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gScale : Improve vGPU Scalability
Using Dynamic Resource Sharing
Aug 2016
Pei Zhang Pei.zhang@intel.com
Kevin Tian Kevin.tian@intel.com
Xiao Zheng Xiao.zheng@intel.com
2
Agenda
• vGPU Scalability of GVT-g
• gScale Design for Doubled vGPU Density
• Evaluation
• Summary
vGPU Scalability in GVT-g
4
GVT-g Introduction
• Full GPU virtualization solution with mediated pass-through approach
• Open source implementation for Xen/KVM (aka XenGT/KVMGT)
• Support a rich span of Intel® Processor Graphics
• Available in https://01.org/igvt-g
Near to native
GPU performance
Full GPU capabilities
in VM
Flexible VMs sharing
(Up to 7VMs)+ +
>= 2X higher density!
gScale
5
Processor Graphics: Components
Display
Engine
GPU
Render
Engine
GGTT
System Memory
Global Graphics
Virtual Memory
PPGTTPPGTTPPGTT
Graphics Virtual
Memory
Graphics Virtual
Memory
Per-Process Graphics
Virtual Memory
Registers/MMIO
CPU
Aperture
6
• Parallel access from multiple engines due to split vCPU/vGPU scheduling
Shared Global Graphics Memory in GVT-g
Display
Engine
Render
Engine
Global Graphics
Virtual Memory
CPU
Aperture
By guest gfx drivers
thru
vCPU scheduling
By guest GPU commands
thru
vGPU scheduling
Upon
Foreground/background
Display switch
7
Static Partitioning of Global Graphics Memory
0 4GB1GB
Global
Graphics Memory
CPU Visible Memory CPU Invisible Memory
vGPU1
vGPU2
PCI MMIO Aperture
- Minimal 128MB visible/384MB invisible per vGPU
- Means up to 7vGPUs possible (besides reserved for Dom0)
- Some BIOS may support a smaller aperture which means more limitation
gScale Design for Doubled vGPU Density
9
gScale: per-VM Global Graphics Memory
VM1
View
VM2
View Host View
Ballooned graphic memory
VM1
View
VM2
View Host View
Switch between per-VM GGTT table
Shared GGTT space Per-VM GGTT space
Key challenge is to remove parallel accesses!
10
3 Components in Parallel Access to GGTT
• Render engine access
• Display engine access
• CPU tiled/non-tiled memory access
11
Render Engine Accesses
• At anytime, only one vGPU’s graphics memory is accessible by render engine
Controlled by vGPU scheduler
• Dynamically switch per-VM GGTT table at vGPU context switch
Render Engine
Global Graphics Memory
per-VM Global GTT
VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory
Part of vGPU context switch
12
Display Engine Accesses
• Display engine accesses is restricted to the Dom0 reserved region
Alias mapping of guest framebuffer into reserved graphics memory for Dom0
Display Engine
Global Graphics Memory
per-VM Global GTT
VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory
Dom0 reserved region
13
Tiled/non-Tiled and Aperture Memory
• What is tiled memory
• Tiled memory – aperture access
Linear surface Tiled surface
14
CPU Accesses to Non-Tiled Memory
VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory
Global Graphics Memory
per-VM Global GTT
EPT1 EPT2
vAperture1 vAperture2
Remove
use of aperture
Bypass aperture and
directly access system
memory.
Mem access is coherent
between CPU cores/GPU.
Dom0 reserved region
Aperture
15
CPU Access for Tiled Memory
VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory
Global Graphics Memory
per-VM Global GTT
EPT1 EPT2
vAperture1 vAperture2
Tiled Memory
Fence
Registers
Dynamic allocation of
fence register and
aperture for tiled memory!
Dom0 reserved region
Aperture
16
Summary: Global Graphic memory access
Display
Engine
Render
Engine
CPU
Aperture
Access Tiled mem:
remap to DOM-0
Reserved region
Only render owner
can access memory
Remap to only accesses
DOM-0 reserved region
Per-VM Global
memory
System Memory
Access None-Tiled mem:
pass through to
system memory directly
GPU
GGTT
Dom0 reserved region
17
Optimization: Split per-VM GGTT into slots
• per-VM GTT switching is based on slots
• Switching for those only slots that shared
between other VMs
* Notes:
1. vGPU0 (for DOM0) has dedicated mem space
slots which won’t be shared by other vGPUs.
Slot0
(DOM0)
Slot1
(DOMu)
Slot2
(DOMu)
High Mem space
vGPU0*1
vGPU1
vGPU2
vGPU3
vGPU4
DOM0 Reserved
region
Slot0
(DOM0)
Slot1
(DOMu)
Low Mem space
…
vGPUn
…
…
Available low/high space slot
Split sample
Host
GGTT space
Per-VMGGTTSpace
Whole per-VM GTT table size is about 2MB
Switching entire GTT table is time consumed.
18
Linux Windows
1. gScale-Basic is the data without memory slot split.
2. Performance data is sampled with 12 VMs.
Context switch performance
- Private GTT table copy
Source: USENIX ATC (2015), gScale: Scaling up GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space
Evaluation
20
Windows Guest: Scalability 3D
performance with 12 VMs could achieves
up to 80% of 1 VM.
Linux Guest: Scalability of 3D performance with 15VMs could achieves
up to 80% of 1 VM.
2D performance is better by burn out GPU power.
Linux VM
Windows VM
Scalability Evaluation
Source: USENIX ATC (2015), gScale: Scaling up GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space
Summary
22
Summary
• gScale breaks graphics memory resource limitation by introducing per-VM GGTT design
• gScale doubles vGPU density in Intel®@ GVT-g with good scalability
• Converged performance of 15 vGPUs reaches 96% of native performance
23
Resource Links
• Project webpage and release: https://01.org/igvt-g
• Project public papers and document: https://01.org/group/2230/documentation-list
• Intel® IDF: GVT-g in Media Cloud: https://01.org/sites/default/files/documentation/sz15_sfts002_100_engf.pdf
• XenGT introduction in summit in 2015: http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/XenGT-
Xen%20Summit-REWRITE%203RD%20v4.pdf
• XenGT introduction in summit in 2014: http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/XenGT-
LinuxCollaborationSummit-final_1.pdf
24
Notices and Disclaimers
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS
GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR
SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL® PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR
WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT
OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT
INTENDED FOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS.
Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.
All products, dates, and figures specified are preliminary based on current expectations, and are subject to change without notice.
Intel, processors, chipsets, and desktop boards may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product
to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.
No computer system can provide absolute security under all conditions. Intel® Trusted Execution Technology (Intel® TXT) requires a
computer with Intel® Virtualization Technology, an Intel TXT-enabled processor, chipset, BIOS, Authenticated Code Modules and an
Intel TXT-compatible measured launched environment (MLE). Intel TXT also requires the system to contain a TPM v1.s. For more
information, visit http://www.intel.com/technology/security
Intel, Intel logo, Xeon, and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Copyright © 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.

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XPDS16: Live scalability for vGPU using gScale - Xiao Zheng, Intel

  • 1. gScale : Improve vGPU Scalability Using Dynamic Resource Sharing Aug 2016 Pei Zhang Pei.zhang@intel.com Kevin Tian Kevin.tian@intel.com Xiao Zheng Xiao.zheng@intel.com
  • 2. 2 Agenda • vGPU Scalability of GVT-g • gScale Design for Doubled vGPU Density • Evaluation • Summary
  • 4. 4 GVT-g Introduction • Full GPU virtualization solution with mediated pass-through approach • Open source implementation for Xen/KVM (aka XenGT/KVMGT) • Support a rich span of Intel® Processor Graphics • Available in https://01.org/igvt-g Near to native GPU performance Full GPU capabilities in VM Flexible VMs sharing (Up to 7VMs)+ + >= 2X higher density! gScale
  • 5. 5 Processor Graphics: Components Display Engine GPU Render Engine GGTT System Memory Global Graphics Virtual Memory PPGTTPPGTTPPGTT Graphics Virtual Memory Graphics Virtual Memory Per-Process Graphics Virtual Memory Registers/MMIO CPU Aperture
  • 6. 6 • Parallel access from multiple engines due to split vCPU/vGPU scheduling Shared Global Graphics Memory in GVT-g Display Engine Render Engine Global Graphics Virtual Memory CPU Aperture By guest gfx drivers thru vCPU scheduling By guest GPU commands thru vGPU scheduling Upon Foreground/background Display switch
  • 7. 7 Static Partitioning of Global Graphics Memory 0 4GB1GB Global Graphics Memory CPU Visible Memory CPU Invisible Memory vGPU1 vGPU2 PCI MMIO Aperture - Minimal 128MB visible/384MB invisible per vGPU - Means up to 7vGPUs possible (besides reserved for Dom0) - Some BIOS may support a smaller aperture which means more limitation
  • 8. gScale Design for Doubled vGPU Density
  • 9. 9 gScale: per-VM Global Graphics Memory VM1 View VM2 View Host View Ballooned graphic memory VM1 View VM2 View Host View Switch between per-VM GGTT table Shared GGTT space Per-VM GGTT space Key challenge is to remove parallel accesses!
  • 10. 10 3 Components in Parallel Access to GGTT • Render engine access • Display engine access • CPU tiled/non-tiled memory access
  • 11. 11 Render Engine Accesses • At anytime, only one vGPU’s graphics memory is accessible by render engine Controlled by vGPU scheduler • Dynamically switch per-VM GGTT table at vGPU context switch Render Engine Global Graphics Memory per-VM Global GTT VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory Part of vGPU context switch
  • 12. 12 Display Engine Accesses • Display engine accesses is restricted to the Dom0 reserved region Alias mapping of guest framebuffer into reserved graphics memory for Dom0 Display Engine Global Graphics Memory per-VM Global GTT VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory Dom0 reserved region
  • 13. 13 Tiled/non-Tiled and Aperture Memory • What is tiled memory • Tiled memory – aperture access Linear surface Tiled surface
  • 14. 14 CPU Accesses to Non-Tiled Memory VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory Global Graphics Memory per-VM Global GTT EPT1 EPT2 vAperture1 vAperture2 Remove use of aperture Bypass aperture and directly access system memory. Mem access is coherent between CPU cores/GPU. Dom0 reserved region Aperture
  • 15. 15 CPU Access for Tiled Memory VM2 System MemoryVM1 System Memory Global Graphics Memory per-VM Global GTT EPT1 EPT2 vAperture1 vAperture2 Tiled Memory Fence Registers Dynamic allocation of fence register and aperture for tiled memory! Dom0 reserved region Aperture
  • 16. 16 Summary: Global Graphic memory access Display Engine Render Engine CPU Aperture Access Tiled mem: remap to DOM-0 Reserved region Only render owner can access memory Remap to only accesses DOM-0 reserved region Per-VM Global memory System Memory Access None-Tiled mem: pass through to system memory directly GPU GGTT Dom0 reserved region
  • 17. 17 Optimization: Split per-VM GGTT into slots • per-VM GTT switching is based on slots • Switching for those only slots that shared between other VMs * Notes: 1. vGPU0 (for DOM0) has dedicated mem space slots which won’t be shared by other vGPUs. Slot0 (DOM0) Slot1 (DOMu) Slot2 (DOMu) High Mem space vGPU0*1 vGPU1 vGPU2 vGPU3 vGPU4 DOM0 Reserved region Slot0 (DOM0) Slot1 (DOMu) Low Mem space … vGPUn … … Available low/high space slot Split sample Host GGTT space Per-VMGGTTSpace Whole per-VM GTT table size is about 2MB Switching entire GTT table is time consumed.
  • 18. 18 Linux Windows 1. gScale-Basic is the data without memory slot split. 2. Performance data is sampled with 12 VMs. Context switch performance - Private GTT table copy Source: USENIX ATC (2015), gScale: Scaling up GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space
  • 20. 20 Windows Guest: Scalability 3D performance with 12 VMs could achieves up to 80% of 1 VM. Linux Guest: Scalability of 3D performance with 15VMs could achieves up to 80% of 1 VM. 2D performance is better by burn out GPU power. Linux VM Windows VM Scalability Evaluation Source: USENIX ATC (2015), gScale: Scaling up GPU Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of Graphics Memory Space
  • 22. 22 Summary • gScale breaks graphics memory resource limitation by introducing per-VM GGTT design • gScale doubles vGPU density in Intel®@ GVT-g with good scalability • Converged performance of 15 vGPUs reaches 96% of native performance
  • 23. 23 Resource Links • Project webpage and release: https://01.org/igvt-g • Project public papers and document: https://01.org/group/2230/documentation-list • Intel® IDF: GVT-g in Media Cloud: https://01.org/sites/default/files/documentation/sz15_sfts002_100_engf.pdf • XenGT introduction in summit in 2015: http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/XenGT- Xen%20Summit-REWRITE%203RD%20v4.pdf • XenGT introduction in summit in 2014: http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/XenGT- LinuxCollaborationSummit-final_1.pdf
  • 24. 24 Notices and Disclaimers INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL® PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. All products, dates, and figures specified are preliminary based on current expectations, and are subject to change without notice. Intel, processors, chipsets, and desktop boards may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. No computer system can provide absolute security under all conditions. Intel® Trusted Execution Technology (Intel® TXT) requires a computer with Intel® Virtualization Technology, an Intel TXT-enabled processor, chipset, BIOS, Authenticated Code Modules and an Intel TXT-compatible measured launched environment (MLE). Intel TXT also requires the system to contain a TPM v1.s. For more information, visit http://www.intel.com/technology/security Intel, Intel logo, Xeon, and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.