Part 4 of an extensive LGBTIQ history from before the common era to the present.

1. RECOVERING THE PAST:
A “WESTERN” LESBIAN, GAY,
BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER,
INTERSEX & QUEER HISTORY:
PART FOUR
Warren J. Blumenfeld
warrenblumenfeld@gmail.com

2. •Dr. Warren J. Blumenfeld is
available to come to your campus
or community organization.
•Contact:
warrenblumenfeld@gmail.com

3. IDENTITY
“…the organization of the individual’s drives, abilities, beliefs,
and history into a consistent image of self. It involves deliberate
choices and decisions, particularly about work, values,
ideology, and commitments to people and ideas.”
Anita Woolfolk

4. ASCRIBED IDENTITIES
• In large part, identity depends on who the world around
us says we are through socialization.
• Charles Horton Cooley: Other people are the
mirror in which we see ourselves.
• What Cooley refers to as the “Looking Glass Self.”

5. ERIC ERIKSON
• Psychologist who asserted that there
is a genetic, instinctual drive or quest
for personal identity.
• This propels the personality
development of the individual.
• Development is contingent on how
we handle “identity crises” or “tasks”
at various stages of life.

6. SOME SOCIAL IDENTITY CATEGORIES
• Race
• Ethnicity
• Nationality
• Tribe
• Linguistic Background
• Sex Assigned at Birth
• Religion
• Sexual Identity
• Gender Identity & Expression
• Socioeconomic Class
• Age
• Physical and Mental Abilities
• Physical Size & Appearance

7. INTERSECTIONALITY OR
INTERSECTIONALISM
• Kimberlé Crenshaw
• Distinguished Professor of Law, UCLA Law
School
• Definition: the study of intersections
between forms or systems of oppression,
domination, or discrimination,
• And how these impact the lives of
people by investigating multiple
identities.

8. INTERSECTIONALITY OR
INTERSECTIONALISM
• Each person is composed of MULTIPLE identities that
interconnect with each other.
• Depending on time and location, some of these identities
may seem more or less important to the individual.
• Most of us have some identities accorded more social
privilege.
• Simultaneously having some identities accorded less social
privilege.

9. The
“Homophile”
Movement

10. “HOMOPHILE”
• Self-descriptive term
• “Love of same”
• Preferred over clinical, sex-focused term
“homosexual.”

11. HARRY HAY
• Grassroots Labor Union organizer
• Member: Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the
World)
• Member U.S. Community Party, 1934-51
• Homosexuals must join with other
minorities to defeat Capitalism
• Root of oppression
• Need for a Movement based on:
• Ideology
• Organizational Strategy
• Leaders
Harry Hay

12. INTERNATIONAL BACHELORS
FRATERNAL ORDERS FOR PEACE AND SOCIAL DIGNITY
• Harry Hay supported Henry Wallace
• Progressive Party Presidential Candidate
• Hay founded “International Bachelors
Fraternal Order for Peace and Social
Dignity”
• a.k.a. “Bachelors Anonymous”
• To “be respected for our difference, not our sameness to
heterosexuals. Our organization would renegotiate the place
of our minority into the majority.”

13. INTERNATIONAL BACHELORS
FRATERNAL ORDERS FOR PEACE AND SOCIAL DIGNITY
The group is described as “a service and welfare
organization devoted to the protection and improvement of
Society’s Androgynous Minority! The reasons for
the group’s formation…:
• Encroaching American Fascism…seeks to bend
unorganized and unpopular minorities into
isolated fragments…The Androgynous Minority
was…stampeded into serving as hoodlums, stool
pigeons…hangmen, before it was ruthlessly
exterminated…
Harry Hay

14. • Hay could not find others to join
gay political organization
• Not even his lover, Will Geer
Harry Hay
Will Geer, “Grandpa,” The Waltons

15. MATTACHINE SOCIETY
• By 1950, Los Angeles, Hay found homosexual men
interested in a group
• The Mattachine Society
• Les Societes Mattachines
• 13th- 14th-century France
& Spain
• Theater group
• Unmarried men
• Cross dressed
• Hay quit Communist
Party, 1951,
Harry Hay (upper left)
(l-r) Konrad Stevens, Dale Jennings,
Rudi Gernreich, Stan Witt, Bob Hull,
Chuck Rowland, Paul Bernard

16. MISSION & PURPOSE
“The Mattachine Society holds it possible and desirable
that a highly ethical homosexual culture emerge, as a
consequence of its work, paralleling the emerging cultures
of our fellow-minorities—the Negro, Mexican, and Jewish
Peoples. The Society believes homosexuals can lead well-
adjusted, wholesome, and socially productive lives once
ignorance and prejudice against them is successfully
combated, and once homosexuals feel they have a
dignified and useful role to play in society.”
from Radically Gay: Gay Liberation in the Words of Its Founder,
Harry Hay

18. DALE JENNINGS
• A founding Mattachine Society member
• 1952, public men’s room Westlake Park
• Man walked up to him with hand on his crotch.
• Jennings wasn’t interested, and left men’s room.
• The man talked to Jennings and followed him home.
• Jennings said “good-bye” and went inside, but the man invited
himself inside.
• The stranger continued to make sexual advances to Jennings in
his home, but Jennings refused. “At last he grabbed my hand
and tried to force it down the front of his trousers. I jumped up
and away. Then there was the badge and he was snapping the
handcuffs on with the remark, ‘Maybe you’ll talk better with my
partner outside’.”

19. MATTACHINE SOCIETY
• Mattachine Society: Subcommittee
• Citizens Committee to Outlaw Entrapment
• Lawyer, George Shibley took the case
• Won: 11 out of 12 voted for acquittal, 1 did not
• : Hung Jury
George and wife Elenor

20. “OUT OF MANY, ONE”
• The publicity over the trial sparked other Mattachine
Society Chapters in U.S.
• Jan. 1953, One, Inc. separately published first issue of One
Magazine devoted to Dale Jennings story.

21. ONE
• First U.S. pro-homosexual publication
Sold openly on the streets
• 1954, U.S. Postal Service declared
“obscene” under Comstock Law
• 1958, Roth v. United States
U.S. Supreme Court
• One, Inc. successful
• Freedom of Speech

22. MATTACHINE SOCIETY
• 1953 leadership struggle at chapter conference
• Increasing anti-Communism climate in U.S.
• Delegates votes to take more conservative direction
• Original Members left the organization
• Kenneth Burns took over as new head of Mattachine.

23. KENNETH BURNS
• Homosexuals are like heterosexuals except for what they do in bed:
• The Mattachine Society “will consist of aiding established and recognized
scientists, clinics, research organizations and institutions…studying sex
variation problems.”

24. THE MATTACHINE REVIEW

25. DAUGHTERS OF BILITIS
• 1950s , San Francisco
• Small social club for lesbians
• 1955, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
• Daughters of Bilitis

26. BILITIS
“Song of Bilitis”
Sappho’s LoverPierre de Louÿs
French poet & writer

27. DAUGHTERS OF BILITIS
• Purpose:
• to educate “the variant” to “understand herself and make her adjustment to
society”
• Leading public discussions
• “advocating a mode of behavior and dress acceptable to society”
• hoped to shatter negative myths
• Worked to eliminate
prejudicial laws

28. THE LADDER
• Other chapter formed around country
• The Ladder

29. BILLY LEE TIPTON
• Born Dorothy Lucille
Tipton
• American Jazz
musician &
bandleader
• Lived as trans man 40
years

30. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
• Mattachine, & Daughters of Bilitis membership small
• Conservative times
• 1953, Executive Order 10450
• Excluding people engaging in
“sexual perversion”
from obtaining government jobs

31. ALLEN GINSBERG
• 1955
• Controversial book Howl
• Openly explores homoerotic themes
Peter Orlovsky & Allen Ginsberg

32. JAMES BALDWIN
• Novelist
• Issues of homophobia & racism
• Defended homosexuality
• Exposed heterosexual hostility

34. LESBIAN “PULP FICTION
• New genre
• Drug stores & train stations
• Steamy stories of lesbian & bisexual love and adventure

35. VIN PARKER, SPRING FIRE
“A story once held in
whispers, now frankly,
honestly written.”

36. ARTEMIS SMITH, THE THIRD SEX
“To fool society, they
married, for Joan
loved women and
Marc preferred men.”
“Told with
unblushing honesty.
Here is a penetrating
story of society’s
greatest curse:
homosexuality.”

37. ARTEMIS SMITH,
THIS BED WE MADE
“She loved her husband.
Then her girl friend.”

38. ANN BANNON, ODD GIRL OUT
They witnessed “a
confession of love — as
shocking and as honest — as
SPRING FIRE.”

39. LESLEY EVANS,
STRANGE ARE THE WAYS OF LOVE
“She’d come to New York to find
someone to love. When she met
Mike, she thought he might be the
one. Then she met Laura.”

40. ANN BANNON, BEEBO BRINKER
“Lost, lonely, boyishly
appealing—this is Beebo
Brinker—who never really
knew what she wanted –
until she came to
Greenwich Village and
found the love that
smoulders in the shadows
of the twilight world.”

41. CHRISTINE JORGENSEN
• 1952, Coming out from another shadow
• MtF gender confirmation procedure
• Copenhagen, Denmark
• Dr. Joseph Angelo

42. FRANKLIN KAMENY
• Political front
• 1957, Franklin Kameny fired from Army post
• Homosexual
• First to appeal
• Lost in court
• Founded Mattachine, DC

43. STOCKELY CARMICHAEL
(KWAME TURE)
• Kameny followed African Americans
• Stokely Carmichael in 1960s
• Motto: “Black is Beautiful” & “Black Power”
• Kameny: “Gay is Good”
• Urged others to take more
militant stance
• Pushed for homosexual rights
• Radical departure from
• Pleas for tolerance

45. JOSÉ SARRIA
• 1961, first “out” homosexual
• Run for elective public office U.S.
• Entertainer Black Cat Club
• San Francisco City Supervisor
• Did not win
• 5600 Votes

46. JOSÉ SARRIA
• Sarria nightly performed the opera Carmen
• Black Cat Bar
• Following, patrons linked arms singing
• “God Save Us Nelly Queens”
• To tune of “God Save the Queen”

47. SOCIETY FOR INDIVIDUAL
RIGHTS
• San Francisco, 1964
• SIR, Political Organization
• Formed by Tavern Guild, bar owners of LGBT bars to
protect against police harassment

48. HOMOPHILE DEMONSTRATION
• Coalition organized by One, Inc. with
• Daughters of Bilitis
• Mattachine Society
• White House, April 17, 1965
• Protest federal government policy
• “…discrimination and hostility
against its homosexual American
citizens.”
• Men: suits & ties
• Women: dresses and heels

49. HOMOPHILE DEMONSTRATION
• Coalition
• Daughters of Bilitis
• Mattachine Society
• July 4, 1966 – 1969
• Philadelphia: Independence Hall
• “Annual Reminder”
• Forerunner:
• Annual LGBT Marches & Parades

50. U.S. SUPREME COURT
• Griswold v. Connecticut, 7-2 decision, 1965
• Connecticut’s anti-contraception law, passed in 1879
prohibited the use of “any drug, medicinal article or
instrument for the purpose of preventing conception.”
• The Constitution guarantees
right of privacy.
• Connecticut’s law unconstitutional.

51. NOW ON LESBIANS
• Beginning of NOW
• 1969, Lesbian board member Rita Mae Brown purged
Rita Mae Brown

52. “THE LAVENDER MANACE”
• NOW founder, Betty Friedan referred to lesbians as “the lavender menace”
Betty Friedan Lesbians wearing “Lavender
Menace” T-shirts

53. RECONCILIATION
• 1970
• NOW annual convention
• Resolution:
• “The oppression of lesbians as a legitimate concern of feminism.”
• Today, lesbians & bisexual women integral part of NOW.

54. THE HOMOSEXUALS
• March 7, 1967, CBS Reports, 1 hour
• Interview:
• Gay men
• one partially hid by potted palm
• Psychiatrists
• Legal experts
• Cultural critics
• Footage of police raid on gay bar
• Franklin Kameny picketing Independence Hall
• Dr. Charles Socarides, disease model

55. THE HOMOSEXUALS
• Professor Albert Goldman:
“…homosexuality is just one of a number of...things all tending toward
the subversion, toward the final erosion, of our cultural values."
• Gay author Gore Vidal: Homosexuality is as natural as heterosexuality”
"The United States is living out some mad Protestant 19th century
dream of human behavior....I think the so-called breaking of the moral
fiber of this country is one of the healthiest things that's begun to
happen.”

56. THE HOMOSEXUALS
• Host Mike Wallace concluded:
• “The dilemma of the homosexual: told by the medical profession he
is sick; by the law that he's a criminal; shunned by employers;
rejected by heterosexual society. Incapable of a fulfilling a
relationship with a woman, or for that matter with a man. At the
center of his life he remains anonymous. A displaced person. An
outsider.”

57. CHINA
“CULTURAL REVOLUTION” (1966-1976)
• Period of persecution
• Government considered homosexuality a social disgrace and form of
mental illness.
• Police regularly arrested LGBT people.
• Charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order.

58. END OF 1960S
• Film
• “The Boys in the Band”
• Reflects stereotypes, shame, and humor of homosexual
(not “gay”) men
“The only happy
homosexual is a dead
homosexual.”

59. Post “Stonewall”

60. TURNING AWAY FROM
NON-VIOLENT DEMONSTRATIONS
• October 16, 1967
• Anti-war protestors shut down military induction center, Oakland, California

61. Founded Oakland, California by Bobby Seale
& Huey Newton, October 15, 1966

62. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL
CONVENTION
• August 28, 1968
• Chicago
The “Chicago 7”

63. BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA
• 1968
• Anti-war
Demonstration

64. THE YOUNG LORDS
• New York City, 1969

65. GENE COMPTON’S CAFETERIA
RIOTS
• San Francisco, August 1966
• First collective violent resistance to oppression against
LGBT people in U.S.
• Police conducted raid, entered Compton’s, began
physically harassing the clientele.

66. GENE COMPTON’S CAFETERIA
RIOTS
• People fought back hurling coffee at the officers,
heaving cups, dishes, and trays around the cafeteria.
• Police retreated outside as customers smashed windows.
Over the course of the next night, people gathered to
picket the cafeteria, which refused to allow trans people
back inside.

67. THE ADVOCATE
• The Advocate
• Los Angeles gay newspaper
• Begins Publication
• September 1967
• Begun by landscape gardener,
Steve Ginsberg and PRIDE
group.

68. LGBT BOOKSTORES
• Craig Rodwell, a key person in the later Stonewall Inn riots
• Founded first “Gay Bookstore”
• New York City, 1967
• Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop

69. THE STONEWALL INN RIOTS
• June 28, 1969
• Stonewall Inn, 53 Christopher Street
• Greenwich Village, NYC
• Transgender people, lesbians, gays,
bisexuals, People of Color,
street people, students
• Police Raid
• Trumped-up charge:
Selling alcohol without license

70. THE STONEWALL INN RIOTS
 Harassed too long
 One of first time challenging police
 flinging bottles, rocks, bricks, trash cans, parking meters as battering rams
 Five nights

71. MATTACHINE PLEA FOR CALM

72. GAY LIBERATION FRONT (GLF)

73. GAY LIBERATION FRONT
• Young people
• Groups in U.S. & other countries
• Living rooms, church basements, storefronts
• Explore new ways of living
Martha Shelley, GLF Co-Founder

74. GLF COLLECTIVE, DC

75. GAY LIBERATION FRONT
• Coalition Building

77. • Snake Pit raid, NYC - March 8, 1970
• Unlicensed bar, dancing and alcohol, a few blocks from
Stonewall Inn.
• All of the patrons taken to police station.
• One patron, Alfred Diego Vinales, 23-years old, Argentinian
national, expired visa.
• At police station, terrified, threw himself from a window in
effort to escape
• Impaled on iron spiked fence below in five places on his
body.
• Fence had to be cut away.
• He was taken to hospital.
• He survived
• Community organized protest march.

78. MAY DAY DEMONSTRATIONS
• May 1, 1971, D.C.
• Purpose: Shut down government
• Protest Vietnam War
• GLF Washington, D.C.
organized “Gay May Day”
• Thousands arrested

79. GAY ACTIVISTS ALLIANCE
• Ideological differences
• Another Group: GAA
• Militant, non-violent
• Single Issue
• More structured
• Logo: Greek Lambda,
• Symbol for wavelength in
quantum physics,
suggesting dynamism

80. GAY ACTIVISTS ALLIANCE
• From GAA Preamble, demanded:
• Freedom for expression of our dignity and value as human beings through
confrontation with and disarmament of all mechanisms which unjustly inhibit us:
economic, social and political.

81. GLF & GAA WOMEN
• Some women remained in GLF & GAA,
• Many women considered their issues different from gay men
• Also, they sometimes
experienced sexism in
GLF & GAA

82. RADICALESBIANS
• Separated
• Formed groups
• Publications
• Argued:
• fight against sexism required
all women to band together to
challenge male privilege &
heterosexual institutions.

83. LABRYS
• Taken as a symbol of female power

84. SYLVIA RIVERA
• Latina U.S.-American gay liberationist and transgender
rights activist.
• Sylvia (Ray) Rivera
• Co-Founded STAR —
Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries
• Shelter , support to young
people living on the street
• She worked tirelessly for the most vulnerable members of
the community: drag queens, homeless youth, LGBT
people in prison and jail, and transgender people.
• Rivera worked on issues of intersectionality: issues of
poverty and discrimination faced by people of color,

85. MARCIA P. JOHNSON
• Marcia P. Johnson, a prominent activist in the Stonewall Inn uprising in 1969, a
founding member of the Gay Liberation Front, co-founded the radical activist group
Street Transvestite Action Rebolutionaries (S.T.A.R.) alongside close friend Sylvia
Rivera.
• A popular figure in New York City’s art scene, Johnson modeled for Andy Warhol,
and a stage performer with the drag performance troupe Hot Peaches.
• Johnson was known as the "mayor of Christopher Street, and an AIDS activist from
1987-1992 with the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP).

86. RADICAL FAIRIES
• Founder: Harry Hay
• Offshoot of men’s GLF
• Nationwide, grassroots movement
• Alternative ways of living
• Spiritual movement
• Nurture special gay
consciousness
that society
attempts to kill
Harry Hay & John Burnside

87. PRIDE MARCHES
• Christopher Street Liberation Day Umbrella Committee
• New York City
• First March
• Sunday, June 28, 1970
• Sixth Avenue
• June:
• “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
&Transgender Pride
Month”

88. Christopher Street
Liberation Day,
NYC, 1971,
DC Contingent

89. FEMINIST BOOKSTORES
• 1970, First Feminist Bookstore
• Amazon Bookstore Cooperative
• (called later True Colors)
• Minneapolis, Minnesota

90. LGBT COMMUNITY CENTERS
• Morris Kight, an organizer of GLF Los Angeles
• Founded first LGBT Community Center
• 1971, Los Angeles

91. NATIONAL GAY STUDENT CENTER
• 1971, Washington, DC
• National organization
• Founded by Warren J. Blumenfeld
• Serving student campus organizations
• Office of National Student Association
• Became office of U.S. Student
Association

92. INTERCHANGE

93. FIRST UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
GROUPS
• 1967, Student Homophile League
• Columbia University in 1967
• Followed soon by
• MIT, Stanford, Cornell
• 1920s, Oberlin Lesbian Society
• Oberlin College
• Women’s group devoted to writing poetry

94. CAMPUSES DENIED
RECOGNITION
San Jose State University, Boston College, University of New Hampshire
Virginia Commonwealth University, University of Southern California
Texas A & M University , Tulane University , University of Maryland
Florida State University, Colorado College, University of Tennessee
University of Alabama, Sacramento State University , California
Polytechnic, William Jewell College, University of Texas at Austin,
University of Southern Mississippi, University of South Carolina,
University of Washington, Austin Peay State University ,
Polk Community College , Pennsylvania State University,
University of Oklahoma at Norman, University of Missouri at Columbia,
Georgetown University , California State University Fullerton,
College of the Sequoias, University of Kansas at Lawrence,
West Virginia University, Fordham University

95. CALIFORNIA
• Consensual Same-Sex Sexuality illegal until 1975

96. 1. …the effect of recognition by the college of the Gay
Liberation Front could conceivably be to endorse or
promote homosexual behavior, to attract homosexuals
to the campus, and to expose minors to homosexual
advocacy and practices, and
2. …belief that the proposed Front created too great a risk
for students – a risk which might lead students to engage
in illegal homosexual behavior. [1970]

97. PRECEDENT SETTING COURT CASE
• GLF Students, Sacramento State University,
• Sued Chancellor Glen Dunke
• Sacramento County Superior Court
• Won case on First Amendment rights
• Freedom of Speech
• Freedom of Association
• “…to justify suppression of free speech, there must be
reasonable grounds to fear that serious evil will result if
free speech is practiced; there must be reasonable
ground to believe that the danger apprehended is
imminent.”

98. FIRST “OUT” ELECTED UNIVERSITY
STUDENT PRESIDENT
1970, Jack Baker,
University of Minnesota
“PUT YOURSELF---in---JACK BAKER’S SHOES!
IF YOU Were ELECTED MSA President
Could YOU Forget The People Who Put YOU There?

99. “HOMOPHOBIA”
1972

100. DEADLY HATE CRIME – LGBT CLUB
• Arson Fire, Molotov Cocktail, Kills 32
• June 24, 1973
• The UpStairs Lounge, New Orleans, LA

101. HATE CRIME – GAY CLUB
• Shooting Outside Club, No Injuries
• November 18, 1980
• Ramrod club, New York City, NY
Shooter said gay men are agents
of the devil, are stalking him and
“trying to steal my soul just by
looking at me.”

102. HATE CRIME – LESBIAN CLUB
• Nail Bomb, 150 Inside, 5 Injured
• February 21, 1997
• Other Side Lounge, Atlanta, GA

103. DEADLY HATE CRIME – LGBT CLUB
• Bomb, 2 Killed, 81 Injured
• April 30, 1999
• Admiral Duncan pub, London, England

104. DEADLY HATE CRIME – LGBT CLUB
• Shooter Opened Fire, 1 Killed, 6 Wounded
• September 22, 2000
• The Back Street Cafe, Roanoke, VA

105. HATE CRIME – LGBT CLUB
• Arson Fire, Gasoline on Carpeted Stairway
• No injuries
• December 31, 2013
• Neighbours night club, Seattle, WA

106. DEADLY HATE CRIME – LGBT CLUB
• Shooter with Semiautomatic Weapon & Hand Gun
• 49 Killed, 53 Injured
• June 12, 2016
• Pulse club, Latin Night, Orlando, FL

107. NATIONAL GAY & LESBIAN TASK
FORCE
• 1973, National Gay Task Force, New York City
• Changed to National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
• Washington, D.C.
Founders at 1973 Press Conference

108. HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN
• 1980
"The Human Rights Campaign envisions an America
where LGBT people are ensured of their basic equal
rights, and can be open, honest and safe at home, at
work and in the community.”

109. PFLAG
• 1972, parents and friends organizing
• Support for themselves & loved ones
• Today, international network

110. LGBT POLITICAL CLUBS
• 1972, Jim Foster, San Francisco
• Developed concept
• LGBT political clubs
• First, Alice B. Toklas
Memorial Democratic Club
• Foster, first out person address
a national political convention,
July 12, 1972, Democratic

111. LGBT POLITICAL CLUBS
• Log Cabin Republications
• National Office
• Local Chapters

112. KATHY KOZACHENKO
• First “Out” lesbian
• 1974 elected to public office
• Ann Arbor, Michigan city council.

113. ELAINE NOBLE
• First “out” lesbian
• 1974, Elected to statewide office
• House of Representatives in Massachusetts

114. FRED KARGER
• First “out” candidate of a major political
party (Republican) in the U.S., 2012
• Though unsuccessful, he had experience
working in several political campaigns,
and as a senior consultant to the
campaigns of Gerald Ford, Ronald
Reagan, and George H. W. Bush

115. U.S. CONGRESSIONAL PIONEERS
Gerry Studds (D-
MA)
Barney Frank
(D-MA) Tami Baldwin
(D-WI)

116. FIRST OUT AMBASSADOR
• James Hormel
• Ambassador to Luxembourg, 1999
• Bill Clinton, Congressional Recess Appointment

117. LEONARD MATLOVICH
• Air Force Technical Sergeant
• Vietnam War Veteran
• Race Relations Instructor
• Purple Heart, Bronze Star
• 1975, Came out to
oppose Military Policy
• Discharged

118. LEONARD MATLOVICH
• 1978, won case
• Could be reinstated
• Cash settlement
• Donated to LGBT
Organizations
• Died 1988
"Never Again, Never Forget – A Gay Vietnam Veteran –
When I was in the military they gave me a medal for
killing two men and a discharge for loving one."

119. “SAVE OUR CHILDREN”
• Anita Bryant
• Former Beauty Queen
• 1977, Campaign
• Overturned
• LGBT Rights Ordinance
• Dade County, Florida

121. “THE BRIGGS INITIATIVE”
• 1978, California Proposition 6
• John Briggs, California State Legislature
• Ban Lesbians &
Gays & Supporters
• Working in California
public schools.
• Failed
• Dampened climate

122. RAINBOW FLAG
• 1978
• Designed by S.F. Artist
• Gilbert Baker
• Symbol LGBT diversity
• Originally 8 colors
• Pink & Turquoise removed

123. ABC-TV “SOAP” 1977-1991
Billy Chrystal
(“Jodie Dallas”)

124. HARVEY MILK
• 1977, San Francisco
• Harvey Milk, open gay man
• Elected City Supervisor

125. MILK & MOSCONE MURDERED
• November 27, 1978
• Harvey Milk & pro-gay
Mayor George Moscone murdered

126. DAN WHITE
• Former police officer
• Former San Francisco
City Supervisor,

127. VERDICT
• White convicted
• “Twinkie Defense”
• Reduced charge:
• Voluntary Manslaughter
• 6 year sentence
• Released 5 1/2 years
• October 21, 1985
• Committed suicide
May 21, 1979
“White Night Riots”
San Francisco

128. HARVEY MILK HIGH SCHOOL
• Founded by Hetrick-Martin Institute
• 1985, NYC, small high school
• At-risk non-heterosexual & non-
gender conforming youth
• Fully accredited 2002
• Run by NYC School system

129. FRICKE V. LYNCH, 1980
• Aaron Fricke
• Prevented by school officials from taking
male date, Paul Guilbert, to Senior Prom
• Cumberland, Rhode Island
• Successfully sued, U.S. District Court
• Fricke and Guilbert attended prom.

130. JAMIE NABOZNY
• Subjected to relentless antigay bullying
• By other students, High School, Ashland,
Wisconsin
• Mock rape, urinated on, kicked
• Required surgery
• School officials: “he should expect it
because he is gay”
• Attempted suicide several times,
• Dropped out
• Ran away

131. NABOZNY V. PODLESNY, 1996
• Sued school
• Trial court dismissed lawsuit
• Lambda Legal took case to federal appeals court
• Finding: public school could be held accountable for not
stopping antigay abuse.
• Back to trial & jury
• Verdict: school officials liable for harm they caused
• Settlement: about $1 million

132. VANCE V. SPENCER COUNTY PUBLIC
SCHOOL DISTRICT, 2000
• Parents of 6th grade girl filed suit again Kentucky school
under Title IX, Kentucky’s Civil Rights Act for failing to
intervene against harassment on basis of sex, sexual
orientation, and national (German) origin.
• Court found “deliberate indifference” by Spencer County
Public School District claiming that “[w]here a school
district has actual knowledge that its efforts to remediate
are ineffective, and it continues to use those same
methods to no avail, such district has failed to act
reasonably in light of current circumstances.”

133. MCLAUGHLIN V. PULESKI COUNTY SPECIAL
SCHOOL DISTRICT, 2003
• Thomas McLaughlin, an openly gay 14-year-old 9th grade
student at Jacksonville Junior High School, Jacksonville,
Arkansas. School officials prohibited him from discussing his
identity with other students.
Thomas McLaughlin

134. MCLAUGHLIN V. PULESKI COUNTY SPECIAL
SCHOOL DISTRICT, 2003
• An assistant principal preached his religious beliefs at Thomas.
• Forced him to read Bible.
• Expelled him for two days for telling peers about this.
• McLaughlin family sued in court for violating First Amendment
Establishment Clause.
• Also, prohibiting him from discussing his identity, a violation of
First Amendment freedom of speech, and 14th Amendment
Equal Protection Clause.
• Court ordered school to pay $25,ooo for violation of rights.

135. FLORES V. MORGAN HILL UNIFIED
SCHOOL DISTRICT, 2004
• Six students charged Morgan Hill (CA) Unified School District ignoring or
minimizing claims of harassment & abuse by others who perceived them as
LGBT.
Alana Flores with Lawyer, Kate Kendall, 2004

136. FLORES V. MORGAN HILL UNIFIED SCHOOL
DISTRICT, 2004
• Students plaintiffs: Alena Flores, Freddie Fuentes, Jeanette Dousharm, and
three others.
• 9th District Court of Appeals ruled unanimously for the students declaring if a
school knows anti-gay harassment is occurring, it must take meaningful steps
to end it and protect students.
• School ordered to implement comprehensive training program for
administrators, staff, and students to combat homophobic harassment.

137. GAY/STRAIGHT
ALLIANCES
• High Schools & Middle Schools
• Support Groups
• Raise visibility
• Work to reduce harassment
& violence

138. GLSEN
• Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network
• 1990, NYC, National Organization
“GLSEN seeks to develop school climates where
difference is valued for the positive contribution it makes
to creating a more vibrant and diverse community. “

139. MELVIN BOOZER
• 1980, Lesbian & Gay Caucus
• Democratic Presidential Convention
• Nominate for Vice-President
• Melvin Boozer, Chair GAA – DC
• Addressed Convention
• Raised LGBT issues
• Then declined nomination

140. SHARON KOWALSKI
• 1983, car accident
• Seriously injured
• Partner, Karen Thompson
• Battled 10 years
• Guardianship
• Kowalski’s parents
• Denied contact 3 ½ years
• Thompson eventually won
Kowalski & Thompson

141. SIMON NKOLI
Gay South African Anti-Apartheid and AIDS Activist

142. BISEXUAL MOVEMENT
• There from the beginning
of activism
• 1970s organized
• Rights of bisexuals

143. FIRST NATIONAL BISEXUAL
CONFERENCE

144. BISEXUAL PUBLICATIONS

145. 1970S + PUBLICATIONS

146. TRANSGENDER MOVEMENT
• Liberation Movement
• Deconstructing Categories
• Obliterating Binary Opposites:
man/woman heterosexual/non-heterosexual, masculinity/femininity

147. LESLIE FEINBERG
Historian, Writer, Activist

148. KATE BORNSTEIN
Writer, Activist, Performance Artist

149. RIKI WILCHINS
Writer, Founder, GenderPac

150. INTERSEX MOVEMENT
• More that two sexes
• Approximately 1 in 2000 people
• Fighting for the rights of intersex people to make their own choices regarding
their bodies and to increase awareness of intersex people.

151. INTERSEX MOVEMENT
“‘Intersex’" is the word that describes those of us who,
without voluntary medical interventions, possess bodies
that doctors can't neatly classify as male or female. This
includes people who have chromosomal sex other than XX
(female) or XY (male), or primary or secondary sex
characteristics that defy the medical definitions of male
and female. Somehow, doctors get freaked out when a
newborn baby is found to be intersexed, and often
mutilate her or his genitals to conform them to the doctors'
idea of what a normal baby should look like, even though
intersex conditions usually do not threaten the health of
the infant. Parents are often not given enough information
or support to make an informed decision regarding their
babies' care.”
Emi Koyama, Intersex Initiative Portland

152. INTERSEX MOVEMENT
Cheryl Chase Nthabiseng Mokoena Tony Briffa
Morgan Carpenter Natasha Jiménez MataMiquel Missé

153. ASEXUAL ACTIVISTS MOVEMENT
• Asexual activists organizing for the rights or asexual people and raising
asexual visibility.
David Jay (left - founder of the Asexual Awareness
Week committee, and Sara Beth Brooks (right-
founder of The Asexual Visibility and Education
Network).

154. ANNE FAUSTO-STERLING

155. STATEWIDE LGBT LAWS
1. 1982 – Wisconsin
2. 1989 – Massachusetts
3. 1991 – Hawai’i
4. 1991 – Connecticut
5. 1992 – Vermont
6. 1993 – Minnesota
7. 1997 – New Hampshire
8. 1999 – Nevada
9. 2001 – Rhode Island
10. 2001 – Maryland
11. 2002 – New York
12. 2003 – New Mexico
13. 2003 – California
14. 2005 – Illinois
15. 2005 – D. C.
16. 2005 – Maine
17. 2006 – Washington
18. 2006 – New Jersey
19. 2007 – Iowa
20. 2007 – Oregon
21. 2007 – Colorado
22. 2009 – Delaware
LGB LGBT

156. AIDS & Beyond

157. “EARLY YEARS”
• Late 1970s
• Unexplained maladies
• Epidemic: Western Africa
• 1980, U.S. at least fifty cases
• Majority: gay men + “4H Club”:
• Gay & Bisexual Men (Homosexuals)
• Haitians
• Intervenes Drug Users (Heroine Users)
• People with Hemophilia
Kaposi sarcoma

158. “GRID”
• “Gay-related immune deficiency”
• Activists protested
• Changed: “Acquired immune deficiency syndrome” (AIDS)
• Not restricted to “4H” communities

159. ROCK HUDSON

160. GOVERNMENT INTRANSIGENCE
• Ronald Reagan, elected 1980
• 7 full years
• Not raise issue

161. PATRICK BUCHANAN
• Reagan’s Chief of Communications
• AIDS does not
deserve
compassionate
response
“The poor homosexuals -- they have declared war
upon nature, and now nature is extracting an
awful retribution (AIDS)”
(Los Angeles Times, 11/28/86).

162. WOMEN’S HEALTH CENTERS

164. LGBT HEALTH CENTERS

166. AIDS ACTIVISM
• 1986, New York City
• ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power)
• Network formed
• “Silence = Death”

168. AIDS ACTIVISM
Non-Violent Civil Disobedience

169. WALL STREET PROTEST
Immediate release by FDA of life-
saving drugs; abolishment of double-
blind studies where some get new
drugs and some don't; availability of
these drugs at affordable prices;
massive public education to stop the
spread of AIDS; policy to prohibit
discrimination in AIDS treatment,
insurance, employment, housing;
establishment of a coordinated,
comprehensive, compassionate
national policy on AIDS.
NYC, March 24, 1987

170. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
• ACT UP Protesting CDC Definition of AIDS that Excludes Women, 1987,
Throughout the Country

171. FEDERAL FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
• Rockville, Maryland, October 11, 1988
• Shut down the FDA to push for expedited drug approval
process and drug availability

172. “STOP THE CHURCH”
• ACT UP Demonstration
• New York City, Sunday Dec. 10, 1989
• St. Patrick’s Cathedral
• To oppose the Archdiocese of New York’s
stands against the use of condoms and
stands against comprehensive sexuality
education.

173. WHITE HOUSE
DEMONSTRATION
• ACT UP organized demonstration, 1992
• Response to inaction by Reagan and Bush Administrations
• Deposit ashes of people who died from AIDS on White House
lawn

174. WHITE HOUSE
DEMONSTRATION
• ACT UP organized demonstration, 1998
• Response to Bill Clinton reneging on election promise to make
combatting AIDS a priority
• Steve Michael, founder ACT UP D.C. died May 25, 1998
• Wayne Turner, his partner, conducted political funeral with
open casket as Michael’s final White House protest June 4,
1998

175. CLEAN NEEDLE EXCHANGE
• ACT UP program giving out clean syringes and bleach kits to disinfect old
needles, exchange up to 20 needles per person a week to slow the
transmission of HIV in drug using populations.

176. SENATOR JESSIE HELMS
• 1987, sponsored bill
• Prohibited federal funding for AIDS educational materials that “promote or
encourage...homosexual sexual activity.”

177. HOLD POLITICIANS
ACCOUNTABLE
9/1991, Subgroup of ACTUP-NY
Covered conservative Senator Jesse Helm’s (R-NC) House
Suburban Virginia, Mock Condom

178. EDUCATION
• LGBT people leaders
“Safer Sex” education
• Advocates Comprehensive
Sex Education in Schools

179. AIDS PHOBIA
 Ryan White
 Kokomo, Indiana
 Hemophilia
 HIV Infected, early 1980s
 “Accused” of being gay
 Posed no risk to classmates
 Expelled from
Middle School
 Won court case
returned to school
 Died 1990

180. “I’M STILL STANDING”

181. THE NAMES PROJECT
• Cleve Jones, San Francisco, Founder, 1987
• Patchwork Quilt commemorating people who died of HIV/AIDS

182. “QUEER” ACTIVISM
• Odd or Unusual
• Became anti-LGBT Epithet
• Youth reclaimed term
• Empowerment
• Transgressive
• Counter Status Quo

183. QUEER NATION
• 1990
• Young people
• Direct-action
• Non-Violent network

184. CONFRONTATIONAL POLITICS

185. QUEER NATION MANIFESTO
• http://www.qrd.org/qrd/misc/text/queers.read.this
rd/misc/text/queers.read.this
Queers Read This:
I Hate Straights

186. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
• Michael Hardwick
• Arrested
• Consensual Sex
• Home
• Arrested: Georgia’s 1816
Anti-Sodomy Law
• 1986, Bowers v. Hardwick
• Ruled against Hardwick

187. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
• 1996, Romer v. Evans
• Ruled Unconstitutional
• Ballot Amendment 2
• Colorado state
Constitution
• Would have prevented
recognizing homosexuals
as protected class.
Plaintiffs
Romer v. Evans

188. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy
Majority Opinion:
“A state cannot so deem a class of persons a
stranger to its laws…”

189. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE
ARTS
• 1989, Jesse Helms’s sponsorship
• Congress passed amendment
• Restrict funding art deemed “homoerotic” or “religiously
offensive”

190. ROBERT MAPPLETHORP

191. DESERT HEARTS

192. MAKING LOVE

193. PARIS IS BURNING

194. NATIONAL MARCHES ON
WASHINGTON
• 1979
• 1987
• 1993
• 2000

195. HOLIDAYS
• National Day of Silence, April 1
• LGBT Pride Month, June
• Bisexuality Day, September 23
• National LGBT History Month, October
• National Coming Out Day/Week, October 11
• Transgender Day of Remembrance, November 20
• World AIDS Day, December 1
• National Gay/Straight Alliance Day, January 25

196. • Lavender Graduation annual ceremony on campuses to honor
LGBTQIA and ally students to acknowledge their achievements
and contributions to their colleges and universities.
• Created by Dr. Ronni Sanlo, a Jewish Lesbian, who was denied
the opportunity to attend the graduations of her birth children
because of her sexual orientation.
• Encouraged by the Dean of Students at the University of
Michigan, Dr. Sanlo designed the first Lavender Graduation
Ceremony in 1995 with 3 graduates.

197. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA
ON ATHEISM
"The Boy Scouts of America maintains that no member can grow
into the best kind of citizen without recognizing an obligation to
God. In the first part of the Scout Oath or Promise the member
declares, ‘On my honor I will do my best to do my duty to God and
my country and to obey the Scout Law.’ The recognition of God as
the ruling and leading power in the universe and the grateful
acknowledgment of His favors and blessings are necessary to the
best type of citizenship and are wholesome precepts in the
education of the growing members."

198. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA
ON HOMOSEXUALITY
"Boy Scouts of America believes that homosexual
conduct is inconsistent with the obligations in the Scout
Oath and Scout Law to be morally straight and clean
in thought, word, and deed. The conduct of youth
members must be in compliance with the Scout Oath
and Law, and membership in Boy Scouts of America is
contingent upon the willingness to accept Scouting’s
values and beliefs. Most boys join Scouting when they
are 10 or 11 years old. As they continue in the program,
all Scouts are expected to take leadership positions. In
the unlikely event that an older boy were to hold
himself out as homosexual, he would not be able to
continue in a youth leadership position."

199. JAMES DALE
• Assistant Scoutmaster
• Co-president Lesbian/Gay Student Alliance.
• Rutgers University
• Expelled from BSA

200. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA V. DALE
• 2000, Supreme Court
• Boy Scouts of America
• Have constitutional Rights
• Freedom of Association

201. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA
• Votes to end ban on gay and bisexual scouts, June 2013
• Votes to end ban on LGBT scout leaders, July 2015
• Votes to end ban on trans scouts, January 2017

202. SODOMY LAWS
• Laws against “unnatural” sex – not leading to procreation
• Anything from oral and anal sex to bestiality
• Used in modern times to arrest people engaged in same-sex behavior
• Most states in U.S. had such laws
• By 2002, 14 states retained these laws

203. SAME-SEX SEXUALITY ILLEGAL IN U.S.
• Same Sex Sexuality Illegal in all States and in D.C. before
1962 when Illinois became first to decriminalize.

204. SAME-SEX SEXUALITY IN U.S.
Same-sex sexuality had become legal in Illinois in 1962, Connecticut in 1971,
Colorado and Oregon in 1972, Delaware and Hawaii in 1973, Massachusetts and
Ohio in 1974, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and North Dakota in 1975,
California, Maine, Washington, and West Virginia in 1976, Indiana, Iowa, South
Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming in 1977, Nebraska in 1978, New Jersey in 1979,
Alaska, New York, and Pennsylvania in 1980, Wyoming in 1983, Kentucky in
1992, Nevada and District of Columbia in 1993, Tennessee in 1996, Montana in
1997, Georgia and Rhode Island in 1998, Maryland and Missouri (Western District
counties only) in 1999, Arizona and Minnesota in 2001, and Arkansas in 2002,
remainder in 2003 with Supreme Court Decision, Lawrence v. Texas.

205. LAWRENCE V. TEXAS (2003)
"The petitioners
are entitled to
respect for their
private lives. The
state cannot
demean their
existence or
control their
destiny by making
their private sexual
conduct a crime.“
John Geddes Lawrence &
Tyron Garner
Supreme Court Overturned Sodomy Laws

207. • Prohibits anyone who "demonstrate(s) a propensity or intent to engage in
homosexual acts" from serving in U.S. armed forces
• Because "it would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of
morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence
of military capability.“
• “Compromise,” 1993, Bill Clinton Administration
• Don’t come out, we won’t investigate
• Estimated 13,000 discharged between 1993 & 2011.

208. PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON
• President Bill Clinton impeached by U.S.
House of Representatives, December 19,
1998, for lying under oath to a federal
grand jury and for obstructing justice for
having a sexual affair with unpaid intern,
Monica Lewinsky.

209. ANITA HILL V. CLARENCE THOMAS
• In 1991, Anita Hill, attorney and professor, accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee
Clarence Thomas, who was her boss at the U.S. Department of Education and
the Equal Employment Opportunity, of sexual harassment. Thomas was later
confirmed as an Associate Justice on the Court.

210. • May 27, 2010, U.S. House of Representatives approved
Murphy amendment of National Defense Authorization
Act for 2001
• Repeal relevant sections of the law following study by
U.S. Department of Defense completed
• U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee
recommended similar measure in Defense
Authorization Act
• U.S. Congress Overturned DADT, 2011.
Colonel Greta Cammermeyer Lieutenant Daniel Choy

211. U.S. MILITARY LIFTS TRANS BAN
• July 1, 2016, U.S. Department of Defense Secretary, Ash
Carter, lifts transgender military ban allowing trans
people to serve openly in the U.S. military.
Sergeant Shane Ortega Captain Jennifer Peace

212. MARRIAGE FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES
• Fighting for rights of marriage
for same-sex couples
• On par with marriage for
different-sex couples
• 1,313 legal benefits

213. NEW ENGLAND BISHOPS
STATEMENT
• Statement of 16 New
England Catholic Bishops
• Delivered by Cardinal
Bernard Law, Boston
Archdiocese, June 2000
• Following Vermont
legislature recognizing civil
unions for same-sex
couples, April 2000.
Former Boston
Cardinal, Bernard Law

214. “The Legislature of the State of Vermont, by passing the
Civil Unions Bill, has attacked centuries of cultural and
religious esteem for marriage between a man and a
woman and has prepared the way for an attack on the
well-being of society itself….We, the Catholic Bishops…and
all people of good will…recognize the sacredness of
marriage and the family as ordered by God….[S]uch
legislation will undermine cultural and religious respect for
marriage and will inflict a wound upon society itself. The
obligation of society and the state to support and
strengthen marriage as the intimate union of a man and a
woman does not infringe upon the civil rights of others.
Rather, those seeking to redefine marriage for their own
purposes are the ones who are trying to impose their values
on the rest of the population.”

215. POPE FRANCIS
ON TRANS* PEOPLE
• Summer 2016 during his visit to Poland
• Pope denounced trans* people as the “annihilation of man”
• “Today, in schools they are teaching this to children – to
children! – that everyone can choose their gender.”
• He blamed what he called the “ideological colonizing” of
gender backed by “very influential countries.”

216. CATHOLIC CHURCH
ON TRANS* IDENTITIES
• Alex Salinas
• 21-year-old transman, Cadiz, Spain
• Applied, Godparent, of nephew
• Vatican denied request, 2015.

217. • Catholic Church: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith:
Transgender status "reveals in a public way an
attitude opposite to the moral imperative of
solving the problem of sexual identity according
to the truth of one's own sexuality. Therefore it is
evident that this person does not possess the
requirement of leading a life according to the
faith and in the position of godfather and is
therefore unable to be admitted to the position of
godfather or godmother."

218. PROPOSITION 8
• 2008, Proposition 8, California Constitutional Amendment,
voters passed
• Section 7.5 of the Declaration of Rights,
• "only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or
recognized in California.”

219. PROPOSITION 8
• Bishops, California Catholic Conference released statement in support
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mormons, gave support and large
funding
• First Presidency of the Church wrote letter
• Read in each Mormon California congregation:
Church members encouraged to "do all you can to support the proposed
constitutional amendment by donating of your means and time.”

220. PROPOSITION 8
• July 2010
• U.S. District Court
• Northern District, California
• Judge Vaughn R. Walker
• California’s Proposition 8
• Unconstitutional

221. INTERSECTIONALITY & COALITIONS
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning,
Intersex, Asexual people are members of all identities and
communities, and join in coalition in many movement
struggles.

222. INTERSECTIONALITY & COALITIONS

223. HOLLINGSWORTH V. PERRY
• June 26, 2013
• U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5-4
• California’s Pro-Proposition 8 Advocates
• Do not have standing to appeal the District Court’s order.
• Therefore, Proposition 8, Unconstitutional
• Only Effects California

224. DEFENSE OF MARRIAGE ACT
• 1996, Passed by Congress
• Section 2. Powers reserved to the states: No State, territory, or possession of
the United States, or Indian tribe, shall be required to give effect to any
public act, record, or judicial proceeding of any other State, territory,
possession, or tribe respecting a relationship between persons of the same
sex that is treated as a marriage under the laws of such other State, territory,
possession, or tribe, or a right or claim arising from such relationship.

225. DEFENSE OF MARRIAGE ACT
• Section 3. Definition of 'marriage' and 'spouse': In
determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of
any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various
administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States,
the word 'marriage' means only a legal union between
one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the
word 'spouse' refers only to a person of the opposite sex
who is a husband or a wife.

226. DEFENSE OF MARRIAGE ACT
• July 8, 2010,
• Judge Joseph L. Tauro
• U.S. District Court, Boston
• Defense of Marriage Act
violates the equal protection
of Due Process Clause of the
Fifth Amendment, U.S.
Constitution.
• Obama administration, stated
would no longer enforce the
Act, 2011.

227. EDITH WINDSOR & THEA SPYER
• Edith Windsor, and spouse Thea Spyer, married in
Canada 2007. State of New York recognized as valid.
• Together 44 years. Spyer died, left Windsor everything she
owned. The Internal Revenue service determined under
DOMA, Windsor and Spyer not considered married for
Federal estate tax purposes.
• Therefore, Spyer's estate owed
the government $363,053 in estate
taxes. Windsor paid the tax, then
sued for a refund. Case went to
U.S. Supreme Court.

228. UNITED STATES V. WINDSOR
• DOMA, Unconstitutional, U.S. Supreme Court
• “The federal statute is invalid, for no legitimate purpose
overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to
injure those whom the State, by its marriage laws, sought
to protect in personhood and dignity. By seeking to
displace this protection and treating those persons as
living in marriages less respected than others, the federal
statute is in violation of the Fifth Amendment.”
Justice Anthony Kennedy, Majority Opinion, 5-4, June 26, 2013

229. MARRIAGE FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES
(UNTIL JUNE 25, 2015)

230. OBERGEFELL, ET AL V. HODGES, DIRECTOR,
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ET AL
Supreme Court, June 26, 2015, 5-4 Decision
Legalizes Marriage for Same-Sex Couples Nationwide
Kagan Ginsberg Breyer Sotomayor Kennedy

231. OBERGEFELL, ET AL V. HODGES, DIRECTOR,
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ET AL
"No union is more profound than marriage, for it
embodies the highest ideals of love, fidelity, devotion,
sacrifice and family. In forming a marital union, two
people become something greater than they once
were.”
'Equal dignity in the eyes of the law’
"Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness,
excluded from one of civilization's oldest institutions. They
ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The
Constitution grants them that right."

232. OBERGEFELL, ET AL V. HODGES, DIRECTOR,
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ET AL
Jim Obergefell
Jim Obergefell sued Ohio when it would not legally recognize
his Maryland marriage to his husband John Arthur, his partner
of 21 years who has since died in 2013.

233. U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
• August 30, 2013
• Declares same-sex couples may file joint income tax
forms if legally married,
• Even if they move to a state that does not allow marriage
equality.

234. MANDATED LGBT HISTORY
• California legislature passed, Gov. Jerry Brown signed into law,
April 2011
• SB48, first in nation, requires state Board of Education & local
school districts to adopt textbooks & other teaching materials
in social studies courses to include contributions of LGBT
people. The law implemented 2013-2014 school year.

235. HILLARY CLINTON & BARACK
OBAMA
• Historic Speech
• United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland
• International Human Rights Day
• December 6, 2011
• Declared LGBT Rights are Human
Rights
• Also December 6, 2011
• President Barack Obama
• Issued Memorandum directing all
agencies to “promote and protect
the human rights of LGBT persons.”

236. “It is a violation of human rights when people are beaten
or killed because of their sexual orientation, or because
they do not conform to cultural norms about how men and
women should look or behave. It is a violation of human
rights when governments declare it illegal to be gay, or
allow those who harm gay people to go unpunished. Being
gay is not a Western invention; it is a human reality. And
protecting the human rights of all people, gay or straight, is
not something that only Western governments do. To LGBT
men and women worldwide: Wherever you live and
whatever your circumstances…please know that you are
not alone.”
Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton

237. UNITED NATIONS
• 2016, United Nations,
Human Rights Council
• Voted to establish 3-Year
position to monitor
violence and
discrimination around
the world based on
sexual and gender
identity.
• Vitit Muntarbhorn of
Thailand, international
human rights expert,
chosen.

238. GOV. RICK PERRY, PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN TV AD,
“STRONG,” 2011
I’m not ashamed to admit that I’m a Christian, but you don’t need to be in the pew
every Sunday to know there’s something wrong in this country when gays can
serve openly in the military but our kids can’t openly celebrate Christmas or pray in
school. As President, I’ll end Obama’s war on religion. And I’ll fight against liberal
attacks on our religious heritage. Faith made America strong. It can make her
strong again. I’m Rick Perry and I approve this message.
Campaigning,
Iowa State Fair, Aug. 2011

239. FIRST PRESIDENT TO “COME OUT” FOR
MARRIAGE EQUALITY – MAY 9, 2012

240. STONEWALL INN NATIONAL
MONUMENT
2016: President Barack Obama designated the historic
Stonewall Inn in NYC as a National Monument under the
National Park Service to honor the broader LGBT Equality
Movement.

241. BOBBY MONTOYA
• 7-year-old transgender child
wanted to join Girl Scouts,
Denver, Colorado, Fall 2011
• Troop leader initially denied
admission to Bobby for having
“boy parts”
• Bobby’s mother, Felisha
Archuleta, petitioned Scouts who
changed initial position &
released a statement:
“Girl Scouts is an inclusive
organization and we accept all girls
in Kindergarten through 12th grade
as members. If a child identifies as
a girl and the child’s family
presents her as a girl, Girl Scouts
of Colorado welcomes her as a Girl
Scout.”

242. MARY GONZALEZ
• August 2012
• Elected to Texas House of Representatives
• First elected politician to identify as Pansexual

243. RAISING CHILDREN
• Scientifically-based research studies
• Outcomes for children raised by
lesbians or gay men
• Neither better nor worse than for other
children in
• “…peer group relationships, self-
esteem, behavioral difficulties,
academic achievement, or warmth
and quality of family relationships.”
(Carpenter, “What happens to kids raised by
gay parents?” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 10,
2007).

244. RAISING CHILDREN
• Study, University of Southern
California
• Children with lesbian or gay parents
show more empathy and
appreciation for social diversity, and
they are less confined by gender-role
stereotypes.
(Stacey & Biblarz, “How Does the Sexual
Orientation of Parents Matter?,” American
Sociological Review, 2001)

245. NATIONAL GAY/STRAIGHT ALLIANCE
DAY
JANUARY 25 (FIRST CELEBRATED, 2012)
National Gay/Straight Alliance Day is meant to strengthen the bond
between LGBT people and straight allies, and in particular recognize
and honor gay-straight alliances (GSAs), which work to educate their
peers to stop heterosexism and cissexism in schools and colleges.
GSA Alliance Network

246. •(L-R) Nevada High School students:
•Anthony Martinez and Jacob Lescenski.
•Lescenski asked Martinez to their high school prom 2015.

247. THOMAS BEATIE
• Trans Man
• 2008
• Gave birth to baby boy

248. THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION
• June 2012
• Employers cannot discriminate on the basis of Gender Identity
• Violate Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964, which
Prohibits sex discrimination

249. LGBT EMPLOYMENT
President Obama signs Executive Order 11246, July 21, 2014
banning discrimination based on sexual orientation and
gender identity by federal contractors. No “religious
exemptions” allowed.

250. NORTH CAROLINA HOUSE BILL 2
• Passed and Signed by Governor Pat McCrory, 2016
• Limit everyone to enter only bathroom of gender on birth
certificate – Discriminatory to Trans* people.

251. NORTH CAROLINA HOUSE BILL 2
• U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch, May 9, 2016:
“Instead of turning away from our neighbors, our friends, our
colleagues, let us instead learn from our history and avoid
repeating the mistakes of our past. It was not so very long ago
that states, including North Carolina, had signs above restrooms,
water fountains, and on public accommodations keeping
people out based upon a distinction without a difference. We
have moved beyond those dark days, but not without pain and
suffering and an ongoing fight to keep moving forward. Let us
write a different story this time.”

252. TRANS PROTECTION POLICY
• President Barack Obama Administration
• Department of Justice, May 12, 2016
• Policy Directive: Every public school must permit trans
students to use bathrooms and locker rooms consistent with
their gender identity.

253. TRANS PROTECTION POLICY
• President Donald J. Trump Administration
• February, 2017
• Policy Directive: Revoked Obama policy, taking away order
for schools to allow trans students to use bathrooms and
locker rooms consistent with their gender identity.

254. TRUMP REINSTATES MILITARY BAN OF
TRANS SERVICE MEMBERS
• “After consideration with my Generals and military experts, please be advised that
the United States Government will not accept or allow…… ….Transgender
individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. military. Our military must be focused
on decisive and overwhelming….. ….victory and cannot be burdened with the
tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender in the military would
entail. Thank you.” Three-Tweet Series, July 25, 2017
• The courts prevented the ban from taking effect!

255. TRANS EMPLOYEES DENIED PROTECTIONS
• In a memo sent from his “Department of Justice” to US attorneys, department
heads, and federal agencies, Trump’s Attorney General, Jefferson Beauregard
Sessions, reversed an Obama-era policy that protected trans employees from
discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Session made clear that
his department would no longer interpret gender protections in Title VII to include
gender identity and expression.

256. WHITE HOUSE WEB SITE
• Trump’s White House website removed reference to LGBT issues and policies from
the previous Obama administration,

257. VICE PRESIDENT MIKE PENCE
• Mike Pence opposed marriage equality and LGBTQ non-discrimination protections,
and helped to pass the so-called “Religious Freedom Restoration” law when he
was Governor of Indiana allowing businesses to discriminate against LGBTQ people.
The state was forced to amend the law after experiencing serious political and
financial push back.

258. U.S. REPRESENTATIVE MIKE PENCE
• Pence in his first congressional campaign in 2000, argued for public funding of so-
called “conversion therapy” for LGBTQ people. On his website at the time, his
disdain for same-sex attractions and sexuality stands out:
“Congress should support the reauthorization of the Ryan White Care Act only after
completion of an audit to ensure that federal dollars were no longer being given to
organizations that celebrate and encourage the types of behaviors that facilitate
the spreading of the HIV virus. Resources should be directed toward those institutions
which provide assistance to those seeking to change their sexual behavior.”
•

259. TRUMP’S MISOGYNIST COMMENTS
• During the presidential campaign of 2016, Donald Trump was caught in 2005 on a
live microphone by Access Hollywood having a lewd conversation with Billy Bush.
Trump talked about a failed attempt to seduce Nancy O’Dell, Bush’s co-host.
“I moved on her, and I failed. I'll admit it. I did try and fuck her. She was married. And
I moved on her very heavily. In fact, I took her out furniture shopping. She wanted to
get some furniture. I said, ‘I'll show you where they have some nice furniture.’ I took
her out furniture — I moved on her like a bitch. But I couldn't get there. And she was
married. Then all of a sudden I see her, she's now got the big phony tits and
everything. She's totally changed her look.”
• Then talking about Adrianne Zucker, whom they were about to meet, Trump said:
“I better use some Tic Tacs just in case I start kissing her. You know I'm automatically
attracted to beautiful — I just start kissing them. It's like a magnet. Just kiss. I don't
even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab 'em
by the pussy. You can do anything.”

260. #METOO MOVEMENT
• The Me Too Movement gained strength and speed on social media in October
2017 to report and denounce sexual assault and harassment following sexual
misconduct allegations against Hollywood film producer and executive Harvey
Weinstein.
• The phrase was coined in this context by social activist Tarana Burke, and
popularized by actress Alyssa Milano to report and demonstrate against
misogynistic behaviors.

261. 2017

262. DANICA ROEM
• Democrat Danica Roem defeated
incumbent Robert G. Marshall (R) on
Nov. 7, 2017 and became Virginia’s
first open transgender elected
official and one of the nation’s first
open transgender elected officials.
• She won a seat in the Virginia House
of Delegates.
“This is about the people of the
13th District disregarding fear tactics,
disregarding phobias . . . where we
celebrate you because of who you
are, not despite it.”

263. SUPREME COURT: LGBTQ PEOPLE PROTECT FROM
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
• June 15, 2020
• U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 7-3
• Extended protections against employment discrimination to LGBTQ people
under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits workplace
discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion or national origin.
• The 6-3 decision was written by Justice Gorsuch on behalf of Chief Justice
Roberts and Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan.
• The decision results from three cases: Altitude Express Inc. v. Zarda (from the
Second Circuit Court of Appeals), Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia (from the
Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals), and R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (from the Sixth Circuit Court of
Appeals).

264. SUPREME COURT: PROTECT LGBTQ PEOPLE FROM
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
• “The answer is clear,” the court’s opinion, written by Associate Justice Neil
Gorsuch, said. “An employer who fires an individual for being homosexual or
transgender fires that person for traits or actions it would not have questioned in
members of a different sex. Sex plays a necessary and undisguisable role in the
decision, exactly what Title VII forbids.”

265. End of Part 3