work, is the only
way to accomplish results that last.
-- Steve Jobs.