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The Xen Cloud Platform

                              Mike McClurg
             Xen Cloud Platform Project Lead
                    mike.mcclurg@citrix.com
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud
Late 90s

XenoServer Project
(Cambridge Univ.)
                                               Global Public Computing
The XenoServer project is building             “This dissertation proposes a new distributed computing
     public infrastructure for wide-area        paradigm, termed global public computing, which allows
     distributed computing.                     any user to run any code anywhere. Such platforms price
We envisage a world in which XenoServer         computing resources, and ultimately charge users for
execution platforms will be scattered across    resources consumed.“
the globe and available for any member of      Evangelos Kotsovinos, PhD dissertation, 2004
the public to submit code for execution.
A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud
Late 90s             Oct ‘03 ‘04        ‘06          ‘08          ‘09          ‘11 ‘12

XenoServer Project            XenSource Amazon EC2                          XCP 1.1
(Cambridge Univ.)             founded   and Slicehost                      Released
                                        launched
                       Xen Presented                  Rackspace                 XCP packages
                       at SOSP                        Cloud                     in Linux
                                                                  Xen Cloud Platform
                                                                  Announced
The Xen Hypervisor was designed for
the Cloud straight from the outset!
Basic Xen Concepts
                                                              Control Domain – aka Dom0
                   Console                                    •   Talks to hypervisor, manages guests
                                                              •   Xen Management Toolstack
                                                 VMn          •   Small Trusted Computing Base
Control domain                               VM1
(dom0)                                                        Guest Domains
                         One or more       VM0
       Toolstack         driver, stub or                      •   Your virtual machines
      Dom0 Kernel
                         service domains    Guest OS
                                            and Apps
                                                              •   E.g. your cloud management stack
                                                              Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s)
Scheduler, MMU                               Xen Hypervisor
                                                              •   A “driver, device model or control
                                                   Host HW        service in a box”
I/O                 Memory          CPUs
                                                              •   De-privileged and isolated
                                                              •   Lifetime: start, stop, kill
                                                                   7
Xen Variants for Server & Cloud
                                      Xen Hypervisor                          XCP

Toolstack / Console    Default / XL (XM)         Libvirt / VIRSH            XAPI / XE



Get Binaries from …   Linux Distros           Linux Distros            Debian & Ubuntu

                                                                       XCP from Xen.org

Products                   Oracle VM              Huawei UVP             Citrix XenServer

                                                Many
Used by …
                                                Others

                                                                   8
XCP: The Xen Cloud Platform
The Xen Cloud Platform is...
                     Open source distribution of
                      Citrix’s XenServer
                     Complete vertical stack for
                      server virtualization
                     Distributed as a “black-box” style
                      appliance based on CentOS 5.X
                     Datacenter and cloud-ready
                      management API
XAPI: What is it?
• XAPI is the backbone of XCP
   – The XenAPI server
   – Provides the glue between all components
   – Is the backend for all management applications

• It's a XML-RPC style API
   – Provided by a service on every XCP dom0 host
   – Designed to by highly programmable
   – API bindings for many languages: C#/.NET, Java, C, Powershell, Python

• XAPI is extensible via plugins
   – E.g. used by CloudStack and OpenStack
XCP Feature Overview
• VM lifecycle: live snapshots, checkpoint, migration
• Resource pools: flexible storage and networking
• Event tracking: progress, notification
• Upgrade and patching capabilities
• Real-time performance monitoring and alerting
• Built-in support and templates for Windows and Linux guests
• Paravirtualized drivers optimized for Windows VMs
• OpenFlow support with Open vSwitch built-in
XAPI Management Options
• XAPI frontend command line tool: xe (tab-completable, scriptable)
• Desktop GUIs
   o   Citrix XenCenter (Windows-only)
   o   OpenXenManager (open source cross-platform XenCenter clone)
• Web interfaces
   o   Xen VNC Proxy (XVP)
   o   XenWebManager (web-based clone of OpenXenManager)
• XCP Ecosystem:
   o   xen.org/community/vendors/XCPProjectsPage.html
   o   xen.org/community/vendors/XCPProductsPage.html
XCP and Cloud Orchestration Stacks
XCP New Developments
XCP-XAPI Packages in Linux
• Make the XAPI toolstack independent of CentOS 5.5
• Extend the delivery model
  – Deliver Xen, XAPI and everything in between (storage manager, network
    support, OCaml libs, etc.) via your favorite Linux distro
        “apt-get install xcp-xapi” or “yum install xcp-xapi”

• Debian 7.0 “Wheezy"
• Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
• Next: Fedora & CentOS
XCP 1.5 (beta) features
• Internal Improvements: Xen 4.1, GPT, smaller Dom0
• GPU pass through: for VMs serving high end graphics
• Performance and Scalability:
   – 1 TB mem/host
   – 16 VCPUs/VM, 128 GB/VM

• Networking: Open vSwitch backend, Active-Backup NIC Bonding
• More guest OS templates: Ubuntu 10.04, Debian Squeeze, Oracle Enterprise
  Linux 6.0, SLES 10 SP4
XCP 1.6 – to ship in Sep/Oct 12
• Internal Improvements: Xen 4.1.2, CentOS 5.7 with kernel 2.6.32.43,
  Open vSwitch 1.4.1
• New format Windows drivers: installable by Windows Update Service
• Networking: Better VLAN scalability, LACP bonding, IPv6
• More guest OS templates: Ubuntu Precise 12.04, RHEL/CentOS,
  Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.1 & 6.2, Windows 8
• Storage XenMotion:
   – Migrate VMs between hosts or pools without shared storage
   – Move a VM’s disks between storage repositories while the VM is running
Storage XenMotion in pictures
Live Storage XenMotion

                   Live
                  Virtual
                  Machine




                 XCP Host



        VDI(s)




Moving VMs between storage tiers or upgrading storage
Live Storage XenMotion

                Live
               Virtual
               Machine



      XenServer Hypervisor        XenServer Hypervisor
       XenServer Hypervisor        XenServer Hypervisor
               XCP Host                    XCP Host
                VDI(s)




                Local                        Local
               Storage                      Storage
              XCP Pool 1                 XCP Pool 2



Moving or rebalancing VMs between Pools (Local  Local)
Live Storage XenMotion

               Live
              Virtual
              Machine



     XenServer Hypervisor       XenServer Hypervisor
      XenServer Hypervisor       XenServer Hypervisor
              XCP Host                   XCP Host
               VDI(s)




               Local
              Storage              FC, iSCSI, NFS SAN

             XCP Pool 1                XCP Pool 2



Moving or rebalancing VMs between Pools (Local  SAN)
The New Architecture
Domain 0 Disaggregation
• Split Control Domain into Driver, Stub and Service Domains
   – Each domain – a separate VM – contains a specific management server
   – See: “Breaking up is hard to do” @ Xen Papers on wiki.xen.org
• Unique benefit of the Xen architecture
   – Security: Minimum privilege; Narrow interfaces
   – Robustness: ability to safely restart parts of the system (such as Xapi itself)
   – Scalability: more distributed system (less reliable on Dom0)
• Currently used by Qubes OS and Citrix XenClient XT (secure client virt)
• We’ll be laying the framework for disaggregation in XCP 1.6
• IRC: #xen-api on Freenode
                               • Mailing List: xen-api@lists.xen.org
                               • Wiki: http://wiki.xen.org
                                   – Beginners & User Categories
                                   – XCP Category
                               • Excellent XCP Tutorials
                                   – A day worth of material @
                                     http://xen.org/community/xenday11




Questions…
   Slides available under CC-BY-SA 3.0
   Modified from www.slideshare.net/xen_com_mgr

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BACD July 2012 : The Xen Cloud Platform

  • 1. The Xen Cloud Platform Mike McClurg Xen Cloud Platform Project Lead mike.mcclurg@citrix.com
  • 2. A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s XenoServer Project (Cambridge Univ.) Global Public Computing The XenoServer project is building “This dissertation proposes a new distributed computing public infrastructure for wide-area paradigm, termed global public computing, which allows distributed computing. any user to run any code anywhere. Such platforms price We envisage a world in which XenoServer computing resources, and ultimately charge users for execution platforms will be scattered across resources consumed.“ the globe and available for any member of Evangelos Kotsovinos, PhD dissertation, 2004 the public to submit code for execution.
  • 3. A Brief History of Xen in the Cloud Late 90s Oct ‘03 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 ‘09 ‘11 ‘12 XenoServer Project XenSource Amazon EC2 XCP 1.1 (Cambridge Univ.) founded and Slicehost Released launched Xen Presented Rackspace XCP packages at SOSP Cloud in Linux Xen Cloud Platform Announced
  • 4. The Xen Hypervisor was designed for the Cloud straight from the outset!
  • 5. Basic Xen Concepts Control Domain – aka Dom0 Console • Talks to hypervisor, manages guests • Xen Management Toolstack VMn • Small Trusted Computing Base Control domain VM1 (dom0) Guest Domains One or more VM0 Toolstack driver, stub or • Your virtual machines Dom0 Kernel service domains Guest OS and Apps • E.g. your cloud management stack Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) Scheduler, MMU Xen Hypervisor • A “driver, device model or control Host HW service in a box” I/O Memory CPUs • De-privileged and isolated • Lifetime: start, stop, kill 7
  • 6. Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Xen Hypervisor XCP Toolstack / Console Default / XL (XM) Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Get Binaries from … Linux Distros Linux Distros Debian & Ubuntu XCP from Xen.org Products Oracle VM Huawei UVP Citrix XenServer Many Used by … Others 8
  • 7. XCP: The Xen Cloud Platform
  • 8. The Xen Cloud Platform is...  Open source distribution of Citrix’s XenServer  Complete vertical stack for server virtualization  Distributed as a “black-box” style appliance based on CentOS 5.X  Datacenter and cloud-ready management API
  • 9. XAPI: What is it? • XAPI is the backbone of XCP – The XenAPI server – Provides the glue between all components – Is the backend for all management applications • It's a XML-RPC style API – Provided by a service on every XCP dom0 host – Designed to by highly programmable – API bindings for many languages: C#/.NET, Java, C, Powershell, Python • XAPI is extensible via plugins – E.g. used by CloudStack and OpenStack
  • 10. XCP Feature Overview • VM lifecycle: live snapshots, checkpoint, migration • Resource pools: flexible storage and networking • Event tracking: progress, notification • Upgrade and patching capabilities • Real-time performance monitoring and alerting • Built-in support and templates for Windows and Linux guests • Paravirtualized drivers optimized for Windows VMs • OpenFlow support with Open vSwitch built-in
  • 11. XAPI Management Options • XAPI frontend command line tool: xe (tab-completable, scriptable) • Desktop GUIs o Citrix XenCenter (Windows-only) o OpenXenManager (open source cross-platform XenCenter clone) • Web interfaces o Xen VNC Proxy (XVP) o XenWebManager (web-based clone of OpenXenManager) • XCP Ecosystem: o xen.org/community/vendors/XCPProjectsPage.html o xen.org/community/vendors/XCPProductsPage.html
  • 12. XCP and Cloud Orchestration Stacks
  • 14. XCP-XAPI Packages in Linux • Make the XAPI toolstack independent of CentOS 5.5 • Extend the delivery model – Deliver Xen, XAPI and everything in between (storage manager, network support, OCaml libs, etc.) via your favorite Linux distro “apt-get install xcp-xapi” or “yum install xcp-xapi” • Debian 7.0 “Wheezy" • Ubuntu 12.04 LTS • Next: Fedora & CentOS
  • 15. XCP 1.5 (beta) features • Internal Improvements: Xen 4.1, GPT, smaller Dom0 • GPU pass through: for VMs serving high end graphics • Performance and Scalability: – 1 TB mem/host – 16 VCPUs/VM, 128 GB/VM • Networking: Open vSwitch backend, Active-Backup NIC Bonding • More guest OS templates: Ubuntu 10.04, Debian Squeeze, Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.0, SLES 10 SP4
  • 16. XCP 1.6 – to ship in Sep/Oct 12 • Internal Improvements: Xen 4.1.2, CentOS 5.7 with kernel 2.6.32.43, Open vSwitch 1.4.1 • New format Windows drivers: installable by Windows Update Service • Networking: Better VLAN scalability, LACP bonding, IPv6 • More guest OS templates: Ubuntu Precise 12.04, RHEL/CentOS, Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.1 & 6.2, Windows 8 • Storage XenMotion: – Migrate VMs between hosts or pools without shared storage – Move a VM’s disks between storage repositories while the VM is running
  • 18. Live Storage XenMotion Live Virtual Machine XCP Host VDI(s) Moving VMs between storage tiers or upgrading storage
  • 19. Live Storage XenMotion Live Virtual Machine XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XCP Host XCP Host VDI(s) Local Local Storage Storage XCP Pool 1 XCP Pool 2 Moving or rebalancing VMs between Pools (Local  Local)
  • 20. Live Storage XenMotion Live Virtual Machine XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XenServer Hypervisor XCP Host XCP Host VDI(s) Local Storage FC, iSCSI, NFS SAN XCP Pool 1 XCP Pool 2 Moving or rebalancing VMs between Pools (Local  SAN)
  • 22. Domain 0 Disaggregation • Split Control Domain into Driver, Stub and Service Domains – Each domain – a separate VM – contains a specific management server – See: “Breaking up is hard to do” @ Xen Papers on wiki.xen.org • Unique benefit of the Xen architecture – Security: Minimum privilege; Narrow interfaces – Robustness: ability to safely restart parts of the system (such as Xapi itself) – Scalability: more distributed system (less reliable on Dom0) • Currently used by Qubes OS and Citrix XenClient XT (secure client virt) • We’ll be laying the framework for disaggregation in XCP 1.6
  • 23. • IRC: #xen-api on Freenode • Mailing List: xen-api@lists.xen.org • Wiki: http://wiki.xen.org – Beginners & User Categories – XCP Category • Excellent XCP Tutorials – A day worth of material @ http://xen.org/community/xenday11 Questions… Slides available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified from www.slideshare.net/xen_com_mgr

Editor's Notes

  1. XenoServer : enablers as well the concept
  2. Note: 10th birthday of the project is coming up
  3. Hold this thought! We will come back to this later….!
  4. PVOPS is the Kernel Infrastructure to run a PV Hypervisor on top of Linux
  5. Dom 0:In a typical Xen set-up Dom0 contains a smorgasboard of functionality:System bootDevice emulation & multiplexingAdministrative toolstackDrivers (e.g. Storage & Network)Etc.LARGE TCB – BUT, Smaller as in a Type 2 hypervisorDriver/Stub/Service Domains: also known as Disaggregation
  6. PVOPS is the Kernel Infrastructure to run a PV Hypervisor on top of Linux
  7. Device Model emulated in QEMUModels for newer devices are much faster, but for now PV is even faster
  8. Automatic PerformancePV on HVM guests are very close to PV guests in benchmarks that favour PV MMUsPV on HVM guests are far ahead of PV guests in benchmarks that favour nested paging
  9. PVOPS is the Kernel Infrastructure to run a PV Hypervisor on top of Linux
  10. Where are we?1) Linux 3 contains everything needed to run Xen on a Vanilla Kernel, both as Dom0 and DomU2) That’s of course a little bit of an old hat now3) But it is worth mentioning that it only took 5 years to upstream that PVOPS into the kernel
  11. Just one example of a survey, many morehttp://www.colt.net/cio-research/z2-cloud-2.htmlAccording to many surveys, security is actually the main reason which makes or breaks cloud adoptionBetter security means more adoptionConcerns about security means slowed adoption
  12. So for a hypervisor, as Xen which is powering 80% of the public cloud – rackspace, AWS and many other VPS providers use Xen and with cloud computing becoming mainstream, furthering security is really importantOne of the key things there is isolation between VMs, but also simplicity as I pointed out earlierBut there are also a number of advanced features in Xen, which are not that widely know. So I wanted to give you a short overview of two of them
  13. Ask some questions
  14. Example: XOARSelf-destructing VMs (destroyed after initialization): PCIBack = virtualize access to PCI Bus configRestartable VMs (periodic restarts): NetBack (Physical network driver exposed to guest) = restarted on timerBuilder (instantiate other VMs) = Restarted on each request
  15. What about domain 0 itself?Once we've disaggregated domain 0, what will be left? The answer is: very little! We'll still have the logic for booting the host, for starting and stopping VMs, and for deciding which VM should control which piece of hardware... but that's about it. At this point domain 0 could be considered as a small "embedded" system, like a home NAT box or router.
  16. Note: not exactly 1:1 with XEComparisons to other APIs in the virtualization space (source: Steven Maresca)Generally speaking XAPI is well-designed and well-executedXAPI makes it pleasantly easy to achieve quick productivityXAPI is set up to work with frameworkssuch as CloudStack and OpenStack. Some SOAPy lovers of big XML envelopes and WSDLs scoff at XML-RPC, but it certainly gets the job done with few complaintsExample codehttp://bazaar.launchpad.net/~nova-core/nova/github/files/head:/plugins/xenserver/xenapi/etc/xapi.d/plugins/   https://github.com/xen-org/xen-api/blob/master/scripts/examples/python/XenAPIPlugin.py
  17. VM lifecycle (start, stop, resume) ... automation is the key pointLive snapshots: Takes a snapshot of a live VM (e.g. for disaster recovery or migration)Resource pools (multiple physical machines): XS & XCP onlylive migration: VM is backed up while running, onto shared storage (e.g. NFS) in a pool and when completed restarted elsewhere in that pool. disaster recovery: you can find lots of information on how this works at http://support.citrix.com/servlet/KbServlet/download/17141-102-19301/XenServer_Pool_Replication_-_Disaster_Recovery.pdf (the key point is that I can back up the metadata for the entire VM)Flexible storage: XAPI does hide details for storage and networkingI.e. I apply generic commands (NFS, NETAPP, iSCSI ... once its created they all appear the same) from XAPI. I only need to know the storage type when I create storage and network objects (OOL)Upgrading a host to a later version of XCP (all my configs and VMs stay the same) …and patching (broken now - bug, can apply security patches to XCP/XS or Dom0 but not DomU)
  18. * Host Architectural Improvements. XCP 1.5 now runs on the Xen 4.1 hypervisor, provides GPT (new partition table type) support and a smaller, more scalable Dom0. * GPU Pass-Through. Enables a physical GPU to be assigned to a VM providing high-end graphics. * Increased Performance and Scale. Supported limits have been increased to 1 TB memory for XCP hosts, and up to16 virtual processors and 128 GB virtual memory for VMs. Improved XCP Tools with smaller footprint. * Networking Improvements. Open vSwitch is now the default networking stack in XCP 1.5 and now provides formal support for Active-Backup NIC bonding. * Enhanced Guest OS Support. Support for Ubuntu 10.04 (32/64-bit).Updated support for Debian Squeeze 6.0 64-bit, Oracle Enterprise Linux6.0 (32/64-bit) and SLES 10 SP4 (32/64-bit). Experimental VM templates for CentOS 6.0 (32/64-bit), Ubuntu 10.10 (32/64-bit) and Solaris 10. * Virtual Appliance Support (vApp). Ability to create multi-VM and boot sequenced virtual appliances (vApps) that integrate with Integrated Site Recovery and High Availability. vApps can be easily imported and exported using the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) standard.
  19. * Host Architectural Improvements. XCP 1.5 now runs on the Xen 4.1 hypervisor, provides GPT (new partition table type) support and a smaller, more scalable Dom0. * GPU Pass-Through. Enables a physical GPU to be assigned to a VM providing high-end graphics. * Increased Performance and Scale. Supported limits have been increased to 1 TB memory for XCP hosts, and up to16 virtual processors and 128 GB virtual memory for VMs. Improved XCP Tools with smaller footprint. * Networking Improvements. Open vSwitch is now the default networking stack in XCP 1.5 and now provides formal support for Active-Backup NIC bonding. * Enhanced Guest OS Support. Support for Ubuntu 10.04 (32/64-bit).Updated support for Debian Squeeze 6.0 64-bit, Oracle Enterprise Linux6.0 (32/64-bit) and SLES 10 SP4 (32/64-bit). Experimental VM templates for CentOS 6.0 (32/64-bit), Ubuntu 10.10 (32/64-bit) and Solaris 10. * Virtual Appliance Support (vApp). Ability to create multi-VM and boot sequenced virtual appliances (vApps) that integrate with Integrated Site Recovery and High Availability. vApps can be easily imported and exported using the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) standard.
  20. Example: XOARSelf-destructing VMs (destroyed after initialization): PCIBack = virtualize access to PCI Bus configRestartable VMs (periodic restarts): NetBack (Physical network driver exposed to guest) = restarted on timerBuilder (instantiate other VMs) = Restarted on each request
  21. Hold this thought! We will come back to this later….!
  22. Performance : similar to other hypervisorsMaturity: Tried & Tested, Most Problems that are Problems are well knownOpen source: Good body of Knowledge, Tools