2. PURPOSES
There three purposes of this paper.
The first, it was aimed to know the
definition of subjective test. The
second, it was aimed to know
strengths and limitations of Subjective
test. The last, it was aimed to find out
the way to score Subjective test in the
school.
3. THEORY
Assessment
Assessment is the process of
obtaining or collecting data that is
used for making decision about
students.
It can include the test or non-test
4. SUBJECTIVE TEST
Arikunto (2007) states that Subjective test is
generally a test which needs answers in form
of essay, explanation or description.
Usually in doing this test, students will be
given about 90-120 minutes for 5-10
questions
When a teacher uses subjective test
questions, that means students need to use
their mind and feelings to make logical
claims.
5. Classification of Essay
Test
According to Osuji.,et.al (2006)
mention that Essay tests are divided in
to two variations. These are
Extended – response type and
Restricted response type .
The classification is based on the
degree of freedom of response
associated with the question.
6. Extended Response
Essays
– Allows student to:
Select
any information they think is
important
Organize the answer in accordance
with their best judgment
Integrate and evaluate ideas as they
deem appropriate
7. Example :
Imagine that you and a friend found a
magic wand. Write a story about an
adventure that you and your friend had
with the magic wand.
(taken from
http://ed400fall09.wikispaces.com/Essay
+-+Extended+Response)
8. Restricted Response
The nature of Restricted response
type are:
–
–
–
–
Limits both content and response.
Content is limited by scope of topic.
Response is limited in the directions.
Most appropriate for learning objectives
that require the interpretation or
application of data in a specific area.
9. Example :
Why is the barometer one of the most
useful instruments for forecasting
weather? Answer in a brief paragraph
(taken from
http://ed400fall09.wikispaces.com/Ess
ay+-+Restricted+Response)
10. The Strengths
It is easy to be prepared and organized
It does not give any opportunities to speculate
or cheat
It encourages students to dare in expressing
opinions and arranging good sentences.
It provides opportunities for students to
express their opinion by using their own style.
It can identify the students’ understanding
about the problem that being tested.
11. The limitations
It’s validity and reliability are low due to it’s difficult to be
known in which aspects the students have understood the
material.
Limited material can be tested. This means less
representative in terms of representing the entire material.
The ways to score and evaluate are often influenced by
subjective aspect.
It requires more individualized consideration of the teacher
(assessor).
It takes much times to evaluate it and the assessor can not
be replaced by other.
12. REDUCING SUBJECTIVE
ASPECTS
Avoid open-ended questions.
Let the students’ answer the same questions. Avoid
options/choices.
Use students’ numbers instead of their names, to conceal their
identity.
Score all the answers to each question for all students at a time.
Do not allow score on one question to influence you while
marking the next. Always rearrange the papers before you mark.
Do not allow your feelings or emotions to influence your marking
Avoid distractions when marking
13. Instructions
Compare or match
Contrast or distinguish
Discuss or describe
Enumerate, name, list, outline
Meaning
Identify similarities
Identify differences
Provide details or features
Identify major points
Sequence, arrange, trace, or
List information in order
rank
Demonstrate, or show
Relate or associate
Summarize, paraphrase, or
Provide examples
Show associations
Provide a short synopsis
compile
Explain, defend, or document
Give reasons for support
Criticize or analyze
Review or evaluate features or
components
14. Scoring
Arikuto (2007) notes that there are two types of
scoring standard in subjective test, those are
giving scores based on Norm referenced test
and Criterion referenced test.
Budhyani,et.al (2010) and Osuji.,et.al (2006)
mention that there are two methods of scoring
for subjective test (essay), those are analytic
and holistic method.
15. Norm referenced test
a student’s achievement is compared
with the other student in his/her group.
The quality of a student’s achievement
is influenced by the quality of the
group.
16. Criterion referenced test
In using criterion referenced, a student
is compared with particular standard
score. This means that each individual
is compared with a preset standard for
acceptable achievement. A student's
score is usually expressed as a
percentage.
17. The Point or Analytic Method
In this method each answer is
compared with already prepared
ideal marking scheme (scoring
key) and marks are assigned
according to the adequacy of the
answer
18. The Global/Holistic of Rating
Method
According to Osuji.,et.al (2006)
sate that students first sort the
response into categories of
varying quality based on their
general or global impression on
reading the response.
19.
Analytic rubric:
– Focus attention on one characteristic at a
time, i.e. purpose, organization, details,
voice, grammar.
Holistic rubric:
– Yields a single overall score taking into
account the entire response.
20. Procedures f or Scoring Essay
Questions
Prepare the ideal answer or outline of expected
answer immediately after constructing the test .
Use the scoring method that is most appropriate
for the test item. That is, use either the analytic
or global method
Decide how to handle factors that are irrelevant
to the learning outcomes being measured.
These factors may include of handwriting,
spelling, sentence structure, punctuation.
21.
Evaluate the answers without consider
whose work you are scoring. This
helps in controlling bias in scoring the
essay questions.
Make comments during the scoring of
each essay item. These comments act
as feedback to students
22. Finding : example
questions
1. Explain the meaning and function of
the following punctuation!
–
–
–
–
–
(.)
(,)
(!)
(?)
(:)
23. 2. Please find a story and make a short
paragraph by using your own
language individually!
3. Make a dialogue about
agreement/disagreement based on the
following situation.
“You’re involved in discussion with a
friend. Your friend explains his/her
opinion, and you have your own. You
disagree with your friend’s opinion”
24. Example of rubric
Scoring Rubrics:
1. The content is good and grammar is correct
2. The content is good and some occasional errors
3. Limited content and grammar is correct
4. Limited content and frequent errors
5. Content and grammar are errors
score 5
score 4
score 3
score 2
score 1
25. Discussion
In scoring the tests, consideration of a teacher is need.
When the test is restricted response questions, it will be
better if teacher uses analytic method in scoring the
students’ work. When the test is extended response
questions, teacher is suggested to use holistic method in
scoring students’ work.
The way to score also tend to be used a rubric. The
rubric itself is standard performance of assignment by
listing the criteria, or what counts, and describing levels
of quality from excellent to poor. Rubric is almost similar
with method of scoring by analytic or holistic method.
