1. Quick English Tenses
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TENSES STRUCTURES EXAMPLES
01 SIMPLE PRESENT • S + (V1±s/es) + O • He goes to school by car
Biasa terjadi / fakta / kenyataan saat ini • They play tennis every day
• S + do/does + not + V1 + O • I do not like this car
I/you/we/they = V1, do • She does not drink coffee
He/she/it = (V1+s/es), does • Do/Does + S + V1 + O ? • Do I know you?
• Does she like me?
• W5H + do/does + S + V1 ? • What do they eat?
• How does he drive?
02 PRESENT CONTINUOUS • S + am/is/are + (V1+ing) + O • They are watching TV now
Sedang terjadi saat ini • I am playing the piano now
• S + am/is/are + not + (V1+ing) + O • She is not making a cake
I = am • I am not working now
You/we/they = are • Am/Is/Are + S + (V1+ing) + O ? • Are you writing a poem?
He/she/it = is • Is she talking to John?
• W5H + am/is/are + S + (V1+ing) ? • What is he looking for?
• Where is she waiting?
03 PRESENT PERFECT • S + have/has + V3 + O • I have seen that girl
Telah terjadi saat ini, • He has finished the homework
tanpa keterangan waktu • S + have/has + not + V3 + O • They have not entered the room
• He has not bought a car
I/you/we/they = have • Have/Has + S + V3 + O ? • Have they done the work?
He/she/it = has • Has he drunk the juice?
• W5H + have/has + S + V3 ? • What have you seen?
• How far has he walked?
04 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS • S + have/has + been + (V1+ing) + O • You have been sleeping here since yesterday
Telah terjadi, dan masih sedang • She has been sailing for three days
berlangsung saat ini • S + have/has + not + been + (V1+ing) + O • He has not been playing soccer since last month
• They have not been studying since last night
I/you/we/they = have • Have/Has + S + been + (V1+ing) + O ? • Have you been reading since morning?
He/she/it = has • Has it been raining all day?
• W5H + Have/Has + S + been + (V1+ing) + O ? • How long have you been writing?
• What has he been watching?
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2. 05 SIMPLE PAST • S + V2 + O • I saw Clara last night
Telah terjadi, disertai keterangan waktu, • They got married in 1995
atau baru saja terjadi • S + did + not + V1 + O • I did not see her last night
• They did not come this morning
I = was • S + was/were + . . . • I was sick last week
you/we/they = were • We were at home yesterday
He/she/it = was • S + was/were + not + . . . • She was not late last Monday
• They were not here this morning
• Did + S + V1 + O ? • Did you see him yesterday?
• Did she go to the party last night?
• W5H + Did + S + V1 + O ? • Where did you go last month?
• Who did you meet?
• W5H + V2 + O ? • What happened to them?
• Who gave you the car?
• Was/Were + S + . . . ? • Was I sleep yesterday?
• Were they here this morning?
• W5H was/were + S + . . . ?
• Who was in the class this morning?
• Why were they so happy last night?
06 PAST CONTINUOUS • S + was/were + (V1+ing) + O • Intan was cooking an hour ago
Sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau • They were watching TV at seven o’clock last night
• S + was/were + not + (V1+ing) + O • He was not reading at nine o’clock this morning
I = was • They were not sleeping an hour ago
you/we/they = were • Was/Were + S + (V1+ing) + O ? • Was I falling asleep at the meeting?
He/she/it = was • Were they go to the party last Saturday?
• W5H + Was/Were + S + (V1+ing) + O ? • Who was crying this morning?
• What were they talking about after dinner?
07 PAST PERFECT • S + had + V3 + O • The rain had stopped when I left
Telah (selesai) terjadi pada waktu lampau • He thought you had gone to the beach
• S + had + not + V3 + O • The sun had not risen before I woke up
• We had not worked at the moment
• Had + S + V3 + O ? • Had the rain stopped when you left?
• Had they visited Paris by the end of the month?
• W5H + had + S + V3 + O ? • Who had meet Mr. William?
• What had she written?
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3. 08 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS • S + had been + (V1+ing) + O • He had been studying art for a long time
Sudah terjadi dan masih berlangsung • Diana said that she had been sewing
pada waktu lampau • S + had not been + (V1+ing) + O • He had not been studying art for a long time
• Diana said that she had not been sewing
• Had + S + been + (V1+ing) + O ? • Had he been studying when you came?
• Had she been cooking when John called her?
• W5H + had + S + been + (V1+ing) + O ? • How long had you been waiting this morning?
• What had you been doing when Lisa met you?
09 SIMPLE FUTURE • S + shall/will + V1 + O • I will go to Holland next month
Akan terjadi pada waktu yang • I shall be at home on Sunday
akan datang • S + shall/will + not + V1 + O • They will not come next week
• We shall not be there tonight
I/we = shall/will • Shall/Will + S + V1 + O ? • Will you come to the party?
He/she/it/you/they = will • Shall we visit them tomorrow?
• W5H + Shall/Will + S + V1 + O ? • When will they come back?
• Where shall we go tonight?
10 FUTURE CONTINUOUS • S + shall/will + be + (V1+ing) + O • Helen will be sleeping when we arrive home tonight
Akan sedang terjadi pada waktu yang • I will be teaching at eight o’clock tomorrow
akan datang • S + shall/will + not + be + (V1+ing) + O • They will not be in Boston next week
• She will not be swimming at this time tomorrow
I/we = shall/will • Shall/Will + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ? • Will you be using your car this evening?
He/she/it/you/they = will • Will she be sleeping at nine o’clock tonight?
• W5H + shall/will + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ? • When will your father be retiring?
• Where will you be living next year?
11 FUTURE PAST • S + should/would + V1 + O • I should be in Paris the next day
Akan terjadi pada waktu lampau • Karin promised me that she would help me
• S + should/would + not + V1 + O • I should not be in Paris the next day
I/we = should • I said to them that they would not learn Physics
He/she/it/you/they = would • Should/Would + S + V1 + O ? • Would you have a test the following week?
• Should you go to Germany the next day?
• W5H + should/would + S + V1 + O ? • What would you do the day before?
• Where should they go the following month?
12 FUTURE PAST CONTINUOUS • S + should/would + be + (V1+ing) + O • I should be studying before going to school
Akan sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau • She would be going to the market when we came
• S + should/would + not + be + (V1+ing) + O • I should not be washing when they visited me
I/we = should • She would not be cleaning the kitchen after lunch
He/she/it/you/they = would • Should/Would + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ? • Should they be playing soccer when we came?
• Would you be living in Europe the following month?
• W5H + should/would + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ? • What should you be doing when they visited you?
• Who would be watching TV at that time?
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4. 13 FUTURE PERFECT • S + shall/will + have + V3 + O • By the end of this year, I will have completed my work
Akan telah (selesai) terjadi pada waktu • We shall have reached the village in half an hour
yang akan datang • S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O • George will not have finished his dinner by that time
• In an hour, he will not have finished all the tasks
I/we = shall/will • Shall/Will + S + have + V3 + O ? • Will the train have arrived by that time?
He/she/it/you/they = will • Will you have come by this time tomorrow?
• W5H + shall/will + S + have + V3 + O ? • Which train will have arrived in an hour?
• What will he have finished before night?
14 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS • S + shall/will + have been + (V1+ing) + O • By the end of this year, I will have been studying for two years
Akan sudah dan masih terjadi di waktu • By 2008, this home will have been standing thirty years
yang akan datang • S + shall/will + not + have been + (V1+ing) + O • By the end of this year, I will not have been studying for two years
• By 2008, this home will not have been standing thirty years
I/we = shall/will • Shall/Will + S + have been + (V1+ing) + O? • Will he have been waiting half an hour?
He/she/it/you/they = will • Will John have been driving six hours by seven o’clock?
• W5H+shall/will+S + have been + (V1+ing) + O? • How long will this factory have been going?
• How many books shall we have been reading by tomorrow night?
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT • S + should/would + have + V3 + O • I should have slept if you come late
Akan telah (selesai) terjadi pada • He would have finished his work if he had got help
waktu lampau • S + should/would + not + have + V3 + O • I should not have slept if you come earlier
• He would have not finished his work if he had not got help
I/we = should • Should/Would + S + have + V3 + O? • Would they have reached the island if the boat had not got a trouble?
He/she/it/you/they = would • Would Susan have been married is she had not got an accident?
• W5H + should/would + S + have + V3 + O? • When would they have finished the work?
• Why would he have ignored the chance?
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS • S + should/would + have been + (V1+ing)+O • At this time yesterday, He would have been studying for two hours
Akan telah dan sedang terjadi pada • By March 1990, we should have been living here for six years
waktu lampau • S + should/would +not + have been + (V1+ing)+O • At this time yesterday, He would not have been studying for two hours
• By March 1990, we should not have been living here for six years
I/we = should • Should/Would + S + have been + (V1+ing) + O? • Would James have been studying for two hours at this time yesterday?
He/she/it/you/they = would • Should we have been playing cards for three hours by that time?
• W5H+should/would+S+have been+(V1+ing) + O? • How long would John have been observing birds in 1995?
• How long should they have been living here in 1990?
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