The document discusses how technology is changing the legal field. It describes how artificial intelligence, online dispute resolution platforms, and automation are being used for legal research, document drafting, and matching clients with attorneys. This is disrupting traditional models of legal services delivery. Examples discussed include AI assistants like ROSS and Watson, online platforms for mediation or filing small claims, and automation of routine legal work or forms. The document argues this increases access to legal support and lowers costs.

1. Legal Robots?
By Derek Moore
CChttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Icon_robot.svg
Artificial
intelligence
Machine
Learning
Legal
process
outsourcing
Online
dispute
resolution

2. Changing practices in law as
a result of technology
The Laws of Information Technology & The Information Technologies of Law

3. The Laws of Information Technology

4. The Laws of Information Technology
• Legal, ethical and policy issues presented by the use of
technology in business, government and society.
• Discrimination: You may not discriminate according to race,
gender, BUT can you use Social Media profiles to filter out
applicants?
• Personal Injury: Car accidents are caused by negligence BUT who is
responsible in the event of a self-driving car crash?
• Privacy: Everyone has a right to privacy of communication BUT can
data driven corporations collecting personal data without the
user's knowledge or consent?

5. The Information Technologies of Law

6. LEGAL INFORMATICS
Legal Informatics is the theory and practice of managing information. It covers the study of
legal information /communication systems and the application of ICT to legal information It
covers both legal theory and information theory.

7. “Disruptive” Innovation are innovations that provide greater access to a service that was
previously only accessible to consumers with a lot of money. It is a theory by Clay
Christensen, a professor at Harvard Business School. Legal process outsourcing (LPO), for
example, seek to make services more accessible to a wider audience. LPO may be inferior by
most measures, but they do the job, and their price is right for the neglected consumers.
“DISRUPTIVE” INNOVATION

8. Legal Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a potential use wherever there are people who must deal
with legal documents or address legal queries, especially where those legal needs are
expressed through text, which AI experts refer to as ‘unstructured data’
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

9. The Information Technologies of Law
• … current changes on the legal market demand a more
strategic approach to knowledge management and efficient
working processes and how technology is becoming more
and more important as a way to develop new innovative
ways to deliver legal services.
https://www.goodfreephotos.com/albums/business-and-technology/keyboard-and-gavel.jpg
LEGAL INFORMATICS
“DISRUPTIVE” INNOVATION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

10. Lawdingo is a marketing service that for attorneys and clients to connect. Clients search
Lawdingo’s database for attorneys by region and practice area, or describe their legal issue to
get suggestions. They can figure out what kind of attorney they need, view attorney profiles,
get a call with their prospective attorney and schedule an appointment online, or video chat.
LAWYER MATCHINGATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICES
https://www.lawdingo.com/
The Information Technologies of Law

11. The Information Technologies of Law
LawKick is an online marketplace that connects clients with legal service providers at
affordable prices. Individuals and business select a legal service, fill out a brief questionnaire,
and receive personalized price quotes from lawyers in their area within hours.
LAWYER MATCHINGATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICES
https://lawkick.com/

12. Priori Legal connects business with vetted lawyers at transparent price. Their value
proposition is that they screen every lawyer and only accept those with outstanding
credentials and are respected by their peers and clients. Priori Legal lawyers are required to
maintain a 95 percent client-approval rating. The platform also offers a centralized online
system and bills are paid by the business just as any other vendor.
The Information Technologies of Law
LAWYER MATCHINGATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICES
https://www.priorilegal.com/

13. CrowdJustices is a legal crowdfunder. It selects public interest cases, publicises them on its onl
platform and invites the public to fund them. It’s for people who might not otherwise get their
heard can raise cash to pay for legal representation and court costs and is funded by donors ra
than investors.
The Information Technologies of Law
ATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICES
https://www.crowdjustice.com/

14. The Information Technologies of Law
Axiom does not hold itself out as a law firm. Neither are they a LPO. Their services are
sophisticated and long term. Neither are they a high end temp agency, as their employees
handle sophisticated matters typical of senior in-house attorneys. Axiom see themselves
as a corporation that helps in-house teams deliver more efficient and effective legal
support and improve legal processes.
LAWYER SERVICESATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICES
http://www.axiomlaw.com/

15. iCourthouse (now defunct) saw itself as the web's destination for justice. iCourthouse
consisted of a virtual judge and jury that provided jury trials via the web. This was an
example of early Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), where anybody can file a case parties
could choose whether judgements are binding or advisory.
The Information Technologies of Law
ODR LAWONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
defunct

16. Separate.us is a LPO that offers a DIY divorce solution (in beta) to guide those with a soured
marriage. It streamlines the contractual break-up process and makes it this much cheaper
than the traditional route. Separate.us uses divorce guides to demystify legal paperwork so
that couples can fill in the themselves without hiring an expensive lawyer.
ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
The Information Technologies of Law
https://separate.us/

17. DIY LEGAL FORMS
The Information Technologies of Law
https://mewe.org/
Mewe automates the entire inspection workflow process. Their app, CoInspect, is a
checklist-based inspection application that replaces paper-and-pen clipboards and
allows users to access and customize hundreds of checklists made by industry experts.
From data capture, analysis, and reporting, MeWe helps restaurant chains, hospitality
groups, manufacturers, and government agencies to manage quality and compliance.

18. http://modria.com/
Modira is an ODR service that enables companies and organizations to design automated
and crowd-sourced resolution systems that are customised to their user base. Modira’s
“fairness-engine” brings all parties involved in an online dispute together and lets them
settle disputes swiftly and transparently and arrive at an equitable solution. Modira is a spin
off from eBay/PayPal
ODR LAWONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
The Information Technologies of Law
http://modria.com/

19. The Information Technologies of Law
Rechtwijzer 2.0 is an online-based dispute resolution platform that provides dispute
resolution for divorce and separation, landlord-tenant disputes and employment disputes.
Rechtwijzer 2.0 allows people to manage the process and desired outcome in their own
home, using their own words and at their own pace. The platform helps people learn about
their legal options and then engage in a dialogue with each other.
ODR LAWONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
http://rechtwijzer.nl/

20. LegalZoom is for individuals and small businesses that need help with documents that they
need to produce and file. Whether it be a will, to appoint someone with power of attorney, dra
up a contract, or other legal document, LegalZoom assists subscribers to draw up important leg
documents.
DIY LAW
The Information Technologies of Law
DIY LEGAL FORMS
https://www.legalzoom.com/

21. The Information Technologies of Law
Shake app is a LPO provider stocked with a library of simple, plain-English legal agreements
that can be executed via a mobile device. It includes a number of stock contract templates
pertaining to Freelancing, non-disclosure agreements, buying and selling etc. After selecting
a template, a user then customizes it by answering a series of questions. Individuals use the
Shake app to create, sign and send legally binding agreements through their iOS devices.
DIY LAWDIY LEGAL FORMS
http://www.shakelaw.com/

22. KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
Clio offers law firm practice management software. It does time tracking, billing, matter
management, and more. It sets out to streamline everything a lawyer does to run their
practice, from intake to invoice. What’s different is that it is a cloud-based and stores all data
off site (instead of locally).
https://www.clio.com/
The Information Technologies of Law

23. Watson, is an AI platform, designed to help business people -- from sales reps on the road to
company CEOs -- see patterns, pursue ideas and improve all types of decisions. Watson
answers questions and uses natural language processing (NLP) to understand the intent
behind a request and returns a corresponding answer.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
https://www.ibm.com/watson/
The Information Technologies of Law

24. ROSS is an artificial intelligence platform that supports legal research activities. Built on
Legal Cortex (ROSS Intelligence’s legal AI framework) and combined with technologies such
as IBM Watson's cognitive computing technology, ROSS uses Natural Language processing
and machine learning capabilities to identify legal authorities relevant to particular
questions.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
http://www.rossintelligence.com/
The Information Technologies of Law

25. The Information Technologies of Law
http://clearaccessip.com
ClearAccessIP’s focus is the patent system. They have automated patent prosecution and
management and created an environment in which patent prosecutors and managers can
assist their clients in securing monetization for their patents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
http://clearaccessip.com/

26. The Information Technologies of Law
Algorithmic Law
COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for
Alternative Sanctions) is a US algorithmic system that assigns
risk scores to criminals.
COMPAS offers case management and decision support software for courts, attorneys,
supervision, and inmate classification. COMPAS creates risk assessment scores that are
intended to predict the general likelihood that those with a similar history of offending are
either less likely or more likely to commit another crime following release from custody.
Imagefromhttp://www.equivant.com/
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
www.equivant.com/

27. Lex Machina offers legal analytics. The platform that mines legal data & offers insights. It
• analyzes judges and courts and lets lawyers know how likely a judge is to grant a motion,
• sizes up other lawyers, exploring their experience and rate of success before certain judges
• evaluates opposing parties, identify how often they take certain claims to court, how often
they go to trial, damages they have been awarded in past.
LEGAL AI - ML
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
https://lexmachina.com/
The Information Technologies of Law

28. The Information Technologies of Law
Casetext has a legal assistant called CARA (Case Analysis Research Assistant), an analytical
tool that automatically finds cases that are relevant to a legal document but not cited in the
document. Upload a brief, memorandum or any other document that contains legal text, and
CARA analyzes it and generates a list of relevant cases that are not mentioned in the
document.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
https://casetext.com/

29. Ravel is a legal search, analytics and visualisation platform. Ravel enables lawyers to find,
contextualize, and interpret information that turns legal data into legal insights. E.G. Judge
Analytics offers information and analysis about how individual federal court judges make
decisions.” It offers the ability to dive even deeper into a judge’s history, and can identify rules,
cases and specific language that a judge commonly cites.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
The Information Technologies of Law
http://ravellaw.com/

30. Kira is contract analysis platform makes machine learning artificial intelligence accessible to
users. Their software is used for uncovering relevant information from contracts and related
documents. They do this through a user interface that features real-time collaboration and
flexible project management.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
The Information Technologies of Law
https://kirasystems.com/

31. The Information Technologies of Law

32. The Information Technologies of Law
https://www.goodfreephotos.com/albums/business-and-technology/keyboard-
LEGAL INFORMATICS
PREDICTIVE SYSTEMSKNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
“DISRUPTIVE” INNOVATION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
ATTORNEY-CLIENT SERVICESDIY LEGAL FORMS ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

33. LEGAL INFORMATICS
https://techindex.law.stanford.edu/
The Information Technologies of Law

34. Legal Robots?
By Derek Moore

35. Credits
• https://www.lawdingo.com/
• https://lawkick.com/
• https://www.priorilegal.com/
• https://www.crowdjustice.com/
• http://www.axiomlaw.com/
• https://separate.us/
• https://mewe.org/
• http://modria.com/
• http://rechtwijzer.nl/
• https://www.legalzoom.com/
• http://www.shakelaw.com/
• https://www.clio.com/
• https://www.ibm.com/watson/
• http://www.rossintelligence.com/
• http://clearaccessip.com/
• http://www.equivant.com/
• https://lexmachina.com/
• https://casetext.com/
• http://ravellaw.com/
• https://kirasystems.com/
• https://techindex.law.stanford.edu/