A study report on Kutch-Bhuj

Study tour Report: Kutch
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We earnestly wish to express our heartfelt thanks and a sense of gratitude to Dr. Krupesh A.
Chauhan for his valuable guidance and constant inspiration in preparing this report. We also
acknowledge the inspiration and encouragement provided by him. Frequent interactions with
him in all aspects of the report making have been a great learning experience. We shall
always cherish his support and encouragement.
Kishan Movaliya P17UP001 Himani Jaiswal P17UP012
Abhishek Jariwala P17UP003 Pooja Mahajan P17UP013
Dharmesh Tarasariya P17UP005 Swapnil Pharande P17UP014
Akshit Panchani P17UP006 Neelam Pasi P17UP015
Ketan Vora P17UP007 Saurabh Baderao P17UP016
Nitesh Sukla P17UP008 Arnab Halder P17UP017
Ashwani Yadav P17UP009 Jigar Patel P17UP018
Yajush Sonar P17UP010 Vaibhavi Patel P17UP019
Rumendra Babu P17UP011 Manisha Garasia P17UP020

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CONTENTS
Certificate i
Examiners Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents iv-xi
List of Figures x-xi
PART 1: DHOLAVIRA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
1. Introduction 2-8
1.1. General 2
1.2. Need of Study 3
1.3. Study area 3
1.4. Objectives 4
1.5. Case Study: Development of tourism of ancient village 4
1.6. Scope of study 5
1.7. Issues 5
1.8. Existing scenario 5-6
1.9. Existing Tourist scenario facility 6-7
1.10. Facility in village 8
2. Planning for Dholavira village & entire cluster 9-14
2.1. Proposals 9-10
2.1.1. Ancient City Theme Park
2.1.2. Lake Resort

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2.2. Planning based on culture and heritage 11-12
2.3. Planning based on 1 day and 2 day trip 12
2.4. Preservation & Conservation by Government 12-14
PART 2: RANN OF KUTCH
1. Introduction 16-26
1.1. How Unique Beauty of the Rann was discovered? 16-17
1.2. All Round Development of Rann Villages 17-18
1.3. The Rann Utsav 18-20
1.4. Self-Governing Villages 20-22
1.5. New Business & Employment Opportunities 22-23
1.6. Need of Study 23
1.7. Objectives and scope of study 23
1.7.1 Objectives
1.7.2. Scopes
1.8. Study area profile 24-25
1.9. Data collection 26
2. Proposals 27-30
2.1. Pedestrian Road 27
2.2. Public Toilet Facility 27
2.3. Seating arrangement for elderly 27
2.4. Lift for handicapped at tower 27
2.5. Boarding and Dropping location near tower 28
2.6. Plans and details of Proposals 28-30
2.7. Summary 30

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PART 3: BHUJ
1. Development Plan: Bhuj 32-71
1.1. Introduction 32-37
1.1.1. History of development plan
1.1.2. Development plan preparation according to GTPUDA
1.1.3. Difference between development plan and city development plan
1.2 Existing scenario 37-43
1.2.1. Proposed and Existing land use zoning
1.2.2. Traffic Characteristics
1.2.3. Housing
1.2.4. Source of Water
1.2.5. Social Infrastructure
1.3. Changes in Development Plan of 2011 and 2025 44-52
1.4. Water infrastructure 53-61
1.4.1. History of water network in bhuj city
1.4.2. Current water supply scenario
1.4.2.1. Storage structures and distribution network
1.4.2.2. water network at household level
1.4.3. Demand vs. Supply
1.4.4. Organizational structure of water division
1.4.5. Water tariff structure
1.4.6. Collection efficiency & recovery ratio
1.4.7. Water consumption pattern

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1.4.8. Proposals
1.4.9. Findings
1.5. Road infrastructure 61-71
1.5.1. Major Junctions
1.5.1.1. Jubilee Circle
1.5.1.2. Reliance Petrol Pump Circle
1.5.1.3. Udyog Bhavan Circle
1.5.2. Road Network
1.5.2.1. Road network scenario
1.5.2.2. Comments
2. Heritage sites 72-89
2.1. Introduction 72
2.1.1. Objectives and scope of study
2.2. Conservation in India 72-75
2.2.1. Conservation Techniques
2.3. Conservation in Gujarat 75-76
2.4. Rules, regulation and guidelines for conservation 76-77
2.4.1. Constitutional guidelines
2.4.2. Acts
2.4.3. Rules
2.5. Role of historical place in urban planning 77-79
2.5.1. Heritage
2.5.2. Reuse

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2.5.3. Protecting the Setting of Heritage Features
2.5.4. Compatibility
2.5.6. Preservation of Local Character
2.5.7. Recreated Heritage
2.6. Historical Places of Bhuj 79-85
2.6.1. Aina mahal
2.6.2. Prag mahal
2.6.3. Chatardi (funeral memorials)
2.6.4. Kutch Museum
2.6.5. Ramkund Stepwell:
2.6.6. Darbaar Gadh:
2.6.7. Jubilee hospital, bhuj
2.6.8. Old market
2.7. Proposal 86-89
2.7.1. Conservation proposals
2.7.2. Special proposal
3. Smrutivan 90-101
3.1. Introduction 90-92
3.2. Mechanism of project 92-93
3.3. Components of Smrutivan 93
3.4. Soft landscaping 93-94

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3.5. Hard landscaping 95-97
3.6. Case studies 98-101
3.6.1. Kulish Smritivan Jaipur
3.6.2. Smritivan Pune
4. Living & Learning Design Centre (LLDC) 102-105
4.1. Overview 102-105
5. Bhujodi: Hiralaxmi Memorial Craft Park 106-112
5.1. Historical overview 106
5.2. Various Crafts’ Practiced 107-111
5.3. Vande Mataram Memorial 111-112
5.3.1. Overview

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Layout plan of Dholavira Excavated Site................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2 Map of Bhuj Figure 3 Map of Khadir Bet
............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4 Layout Plan of Khadir Bet....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5 Dholavira Tourism Resort ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6 Layout plan of Dholavira resort............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7 Proposed Site for Dholavira lake resort and Ancirnt Theme Park..Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 8 Base Map for Dholavira Resort ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 9 Proposed Site for Kutch culture & Heritage Park..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 10 Dholavira Archaeological Museum ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 11 Beauty of white rann of Kutch............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 12 Entry in Tent city and RannUtsav.......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 13 Aerial view of the tent city at Gateway of Rann..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 14 Night view of the tent city..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 15 Traditional Bhunga style cottages at the "Gateway of Rann" tourist resort.... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 16 Proposal for White Rann ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 17 Proposal site for new tent city................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 18 Change in agricultural land use in North West Zone............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 19 Change in North West Zone .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 20 Change in public purpose land use in North West Zone....... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 21 Changes in the Commercial Land use in North West Zone .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 22: Change in agricultural land use in North East Zone ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 23 Change in agricultural land use in North East ZoneError! Bookmark not defined.

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Figure 24 Reduction in Commercial land in the North East Zone ........ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 25 Change of residential land into commercial land use in North East Zone ...... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 26 Changes in land use in South West Zone ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 27 Water sources in bhuj city ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 28 Water supply scheme and sources.......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 29 Water Supply Network.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 30 Location plan of jubilee circle ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 31 Traffic scenario of jubilee circle ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 32 Location plan of Reliance Petrol Pump Circle ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 33 Floral Band ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 34 TajMahal............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 35 Heritage walk in Bhuj............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 36AinaMahal ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 37PragMahal.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 38Chatardi ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 39 Kutuch Museum.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 40RamkundStepwll.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 41 DarbaarGadh......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 42 Jubilee Hospital..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 43 Old Market............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 44 Smrutivan view ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 45 Master plan smrutivan........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 46 Land use plan smrutivan........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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PART 1: DHOLAVIRA TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
Dholavira, is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the
state of Gujarat in western India. A unique Harappan city known for its exquisite planning,
architecture, amazing water management system, for two multi-purpose grounds (stadiums,
too), funerary architecture, besides providing a cultural sequence of 1500 years from early
third millennium to second millennium BCE.
The site contains ruins of an ancient Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan city. Dholavira’s
location is on the Tropic of Cancer. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most
prominent archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is also
considered as having been the grandest of citiesof its time. It has been under excavation since
1990 by the Archaeological Survey of India, which opines that "Dholavira has indeed added
new dimensions to personality of Indus Valley Civilisation.
The other major Harappan sites discovered so far are:
1. Harappa
2. Mohenjodaro
3. Ganeriwala
4. Rakhigarhi
5. Kalibangan
6. Rupnagar
7. Lothal.
Figure 1 Layout plan of Dholavira Excavated Site

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1.2. Need of study:
One of its most interesting features of kutch is several large and medium sized settlements
which represent different culture. Studies of the sites in the Kutch region suggest that the
Little Rann of Kutch was covered with water with a few scattered islands. Several Harappan
settlements have been found along the higher points in the Kutch region suggesting that the
sites in Gujarat were used as trading outposts from which the Harappans traded with West
Asia. This is further reinforced by the nature of settlements, ports and industries found in this
area. Several of these are urban centres and there are, villages, craft centres, camp sites,
fortified places etc (Ratnagar, 2001).
Dholavira has actually become an island in the Greater Rann for it is surrounded on all sides
by the Rann and is considerably elevated. Such geographical condition attract lots of people
to visit the place throughout the year.
1.3. Study area:
Dholavira is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the
state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village
1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of it. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most
prominent archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is
located on Khadir Bet Island in the Kutch Desert.
Figure 2 Map of Bhuj Figure 3 Map of Khadir Bet

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Nearest major stations near dholavira
Bhachau 66 km
Samakhyali 70 km
Bhuj 88 km
Anjar 86 km
1.4. Objectives:
1. To observe problems faced by villagers and local government.
2. To analyse existing scenario of Dholavira village and archaeological site.
3. To enhance tourism in archaeological site by providing more attractions.
4. To integrate planning with tourism of archaeological sites to boost up economy in
nearby area.
1.5. Case study: Development of tourism of ancient village
Ancient city theme park
Based on case study of: Romaland and Napoleonland Italy and France &Imagica India.
Romaland theme park
It is an amusment park based on theme of roman settlinhg. It was opend in 2006.Park was
based on theme of educating the tourists with some little amusement and aims for better
understanding of ancient heritage the porpose of this site is both to integrate archeological
and tourist demand in area.
1. Area of park: 809371 sq m
2. Location: Italy
3. Tourist arrivals: 12 million each year
4. Duration of stay: one whole day
5. Other ancient theme based parks in world which are built to boost up nearby
archaeological sites.
6. Nepoleanland (France) ,Astrix park(Paris), Graffiti park (Lofoten island)

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1.6. Scope of study:
1. Dholavira is heritage village. People visit it but for particular time of year and mainly
during ranotsav of kutch.
2. Main reason for this is lake of development near dholavira and also due to this stay
near dholavira is costly.
3. This report mainly focus on development near dholavira.
4. There are many location near dholavira which is undeveloped so by providing this it
can indirectly develop dholavira and also increase tourist in dholavira.
5. Apart from location development culture and heritage development is also necessary
for any heritage village so this report also focus on development of kutch culture and
heritage.
1.7. Issues:
During visit at Dholavira following issue are observed regarding tourist facilityand many
other thing.
1. Tourist visit dholavira for particular time in year mainly Ranotsav.
2. Cost of stay at the resort near dholavira is high.
3. Lake of resources like water.
4. Lake of awareness about govt. scheme regarding tourisam development
5. Tourist doesn’t prefer to stay at night or homestay so it’s create problem for owner so
that he is not able to get proper benefit
6. Lake of development near dholavira mainly in khadir bet.
7. Lake of culture and heritage development.
8. Lake of use of man power for tourism development activity.
1.8. Existing scenario:
During visit at Dholavira following scenario is observed regarding tourist flow, existing
facility for stay and also near by site

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1. In current condition around 8000 to 10,000 people per year visit dholavira.
2. Tourist visit dholavira in particular season mainly during ranotsav.
3. In khadir bet 3 resort are available for stay from which 1 is near dholavira and 2 are
far.
4. Apart from this home stay is also available at village.
5. Fossil park is developed by Govt. which represent dholavira excavation site.
6. Museum is also located near dholavira which have different statue which represent
culture of kutch of various community.
Figure 4 Layout Plan of Khadir Bet
1.9. Existing Tourist scenario facility:
Far away from bustle of the city, deep in the heart of a majestic past, is the Dholavira
Tourism Resort. It is an ideal retreat for families and nature enthusiasts alike. The resort
offers a perfect blend of nature along with the comfort of modern amenities.
Enveloped in natural beauty, resort’s experience offers guests an incredible opportunity to
immerse themselves in the region’s unbelievable environment while learning about the local
landscapes and wildlife.
The resort is also a starting point to several outdoor activities and sightseeing tours. It is with
this vision that involvement of the locals has been our prime objective. Numerous people

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from in and around Dholaravira have found employment here at the resort as its helpers or as
experienced travel guides for visitors.Resort is at 1.2 km from excavated site of Dholavira.
Figure 5 Dholavira Tourism Resort
Figure 6 Layout plan of Dholavira resort

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1.10. Facility in village:
Apart from resorts home stay is also available in dholavira village. It provides all basic
facility including traditional food. Per day rant is nearly 1500rs. Per person including
food.Currently 4 to 5 family involve in this home stay activity.

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CHAPTER 2
PLANNING FOR DHOLAVIRA VILLAGE & ENTIRE CLUSTER
2.1. Proposals:
2.1.1. Ancient City Theme Park:
1. Area required: - 2, 00,000 sq meter (20 hactare)
2. Capacity of park: - 3000 visitors per day
3. Theme: - Represent Dholavira Excavation, life style of people in different periods of
harappa culture and indusvally civilization
4. Cost of park:-200 crores
5. Method of funding: - government bonds, public private partnership, private investors
6. Manpower can get employment:-100
7. Duration of stay:-One whole day
2.1.2. Lake resort:
1. Area required: - 15000 sq metre
2. Capacity:-200
3. Cost of resort:-10-20 crores
4. Method of funding:-private investor, government
5. Manpower can get employment:-50

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Figure 7 Proposed Site for Dholavira lake resort and Ancirnt Theme Park
Figure 8 Base Map for Dholavira Resort

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2.2. Planning based on culture and heritage:
Culture of Kutch is symbolic of Gujarati culture, famous for its traditional and cultural values
mostly for its creative art.
Music plays an important role in the cultural lives of the people of Kutch. Dhol, a kind of
musical instrument, is a popular musical instrument used by the people. Other instruments
used by the people include Manjira, Dholak, Morchang, Nalvadan and Algoza. Painters in
Kutch called “Kamangar”, use brushes made out of the leaves of date palms, to paint walls.
The people of Kutch are prolific in manufacturing textiles. The embroidery work done by the
people in this region is dense with motifs, and very beautiful overall.
The staple elements of village meals include kadi-khichdi, bajra and milk. Buttermilk is also
commonly consumed during lunch.
1. Dance and music programme:
So for kutch culture representation at night in any resort dance and music programme
can be organised. It gives both enjoyment and knowledge of kutch culture to tourist.
2. Culture & Heritage park
• Area required: - 1, 00,000 sq meter (10 hactare)
• Capacity of park: - 1500 visitors per day
• Theme: In this park one museum is provided which represent culture of kutch
of various community. Play can be organized in 2 times a day which describe
various community. Shop of handicraft things can be located in park. Dance
and music programme can be organized in night. Traditional food can be
available in park.
• Cost of park:-80 crores
• Method of funding: - government bonds, public private partnership, private
investors
• Manpower can get employment:-150
• Duration of stay:-One whole day

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Figure 9 Proposed Site for Kutch culture & Heritage Park
2.3. Planning based on 1 day and 2 day trip:
1. 1 Day Trip: In one day trip visitor can visit dholavira excavated site. Apart from this
fossile park and museum can be visited.
2. Day Trip: In 2 day trip 1st
day is same as one day trip. At night they can stay at any
resort and can enjoy traditional food and dance.
Next day they can visit nearby location of dholavira like, Ancient city theme park, culture
&heritage park and also temple of God Dattatreya near sea-shore.
2.4. Preservation & Conservation by Government:
The preservation and propagation of Archaeo-heritage tourism at Dholavira is in full swing.
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has put in concentrated efforts by giving special
importance to the excavation as well as other related works at the site so as to develop it as a
centre of culture, research, education, and environmental development in order to make It
international archaeo-heritage destination. Government of Gujarat has extended invaluable

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cooperation for the same. Significant works done by the concerned authorities of both
Archaeological Survey of India and Government of
Gujarat is briefed below (after Bisht 2004),
1. Apart from offering central protection to the site, Archaeological Survey of India
acquired 66.60 hectares of state owned land in and around Dholavira, while acquiring
of 35.68 hectares of private land is at an advance stage.
2. Archaeological Survey of India has constructed a beautiful, multiple hall complex in a
garden setting. The complex consist of halls for documentation, interpretation and
display, a cafeteria, an office, stores and accommodation facilities for camp inmates,
visiting scholars and students.
3. Archaeological Survey of India also has a comprehensive program of development of
the site at Dholavira (it is still in the pipe line and will take little time to find a way
out) by way of conservation, laying of movement paths, audio CD guided tours,
fencing and greening. It is also committed to construct museum of international
standard, at the site.
4. Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited (TCGL) has constructed a large tourist
complex, conveniently away from the ancient site, facilitated with open-air theatre.
5. The Department of Tele-communication has set up primary telecommunication
facilities at the site.
6. Government of Gujarat has set up a high power substation at Balasar for upgrading
the electric supply to Dholavira and villages which fall in between and also a primary
health centre at Dholavira.
7. Government of Gujarat widened the road from Chitrod to Dholavira and constructed a
connecting road between Dholavira and Jam Kunharia across the Rann partially.

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Figure 10 Dholavira Archaeological Museum

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PART 2: RANN OF KUTCH

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rann of Kutch – the world’s largest salt desert, till about 10-12 years ago, this area was
considered among the most backward in Gujarat with very poor road connectivity and
negligible civic infrastructure.
This border area has a preponderant Muslim population. Village Dhordo which is the nerve
centre of this region, is 90 percent Muslim and 10 percent Hindus of artisanal castes. The
latter are mostly scheduled castes that produce their own distinct crafts including leather
products.
It all changed dramatically when the government provide world class road connectivity to
the entire Kutch region along with 24x7 power and clean water supply to the remotest
village of this desert land. With it came mobile phones, internet, schools, health centres,
banks ATMs, refrigerated milk collection centres and much else.
But the most dramatic change came when starting in 2005 Government of Gujarat decided
to host an annual RannUtsav(Festival of Rann). The very salt desert that was the source of
anxiety and fear developed as a major tourist attraction. Even the local people were
surprised because none of them ever ventured into the salt desert, and certainly not at night.
The Greater Rann of Kutch spans an area of 7505.22 sqkms while the Little Rann of Kutch
occupies 4953 sqkms and is spread out in the districts of Surendra Nagar, Banaskantha,
Patan, Kutch and Rajkot. It is well known for its wild ass sanctuary and flamingos.
On its southern edge are Banni grasslands. This region is also a home to a wide array of
flora and fauna not found elsewhere.
Two main occupations of the people of this region have been animal husbandry and
producing the famed handicrafts of Kutch.
1.1. How Unique Beauty of the Rann was discovered?
Some 25-30 years prior to becoming the chief minister of Gujarat, Modi had visited this
area. While living in those back of beyond villages, one full moon might he ventured into
the desert which the local people avoided as a fearsome place. He was awestruck by its
unique beauty because in winter months when the sea has retreated, it leaves behind a vast

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spread of dried salt crystals that shine like diamonds under moonlight. The landscape feels
as though you are walking on the moon or some resplendent planet. When as C.M., he
decided to prioritize development of backward regions, he chose to promote tourism in
Rann not just by marketing its exquisite arts, crafts, music, dance and unique architecture
but also the most unique feature of Rann - its salt desert come alive with diamond like
brightness on moonlit nights.
Figure 11 Beauty of white rann of Kutch
The local people themselves didn’t believe at first that this venture would succeed, nor did
any of tourist department officials see much potential in it. But Modi was far sighted
enough to invest his personal time and energy into promoting it. Apart from the astute ad
campaign featuring Amitabh Bachhan, year after year Modi not only came to inaugurate the
festival but also to camp in the specially created tent city of RannUtsav for a certain
number of days. That automatically brought in a lot more people, including government
officials. The special development fund earmarked for Gujarat’s backward coastal regions
were used for giving a new lease of life to this region, hitherto considered a menacing
wasteland.
1.2. All Round Development of Rann Villages:
Before the start of RannUtsav, the area got quality roads in each village of this remote
region. They got the best possible water supply system with Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant
that runs with a solar panel. The village has solar lighting on the streets. In 2013, they got a
66 KV electric substation. Earlier the power lines used to come from 200 kilometres
away. Now with this substation, 40 villages of this area have benefitted.

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There is a High School in Dhordo now. Their ATM machine also runs on solar power. For
dairy farmers, they have introduced a biometric ATM in the village so that they don’t have
to travel to Bhuj to get their payments from the milk factory. People can get their payment
at their doorstep.
The village now has a Ring Road all around it. Most important of all, they have enough
stored water to last two years because in 2008 they constructed several large water
harvesting talaabs (ponds).
1.3. The RannUtsav:
Tourism in Rann, as elsewhere in Gujarat, has grown organically with benefits going to
ordinary people. For example, no big hoteliers were brought to this eco sensitive area.
During the festival, Gujarat Tourism puts up 450 luxury tents to create a whole tent city
which comes alive with a whole array of cultural festivities-local dances, music, mimes and
what have you. The Gateway Resort is packed to capacity during that time. The demand far
outstrips supply; that is why villagers have been encouraged to provide home stay facilities
which give the tourists firsthand experience of traditional lifestyle and culture. RannUtsav
has plenty of good eating joints so home stay hosts offer only morning tea and breakfast.
This works out much cheaper for tourists as well.
Figure 12 Entry in Tent city and RannUtsav

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Figure 13 Aerial view of the tent city at Gateway of Rann
Figure 14 Night view of the tent city
In order to benefit the local villagers from increased tourist inflow, the Government gave
the Dhordopanchayat special funds under the Coastal Area Development Plan to create a
special resort called “The Gateway of Rann”. The idea was to create employment
opportunities in the village plus a stable source of income for the panchayat. This is a
unique Private-Public Partnership (PPP) business model. A similar facility has been
developed by Hodkopanchayat of the area.
The guest houses in the “Gateway to Rann” resort are constructed in traditional Bugga
style, designed and constructed by local artisans. These are very elegant round mud
structures decorated with mirror work and traditional paintings, constructed by local
artisans with local materials. While they add an exotic touch to the tourists’ experience,

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seeing their traditional architecture as an object of admiration has enhanced the self esteem
of local communities. Not surprisingly, instead of rebuilding their homes in the new urban
style architecture, most villagers have not only preserved their old homes but also extended
them to accommodate guests during tourist season.
Figure 15 Traditional Bhunga style cottages at the "Gateway of Rann" tourist resort
1.4. Self -Governing Villages:
As elsewhere in Gujarat, in Banni too, the gram sabha and panchayat decide the
development priorities of the village. The water management systems are handled by the
WASMO Committee (Water and Sanitation Management Organization). Their water filter
plant works on solar power. It was installed in 2006 and has worked without any hitch or
breakdown since then. In fact, villagers told me it hasn’t even required any additional
money for maintenance. The village contributed 10 percent of the cost, i.e., Rs.50,000. The
rest, 90 percent, was given by the Government. The solar panel automatically starts
working when the sun rises at 7 am. It works even in cloudy weather. Even the two motors
that pump the water from the filter plant to the village homes run on solar panels. If there is
any problem in its functioning, the village will get together and mobilize the funds to get it
repaired.
Even at night the village streets were totally garbage free because the panchayat had made
proper arrangements for garbage management but they were planning to improve village

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sanitation still further by setting up a hostel for cattle, as had been done in a village in
Banaskantha district. The idea of a cattle hostel also emanated from NarendraModi in order
to make the village life hygienic and also to reduce women’s drudgery. After Dhordo, I
visited the cattle hostel in Banaskantha district and found the arrangements both sensible
and innovative. The panchayat earmarks a portion of land on the outskirts of the village to
build hygienically maintained animal sheds built with a government grant. Each family ties
its cattle in these well lighted and well aired sheds unlike the dark and dingy animal sheds
people have at home. Family members come to this shed in the morning and evening to
bathe and feed the animals as well as milk them. The sheds are constructed with a water
trough in front of each animal. This ensures that the animal is never thirsty and therefore
gives plentiful milk. A veterinary service is attached to the animal hostel so that the health
of the animals is properly looked after.
The animal dung is used for producing gobar gas and light with a dedicated plant for this
purpose built as part of the animal hostel. Each animal has sufficient space for standing,
sitting and resting unlike in cramped animal sheds most people have at their homes where
animals have to often take turns at resting and sleeping. This too improves animal health.
Equally important, it saves a lot of labour for the women of the household. When the
animals are tied at home, they have to tend to them all through the day. But in the animal
hostel – twice a day visit is enough. For the rest, the attendants at the hostel take care of the
requirements. The animal dung also provides large quantities of organic manure to the
village while keeping the animal excreta far away from the living quarters in the
village. This ensures that the village is much cleaner and each house doesn’t become a
fertile ground for breeding flies and mosquitoes.
Thus it is a win-win for all. Not surprisingly, nearly 90 per cent of households had deposited
their cows and buffaloes in the hostel even though membership is optional. People told me,
it’s mainly those families which have only one female member and just one milk animal that
kept their animal at home. The rest voluntarily put their farm animals in the common living
space. This innovative idea of having in every village a cattle hostel has been added to the
aspirational list of many villages in Gujarat.

32
Earlier people of this area had begun to abandon their villages due to water scarcity,
especially during drought years. But now the pure Narmada waters are supplied for
drinking purpose to villages of this region through a pipeline. Every village has a huge
water tank for storing drinking water. Khwada has a 1 crore litre storage tank and tiny
Dhordo village with a population of 500 has 25 lakh litre storage. For all other purposes
they have several big talaabs (ponds). Hussainsays,“Water is the main instrument of
survival. If there is no water, there is no life. Now we have both water and employment.”
1.5.New Business & Employment Opportunities:
Apart from other new occupations, a factory set up by industrialist KantiSenSaraf is not far
from this area. Industries came Kutch in a big way only because Modi regime provided
quality infra structure to this hitherto barren and neglected region. Nearly 200 persons from
this sparsely populated area work in that factory. Even those with very low education get a
minimum salary of Rs. 10,000 per month. The factory has a system of training young
people into the skills required by the industry.
Good road connectivity 24x7 power supply, internet facilities etc have opened up numerous
new business opportunities for the local people. For instance, MianHussain who has
studied only upto class 6 has developed business links with the Agrocel Company. He
purchased a motor vehicle which works on a monthly contract with Agrocel. It is used for
ferrying those who go from these villages to work in that factory. He also own three water
tankers. A number of people in Dhordo village own trucks. I saw a whole fleet parked on
the outskirts of the village in a neat well- paved parking lot. These are all contracted to
Agrocel. Earlier there was not a single motor vehicle in the village. Now every single house
has at least a motorcycle, while many have jeeps and cars.
Apart from his commercial vehicle, Hussain also owns a Zylo. It works as a multipurpose
vehicle. During RannUtsav he uses it for carrying bottled water and other food provisions.
Earlier if someone wanted to buy even a modest vehicle, they had to sell their buffaloes.
But it brought no income. Now a motor vehicle is a source of income as well.

33
Today, the village has Wi-Fi connectivity. Six- seven years ago people of this region had
not even heard of these things. Today, all those with educated children have computers and
internet at home. Almost everyone in the village has dish TV.
1.6. Need of study:
Although having unique geomorphic and historic -cultural assets and attributes, Kutch is not
yet a very attractive tourist destination. On the other hand, in comparison to few other states,
Gujarat as a whole is not an attractive destination in India. Destinations in Kutch only exhibit
the general trend available in the state and are not developed.
White Desert in Kutch has an exemplary potential of being designated as a site for perfect
tourism place. The infrastructural aspects, deliverables to the society are primarily focused on
the local economic and sustainable development of Kutch Region. So, there is a need to study
the existing White Desert development and nearby tent city to further improve the facilities
and to give proposals for the same.
1.7. Objectives and scope of the study:
1.7.1. Objectives:
1. To understand the unique character of White Desert and to develop it as the most
beautiful tourism place.
2. To study the existing Tent City and to provide similar place for staying purpose of
tourists.
3. To analyse the existing infrastructural and other facilities near white desert and to
provide lacking facilities.
4. To provide planning proposal for integrated tourism development.

34
1.7.2. Scope:
1. Data Collection for identification of issues faced.
2. Improvement of Tower area in White Desert.
3. Possible action for improvement of tourism and local economy near the White Rann.
1.8. Study area profile:
The Great Rann of Kutch, along with the Little Rann of Kutch and the Banni grasslands on its
southern edge, is situated in the district of Kutch and comprises some 30,000 square
kilometres (10,000 sq mi) between the Gulf of Kutch and the mouth of the Indus River in
southern Pakistan. The marsh can be accessed from the village
of Kharaghoda in Surendranagar District.
In India's summer monsoon, the flat desert of salty clay and mudflats, which average 15
meters above sea level, fills with standing water. In very wet years, the wetland extends from
the Gulf of Kutch on the west through to the Gulf of Cambay on the east.
The area was a vast shallow of the Arabian Sea until continuing geological uplift closed off
the connection with the sea, creating a vast lake that was still navigable during the time
of Alexander the Great. The Ghaggar River, which presently empties into the desert of
northern Rajasthan, formerly emptied into the Rann of Kutch, but the lower reaches of the
river dried up as its upstream tributaries were captured by the Indus and Ganges thousands of
years ago. Traces of the delta and its distributary channels on the northern boundary of the
Rann of Kutch were documented by the Geological Survey of India in 2000.
The Luni River, which originates in Rajasthan, drains into the desert in the northeast corner
of the Rann. Other rivers feeding into the marsh include the Rupen from the east and
the West Banas River from the northeast.
There are sandy islets of thorny scrub, forming a wildlife sanctuary and a breeding ground for
some of the largest flocks of greater and lesser flamingos. Wildlife, including the Indian wild
ass, shelter on islands of higher ground, called bets, during the flooding.

35
Gujarat Map Showing Dhordo
Study Area Location

36
1.8. Data collection:
Survey at White Desert
1. Socio Economic Scenario:
The local people are involved in animal husbandry activities during off season. During
rannutsav they are engaged in supporting activities like food stalls, camel and horse cart.
They are also involved in working as staff in tent city and other such resorts around
white ran. Most of the people are from Udhmo and dhordo villages.During rannutsav the
income of horse carts and camel carts owner is Rs. 1000 to 1500.
2. Tourist:
Out of the total tourists, 62 % tourists are from Gujarat state, 35% from other states, 1%
NRI and 2% foreign tourist comes to the White Rann.

37
CHAPTER 2
PROPOSALS
2.1. Pedestrian Road:
Sometimes situation of traffic jam occurs on the approach road (White desert road) due to
insufficient width to accommodate the traffic.
A pedestrian road has to constructed parallel to the existing approach road towards the tower
to ensure safety of the pedestrians and ease the movement of carts on either side of the
existing road.
Proposed road details:
Width = 4 m
Length = 1.5 km.
2.2. Public Toilet Facility:
There is a Public Toilet at the parking location which is 1.5 km from the tower but there is no
Public toilet facility near the tower area. Therefore, a Pay and Use public toilet is proposed
with nominal charges.
2.3. Seating arrangement for elderly:
There is no seating arrangement facility in the vicinity of the tower. Considering the
requirement of the elderly people, a seating arrangement is proposed.
2.4. Lift for handicapped at tower:
There is no facility for handicapped people at the tower, therefore a lift is proposed for the
ease of differently abled.

38
2.5. Boarding and Dropping location near tower:
Specific Boarding and Dropping Locations have been identified to channelize the movement
of carts.
2.6. Proposal Plans and details:
Figure 16 Proposal for White Rann
2.6.1. Cost summary:
Sr. No. Proposal Estimated Cost (in Rs.)
1 Pedestrian Road 1.05 Crore
2 Public Toilet 12 Lacs
3 Seating arrangement for elderly 55 Thousand
4 Lift for handicapped 15 Lacs
5 Boarding and Drop points 3 Lacs

39
Figure 17 Proposal site for new tent city
The tents with attached bath & toilet facilities, along with facilities of meals using dining hall
with kitchen, toilet block, dormitory, children activity & other basic facilities and
transportation, as a one point solution provider.
Manage the tent facility including furnishing, housekeeping like maintaining toilets, drinking
water facility, water supply for other works, electricity supply, Area lighting cleanliness,
garbage disposal, security, etc.
Overall cleanliness and fire safety shall be of utmost important.
Presently the Tent city is targeted for the HIG people considering the cost aspect. There is a
need for similar staying place for the MIG people. Also we propose an amusement park to
increase tourist stay for more than 1 day. This will affect the number of tourists attracted to
the White Rann. Therefore a tent city for MIG people is also proposed.
The Amusement park will increase tourism even for the duration other than RannUtsav. It
should be planned in such a way that a whole day can be spent at the amusement park. This
will increase and boost up local economy.

40
In the Phase 1, amusement park of area 27.24 Hectares and 250 tents in the tent city are
proposed.
In the Phase 2, 200 tents are proposed.
In the Phase 3, 150 tents are proposed.
2.7. Summary:
1. RannUtsav has highly influenced the tourism in Kutch. The concept of Tent City and
RannUtsav has subsequently increased the number of tourists to the white rann.
2. The economy of the local region has improved due to increased employment
opportunities. Handicraft industry of kutch is promoted by establishment of stalls near
the White Rann.
3. During off season the local people are indulged in animal husbandry. For the upliftment
of the local economy and increasing the tourism even during the off season, adventure
park is proposed.
4. Presently MIG people prefer to go back to Dhordo or Bhuj for the night stay. The Tent
City for MIG people is proposed to attract and accommodate them.
5. The improvement of tower area is proposed by providing Public Toilet, Boarding and
Drop points, Lift for handicapped and Pedestrian roads as per the requirement of the
tourists.

41
PART 3: BHUJ

42
CHAPTER 1
DEVLOPMENT PLAN: BHUJ
1.1. Introduction:
The purpose of a Development plan is to promote growth and guide and regulate present and
future development of towns and cities. It is an instrument to work out land and infrastructure
requirements for various urban and rural uses, and allocate land for various uses to result in
harmonious and sustainable distribution of activities so that towns / cities are provided with a
form and structure within which they can perform all their economic and social functions
efficiently and effectively. However, as indicated in various relevant acts, the scope of a
development plan confines to the broad proposals and allocation of land for various uses such
as residential, industrial, commercial, recreational, public and semi-public, etc. It proposes a
network of roads and pattern of streets and traffic circulation systems for the present and the
future. A development plan identifies areas required to be preserved and conserved and
development of areas of natural scenery and landscape together with preservation of features,
structures or places of historical, architectural and scientific interest and environmental value.
Development plan includes zoning regulations for regulating development within each zone.
It also indicates stages through which the plan is proposed to be implemented. Thus, a
development plan is an important instrument for guiding and regulating development of
towns and cities over a period of time, and contributes to planned development both
conceptually and operationally.
Development plans are generally prepared for periods of 20 to 25 years. Population
projection for such plans is in fact a difficult task even though various scientific methods are
adopted by planners. It is a well known fact that actual population always surpasses the
projected population. Therefore, land requirements proposed for projected population also
falls short and so is the case with proposed infrastructure as well.
It is not denying the fact that collection and compilation of information required on various
parameters is a time consuming process because, firstly, upto date and reliable information is
not available and secondly, collection of information calls for fresh field surveys every time a
development plan is prepared. Compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes is opposed
tooth and nail by owners of land, which leads to corrupt practices of changing land use

43
proposals and ultimately causing delays. Besides, a development plan approval process is yet
another cause of delay.
Planning is a continuous process involving not only plan preparation but also plan
implementation. Due to ineffective implementation of plans, planning proposals become
irrelevant and meaningless and plan document becomes ineffective. In India, the root cause
of urban maladies is disconnection of plan preparation and plan implementation. Thus, over
the years, dichotomy has emerged between what has been proposed in a development plan
and what has happened on the ground. In large number of cases investment opportunities
have been made use of in contradiction to development plan proposals, which have led to the
emergence of development trends in the directions contrary to that of development plans. If
investment strategy goes contrary to development plan, economic chaos are sure to prevail.
Orderly growth of urban centers therefore calls for making available adequate resources and
adoption of investment strategies in accordance with the direction indicated in the
development plan for effective implementation.
It is not denying the fact that collection and compilation of information required on various
parameters is a time consuming process because, firstly, upto date and reliable information is
not available and secondly, collection of information calls for fresh field surveys every time a
development plan is prepared. Compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes is opposed
tooth and nail by owners of land, which leads to corrupt practices of changing land use
proposals and ultimately causing delays. Besides, a development plan approval process is yet
another cause of delay. Ensuring effective involvement of citizens in plan preparation and
implementation is seldom resorted to because in the present practice of development
planning, public suggestions and objections are invited by giving only a public notice that too
only after the draft development plan is prepared. Active participation is largely confined to
land owners whose properties are adversely affected.
1.1.1. History of development plan:
The history of contemporary planning practice in India dates back to the enactment of the
Bombay Improvement Trust Act 1920. Subsequently, similar Acts were enacted in other
Presidencies. The visit of Sir Patrick Geddes to India and his propagation of the work -home
place theory laid the foundation for the setting up of Improvement Trusts and subsequently

44
thinking process for enactment of Town and Country Planning Acts in various States and the
establishment of State T&CP Departments. Following this, Urban Development Authorities
were set up under Development Authority Acts for addressing the problems of fast growing
towns and cities and formulating Master Plans.
Statutory process of master plan formulation in India was inspired by the erstwhile
comprehensive planning system envisaged under the Town and Country Planning Act, 1947
of United Kingdom. As most of the Town Improvement Trust Acts then in force in various
states did not contain provisions for preparation of Master Plans, a need was felt to have a
Comprehensive Town and Country Planning Act on the lines of U.K.
Accordingly, Central Town and Country Planning Organization or TCPO drafted the Model
Town and Regional Planning and Development Law in 1962, which formed the basis for
various States to enact Town and Country Planning Acts, with modifications to suit local
conditions. This model Law was revised by TCPO in year 1985 as “Model Regional and
Town Planning and Development Law” to enact a comprehensive urban and regional
planning legislation in all the States and UT’s.
Based on the Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law,1985 ,many states
enacted their Town and Country Acts. However , states like Haryana, Rajasthan and UT of
Chandigarh, Lakshadweep do not have Town and Country Planning Acts. Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh and Uttrakhand have adopted the parent state’s T&CP Acts .
1.1.2. Development plan preparation according to GTPUDA:
As soon as may be after the constitution of an area development authority for any
development area, area development authority shall, not later than three years after the
declaration of such area as a development area or within such time as the State Government
may, from time to time, extend, prepare and submit to the State Government a draft
development plan for the' whole or any part of the development area in accordance with the
provisions of Act.

45
If a draft development plan is not prepared and submitted to the State Government by any
area development authority within the period specified in sub-section (1) or within the period
extended under that sub-section, an officer Appointed by the State Government in this behalf
may prepare and submit to the State Government in the prescribed manner a draft
development plan and recover the cost thereof from such area development authority out of
its funds. A copy of the draft development plan as prepared .nder section 9 in respect of any
area shall be kept open for inspection by the public during office hours at the head office of
the area development authority, or as the case may be, at the office of the authorised officer.
The draft development plan shall be on a scale not lower than eighty meters to a centimeter
and shall show in distinguishing prescribed colours the area or and the uses to which they are
proposed to be put.
A draft development plan shall generally indicate the manner in which the use of land in the
area covered by it shall be regulated and also indicate the manner in which the development
therein shall be carried out.
The area development authority or, as the case may be, the authorised officer shall, as soon as
may be, after a draft .development plan is prepared and submitted to the State Government ,
publish it in the Official Gazette and in such other manner as may be prescribed alongwith a
notice in the prescribed manner, inviting suggestions or objections from any person with
respect to the development plan within a period of two months from the date of its
publication.
If within the period specified in section 13 any person communicates in writing to the area
development authority, or, as the case may be, to the authorised officer any suggestions or
objections relating to the draft development plan, the said authority or officer shall consider
such suggestions or objections and may modify such plan as it or he thinks fit. When the
modifications made by an area development authority or, as the case may be, by the
authorised officer in the draft development plan are of an extensive or of a substantial nature,
the said authority or, as the case may be, the authorised officer shall publish the modifications
in the Official Gazette alongwi~h a notice in the prescribed manner inviting suggestions or
objections from any person with respect to the proposed modifications within a period of two
months from the date of publication of such notice and thereupon, the provisions of section
14 shall apply in relation to such suggestions or objections. After a draft development plan is

46
published as aforesaid and the objections or suggestions thereto, if any, are received, the area
development authority or, as the case may be, the authorized.
The area development authority or any other authority for whose A c qui sit ion purpose land
is designated in the final development plan for any of land. purpose specified in clause (b),
clause (d), I[clause (f), clause (k), clause (h) or clause (0)] of sub-section (2) of section 12,
may acquire the land either by agreement or under the provisions of the Land Acquisition
Act, 1894. If the land referred to in sub-section (1) is not acquired by agreement within a
period of ten years from the date of the coming into force of the final development plan or if
proceedings under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 are not commenced within such period,
the owner or any person interested in the land may serve a notice on the authority concerned
requiring it to acquire the land and if within six months from the date of service of such
notice the land is not acquired or no steps are commenced for its acquisition, the designation
of the land as aforesaid shall be deemed to have lapsed. Atleast once in ten years from the
date on which a final development plan comes into force, the area development authority
shall revise the development plan after carrying out, if necessary, a fresh survey , shall, so far
as may be, apply to such revision.
1.1.3. Difference between development plan and city development plan:
A CDP will provide vision and perspective for the future development of the city. But as
mentioned earlier, the focus of CDP is more on the development of economic and social
infrastructure, strengthening of municipal governance, financial accounting and other
bottlenecks. It could also be noted that the main objectives of reforms under the JNNURM
are to improve the financial conditions of local bodies and their credit worthiness and ability
to access market capital. Besides the main objectives of the JNNURM, it is to secure focused
attention on integrated development of infrastructure and services, secure effective linkages
between asset creation and assets management, ensure adequate investments of funds to
fulfill deficiencies in urban infrastructure services, scale up the delivery of civic amenities
and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor and planned
development of cities identified under the mission. On the other hand development plan aims
to promote growth and regulate present and future development of towns and cities. It is an
instrument to work out space and infrastructure required and to allocate land to various uses
for harmonious and sustainable distribution of land so that towns and cities are provided with

47
a form and structure within which it can perform all its economic and social functions
effectively and efficiently. It also gives zoning regulations for harmonizing the development
in each zone. As noted earlier, a development plan is a statutory instrument for guiding and
regulating development of towns and cities over a period of time and contributes to planned
development both conceptually and operationally. Development plan also takes the
cognizance of the regional linkages unlike CDP where emphasis is city based. The emphasis
of CDP is also more on identification of set of projects under JNNURM guidelines , which
may compel urban local bodies to devise ways and means to lift more funds from central and
state kitty. However, it is not denying the fact that CDP highlights certain important aspects
like preparation of financial profile of a city, investment plan and strategy plan and
infrastructure profile in preparation of CDP, which will go a long way in realizing
harmonious and sustainable development of towns and cities. These aspects which even
though are emphasized in the development plan but always are down played. Thus, it would
be advisable to integrate the CDP and development plan, as the objective of both the
documents is the same i.e. ‘future development of city’.
1.2. Existing scenario:
As per Census 2011, BHADA area has witnessed an increase in population in the last decade
from 170221 to 188236 at a growth rate of 10.58% which is significantly lower than India
(21.54%) and Gujarat (22.796). This is attributed due to the Earth-quake of 2001. The major
urbanised part of BHADA is part of old Bhuj area, which is part of Bhuj Municipality. At the
same time, significant population also resides in Madhapar too. lithe current growth trends
continue, the total population in the BHADA area is expected to go up to 247621 by 2021
and 277336 by the year 2025‘. The growth will require additional infrastructure, services and
facilities to cater the needs of future population and to facilitate high quality of life within the
city.

48
1.2.1. Proposed and Existing land use zoning:
Today urban areas within BHADA limits are home of about 180236 people. As this number
continues to grow and the city continues to prosper, additional supply of land and built spaces
will be required to provide planes for living, working, shopping. education, entertainment,
healthcare. gardens. infrastructure and many such needs. Also.it would be crucial to organize
this growth in a manner that maintains the quality at life and livability standards within the
area while keeping it economically vibrant and environmentally sustainable. This revised
development plan aims to satisfy these needs through various tools and mechanisms available
under the existing legal frameworks and in a manner that is consistent with the overarching
vision and principles of this plan.
Zonal is one of the important planning tools to manage growth, regulate density and organize
land uses within the urban area. By regulating land uses it helps to segregate compatible uses,
increase livability and create desirable character for different areas for the city. Zoning
combined with development regulations determines the supply of developable land and built
space in various tones However before arriving at various proposals to accommodate growth
and organize land uses.It is important to first understand the demand for development and
various considerations to organize land use and densities.
The Development Plan area, consists of Bhuj municipality, Mirzapar village and part of
Madhaparvillage.The sanctioned Development plan covered an area of 56.23 Sq.km of which

49
10.4 Sqkm of area is covered under agriculture whereas 27.56 Sqkm is covered under
residential.Totalvacant ,agricultural area is 38.58%.Other can be classified asm
Sr.No Use of land Proposed Land
use(sq.m)
% Land use
1 Residential 2756.9 49.2
2 Gamtal 152.19 2.7
3 Commercial 244.48 4.4
4 public/Institutional 253.6 4.5
5 Industrail 262.77 4.7
6 Graveyard 14.551 0.3
7 Recreational 374.19 6.7
8 Defence area 216.97 3.9
9 Water Bodies 177.74 3.2
10 Agriculture 580.02 10.4
11 Road and Transport 507.27 9.1
12 Forest land 48.23 0.9
13 Reservation 11.6 0.2
Total 100.0
(Source: Bhuj Development plan 2025)
The Above table denotes the land use zoning distributed as per Bhuj Development plan
2025.The maximum percentage of land is covered under the Residential Zone which is
2756.9 sq.km.It consumes 49.2% of the total Land distributed.
49.2
2.74.4
4.54.7
0.3
6.7
3.9
3.2
10.4
9.1
0.90.2 0 Residential
Gamtal
Commercial
public/Institutional
Industrail
Graveyard
Recreational

50
1.2.2. Traffic Characteristics:
A high quality well connected and integrated transportation and Road network is essential to
ensure healthy growth, thriving economy and high livability standard for a city. “4" EM) city
has about 250 ltm (DP Roadse Existing Roads] of road network. with respect to road
condition. 65,6 of the roads are surfaced and 3576 are roads with earthen surfaces. As the city
continues to grow improvements and expansions of its transportation network will be
required. Such improvements however must he planned carefully as they inﬂuence existing
population as we! as future growth and their location choices in the long run.Following the
principles of accessibility and mobility, land use transportation coordination and compact
growth, this chapter identifies proposals and recommendations to Improve transportation
network and mobility in BHADA area.
Sr.No. Type of Vehicles Nos Sr.No. Type of Vehicles Nos
1. Goods Vehicles 3 Ambulance 488
Truck 46222 4 3 wheeler Motor 2300
Tanker 9185 4 wheeler Motor 69122
Three Wheeler 9721 Total 71422
Other Light Wheeler 12693 5 Taxi 3200
Total 77821 6 Jeep 8116
2 Passenger Vehicles 7 AutoRickshaws 17729
Stage carrier 26 8 Two Wheeler 51454
Cont. carrier 911 9 Tractor 30233
Maxi Cab 3073 10 Trailer 24063
School Bus 180 11 Other Vehicles 7576
Private Ser. veh. 471 Total 760741
Police Van 39

51
1.2.3. Housing:
As the city continues to grow.there Is an Increasing demand of affordable housing to catef to
the growing needs of lower and middle income groups. A set of proposals and
recommendations have been identiﬁed in this section to cater to the housing needs and make
provisions for housing units that can be afforded by the EWS, LIG and MIG segment.
Sr.No Housing Need and Demand
1 Present Households 42597
2 Present Population 188236
3 Present Housing Need 47059
4 present Housing Gap 4462
5 Population Projection for year 2025 277336
6 Future Housing Demand 69334
1.2.4. Source of Water:
30 Bore wells and Narmada Canal
Raw Bulk Water supply (MLD): 20
Total Number of Connections:39600
Bhuj has 74.7 % household,which have acess to opendrainage and 21.3 % household dont
have acess to any drainage.Hence, the major Chunk of water generated by 78.7 % household
in city would reach for disposal in KhariRiver.There is no treatment facility except
decentralized wastewater system which has capacity of 0.03 MLD and 0.095 MLD
respectively.
1.2.5. Social Infrastructure:
1. Educational institutions:
Category of Institution NO.

52
Pre Primary 11
Primary,Secondary,Higher Secondary 30
Colleges 4
University 1
Bhuj has several institutions that provide special education including Music schools, Private
Classes. Training institutes etc.
2. Health:
Bhuj is an important town of Kachchh District and it has already developed modern
health care system to serve its residents and the huge numbers of visitors who come here
throughout the year on various occasions. Demands of people are increasing and the
same is true in the healthcare industry as well. To cope up with the demand for high
standard in the healthcare system.Bhuj has few multi-specialty hospitals.Apart from
public hospitals,private hospitals and clinics for specialized treatments, modern
pathological centers and alternative modes of treatment are also there in Bhuj to serve its
people as well as those who come here from outside.
3. Hospitals in Bhuj:
Bhuj has private and public hospitals offering high standards of healthcare services to the
people residing in the town area and also to the rural community. Primary health care
centers located in the vilages of Bhuj ensure that every resident gets minimum healthcare
services.For specialized treatment hospitals are available in Bhuj where qualiﬁed and
expert medical personals along with their team of para-medical and administrative staffs
serve the patients in the best possible way. Nanavati Trust Hospital, Kadva Patel Trust
Hospital, Viable Multispecialty Hospital, Accord Multispecialty Hospital are some of the
renowned hospitals of Bhui. G.l(. General Hospital in Bhuj is a public and private
venture making it a state-of-the art hospital in Gujarat. Hospitals in Bhuj have facilities
like in-patient, out-patient. Intensive Care Unit, Sterilized welaequippedoperation theater
and others.
4. Fire and emergency services:
Fire and emergency services are a municipal function in Gujarat.Government of India

53
has entrusted the additional responsibility to Fire Departments all over the country, of
being the first responders to natural and anthropogenic disasters.The fire and emergency
services depend on response time, availability of necessary equipment and tools,trained
manpower,organizational setup and financial requirements.Emergency situations that
occur in a place can be devastating for anyone who is present at that place during the
emergency.Whether it is a road accident or any natural calamity, residents as well as
tourists residing in Bhuj must be aware of how to tackle such situation.
5. Fire station:
Onset of fire can destroy life and properties within minutes. lt is important to use
immediate measures to curb onset of fire. Fire services in bhuj have well-trained fight
fighters along with all types of modern equipment to handle sudden fire and reduce the
loss of life and property especially when fire is caught in mum-storied buildings.Bhuj
faced devastating earthquake in 2001 and this natural incident led to the formation of
GSDMA (Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority). The initial tasks of GSDMA
was to ensure proper rehabilitation of the victims of the earthquake. Now it is responsible
for providing proper training about preparedness of disasters and also responsible for
mitigation activities to handle disaster of any type. Disaster Management Authority
works in coordination with the National Disaster Management Authority.

54
1.3. Changes in Development Plan of 2011 and 2025:
Figure 18 Change in agricultural land use in North West Zone
As the population of the bhuj city is going to increase, there would also increase the demand
of housing. In the development plan 2025, new land for the residential purpose has been
reserved around the outermost ring road (Airport Ring Road) in the North West Zone of the
city. This way not only housing problem will be solved, but also the precious land around the
ring road would be used to generate revenue. In DP 2011, the area reserved for agriculture
was around 249180 m², from which around 245720 m² of land is converted to residential
purpose which is 98.6% remaining land of around 3460 m².is reserved for agriculture.
Development Plan of 2011 Development Plan of 2025

55
Figure 19 Change in North West Zone
After the bhuj earthquake, 2001, the development plan was made in hustle. This causes some
problems, which are to be rectified now. There was lot of expenditure done by the authority.
Here the area reserved for public purpose land use is converted to residential zone to generate
revenue. This land is near to the Hamirsarlake and Sharad Bag Palace in the North West Zone
of the City, which is a unique and precious land. There were many plots reserved on the other
side of the Hamirsarlake in 2025 DP and hence the land reserved for public purpose were
shifted to the airport ring road area. The area of new residential land is around 5120 m².

56
Figure 20 Change in public purpose land use in North West Zone
Here in DP 2011 area reserved for public purpose in the North West zone of city, is converted
to residential zone in DP 2025. The area of Public purpose land in DP 2011 was around
120960 m². The purpose is to decentralize the services. As you can see in the above figure,
there is too much concentration of Public purpose land in one place, thus some land
converted to residential purpose, which is around 31890 m² (26.36%).

57
Figure 21 Changes in the Commercial Land use in North West Zone
In DP 2011, some part of land in north west zone of city near to pragsartalab was reserved for
commercial activities but as shown in above picture, the area failed to attract the commercial
activities, thus the land was converted to residential land use and the area of land is about
49480 m².

58
Figure 22: Change in agricultural land use in North East Zone
Some land in the North East Zone of the city was reserved for agriculture purpose in 2011
DP but converted into residential area to support the population increase and housing demand
in 2025 DP. Also a sports complex which was proposed in the DP 2011, is reserved here.
The area of agricultural land is around 137635 m² and the area of land reserved for sports
complex in DP2025 is around 5090 m². The proposal of the sports complex was based on the
suggestion as there was no sports complex in the previous DP. Location of sports complex is
near to the Bhuj Airport and at the periphery of the city outside the outer ringroad. Since the
area is outside of the city, traffic problems will not be seen there. Moreover , some of the
plots reserved for residential zone is converted into public place in DP 2025.

59
Figure 23 Change in agricultural land use in North East Zone
Here the proposed location for stadium in the and sports complex in DP 2011 in north east
zone is converted into residential area in DP 2025 to support the population growth and
housing demand of future. The area of land converted/ reserved for residential purpose is
around 204130 m². In 2011 Development plan , a portion of land to the north east of the new
railway station was suggested for a stadium and sports complex : zoned for recreational
purpose . Here no reservation was done for this purpose and hence in DP 2025 it is shifted to
a new area for which reservation is done.

60
Figure 24 Reduction in Commercial land in the North East Zone
Here, the industrial area in north east zone proposed in DP 2011 is reduced in DP 2025. This
is mainly due to overestimation of industrial growth in Bhuj city. Hence, due to this the
industrial area is proposed to be reduced. The amount of land converted is around 170780 m².
Industrial use was proposed 2.6% of the total BHADA area in sanctioned Development Plan
2011, but as per the existing land use study only 0.7% of the total BHADA area is under
Industrial Use.

61
Figure 25 Change of residential land into commercial land use in North East Zone
An area of around 20680 m², which was reserved for residential purpose in DP2011, is
converted to commercial purpose in DP 2025.

62
Figure 26 Changes in land use in South West Zone
A large portion of the area between the Mandvi road and Mundra road was under the
agriculture zone. The reason being firstly, as per the findings of Geological survey of India
the soil is of “ poor” quality in that area and secondly with the view to curtailing the urbanize
limits, areas were not zoned for residential purpose.
However, based on objection and suggestions received it was decided that since most of the
plots have NA permissions with sanctioned layouts the zone was changed to residential zone.
This was in 2011 DP.
However in 2025 DP proposal is made to change some portion of the residential area is
converted to pubic zone. It is done for the convenience of the people residing in the large
residential zone because no public place was reserved in this area for public purpose.

63
1.4. Water infrastructure:
1.4.1. History of water network in bhuj city:
Bhuj city is a rich city deeply intertwined withand dependent on water. The local king
combined the region’s two river systems with a series of dams and canals they constructed
over time, to feed the artificial lake that eventually earned the name ‘hamirsar.’ 500 years of
careful catchment management and development kept the aquifer healthy and continuously
recharged, even during periods of drought.
The city’s lake system has enabled this desert oasis to grow to a population of over 1.8 lakhs
and serve as economic hub of the region. Hamirsarlake is the single largest body in the
region.
1.4..2. Current water supply scenario:
At present, Bhuj municipality having multiple source for its water requirement. Kukuma tube
wells, being a major mainstay of city’s water supply scheme, fulfills 44% (12 MLD) of city’s
water requirement, it is operational since 40 years Bhuj municipality drilled 28 tube wells
near Kukuma and Bhujodi villages with the support of GWSSB. As per the past records,
every year 3-4 tube wells get dysfunctional and hence it requires to drill 3-4 new tube wells.
Figure 27 Water sources in bhuj city

64
Second largest source of water supply is narmada. It also provides 44% (12mld) of city’s total
water requirement. In 2015, bharapar scheme was developed to connect southern eastern
parts of the city. It fulfills 4% (1 mld) of requirement. However, due to heavy iron content in
water drawn from tube wells, gwssb is planning to install filtration unit. Moreover, out of 12
tube wells, only 4 are functional due to other technical issues.
Other sources are tube wells at kesavnagar and arihantnagar and open well at patwadi gate.
They together provide 8% (2 mld) of city’s water requirement.
Figure 28 Water supply scheme and sources
Figure 29 Water Supply Network

65
1.4.2.1. Storage structures and distribution network:
The figure depicts the distribution network of the city. Near Kukuma, there is major sump
built for distribution in the city. From Kukuma, water supplied towards two different
distribution networks, one at Madhapur distribution point and another at Bhujia distribution
point. From Bhujia there are three major distribution networks to supply water in different
parts of city. Apart from supplying water to nearby areas, Madhapur sump provides water at
Shivakrupa Nagar sump and from there are two separate distribution points built, one at
Ganesh Nagar and another at Rawalvadi. Rawalvadi sump also gets water from Narmada air
valves. Besides these, three other distribution points in the city at Kesav Nagar, Arihant
Nagar and Patwadi gate. Due to poor well at Patwadi gate, Municipality has given direct
connections in nearby areas from Narmada air valves.
1.4.2.2. water network at household level:
Most of societies have drilled tube wells having depth from 300 feet to 450 feet. Only three
tube wells were exception; one having depth of 125 feet, another at 200 feet and one at 500

66
feet. Tube wells were attached overhead tanks and submersible motor having electric
connections to lift water to store water at overhead tanks and then supply.
1.4.3. Demand vs. Supply:
Considering 135 liter water per capita per day for population of 2 lakh (present), water
requirement of Bhuj city is estimated to be 27 MLD, out of which Narmada water supply
accounts for 12 MLD and rest of the demand is managed from tube wells by Bhuj
municipality.
Distribution in the city is designed to provide water supply every third day on rotation basis
to predefined areas as per the schedules prepared. According to distribution point 67.5 ML is
being supplied if we consider these supply is for three days, 23 MLD supply against 27 MLD
in a day.
It should be noted that, GWIL claims average 23 MLD daily supply during the year of 2014-
15. If we consider their data and add supply from local sources, total supply will reach to
average 38 MLD on daily basis.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Source wise
supply
As per
Distributionpoint
As per GWIL data
Daily water supply in ML
Daily demand in ML

67
1.4.4. Organizational structure of water division:
Water distribution in Bhuj municipality is headed by Chief Engineer. Under his supervision,
there are eight supervisors, 3 for Repair and Maintenance, 3 for Supply and 3 for Tube wells.
Under supervisors, at each distribution point and tube well site 30m operators placed with
support of valve men and mechanics or laborers’ strength of 40. Total approximately more
than 80 personnel are engaged in water works.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Source wise
supply
As per
Distributionpoint
As per GWIL data
Water consumption in LPCD
Water requirement in LPCD

68
1.4.5. Water tariff structure:
Bhuj municipality follows pipe based water tariff for different category of users. There are
three category of users Residential, Commercial and Institutional. Total connections for water
supply in city are 34608 out of which 33291 are under residential category, 1031 are of
commercial and 236 are of institutional category. Following table depicts category wise pipe
size and tariff structure
Category Pipe size Tariff per Annum
Residential
15mm Rs. 900
20mm Rs. 1800
Commercial
15mm Rs. 3600
20mm Rs. 18000
Institutional meter connection Rs. 120 per 5KL
1.4.6. Collection efficiency & recovery ratio:
The following figure shows last 4 years’ receivables and actual receipts in account of water
tax. Overall recovery ratio in 2011 -12 was 49% which went down in 2012-13 to 45% again it
went up in 2013-14 to 60% and during 2014-15 it observed a deep fall to 39%. However
looking at the recovery ratio against last year’s receivables only for FY 2014-15 (Excludes
receivables from previous years) it is slightly higher than overall recovery of that year. The
last year’s receivables for water tax in 2014-15 were Rs. 3.34 Crores against which the
receipts for last year were Rs. 1.44 Crores which is 44%. The low recovery ratio ultimately
ends up with reduced level of cost recovery ratio ultimately end up with reduced level of cost
recovery for water supply resulting into financially unsustainable system for municipality.

69
1.4.7. Water consumption pattern:
Here, per capita water consumption pattern ranges from 75 liter per capita per day to 335
lpcd. If we exclude exemption cases of minimum consumption below 100 lpcd and in an
average it varies from 100 to 250 lpcd.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Water recovery
Recivables Receipts
Recovery during FY 2014-15
Outstanding (61%)
Receipts (39%)

70
1.4.8. Proposals:
1. Source:
• since 44% of water supply source is ground water so recharge wells to be constructed
at different locations in city to conserve ground water
• construction, encroachment, debris dumping, etc. Have been responsible of the slow
destruction of the lake water system of bhuj. The lake revival efforts are needed to be
implemented.
2. Treatment:
• although the tds is high for the ground water and surface water, the city is not having
any working water treatment plant. Water treatment plants should be provided to
provide palatable water.
• waste water treatment is also not being practiced and water is being dumped in
outskirts of city. This may have harmful impact on city environment and nearby water
bodies. Waste water treatment and disposal strategic plan need to be worked out.
• waste water segregation at source (gray water and black water) should be done so that
gray water can be reused. It will reduce the total demand load on narmada river and
ground water.
3. City network:
old water supply infrastructure is a major problem. It is also causing water loss. A
strategic plan for city level efficient water network should be prepared.
4. Household level network:
household level water harvesting should be promoted to overcome the water shortage.
1.4..9. Findings:
1. ground water tds is high but no water treatment plant is functioning.
2. waste water is being dumped in outskirts of city.
3. the whole city is not getting continuous supply of water.

71
4. construction, encroachment, debris dumping, etc. Have been responsible of the slow
destruction of the lake water system of bhuj.
5. water tariff is reasonable.
1.5. Road infrastructure:
1.5.1. Major Junctions:
1.5.1.1. Jubilee Circle:
1. Location:
Figure 30 Location plan of jubilee circle
Jubilee Circle is one of the important Junctions of Bhujcity. This circle is located on the inner
ring road intersecting Four Main Roads of Madhapar road, sevasadan road and VD high
school. Jubilee Circle has its importance because of its remote location and closeness to
walled city with a Jubilee Play Ground in the vicinity.

72
2. Linkage with Town:
As mentioned earlier, Jubilee Circle due to its remote location, it is connecting all major
landmarks of the city. Since Central bus station is located on Inner ring road, it is connecting
the old town and newly developed areas as a transit or fringe mobility location.
Following table shows the distance of all major landmarks from Jubilee circle. The Distance
is shortest distance selected.
Landmark Distance (km)
Bus terminal 1.3
Railway Terminal 13.2
Airport 6.9
Hamirsar Lake 2.3
Desalsar Lake 2.4
BhujioDungar 3
Old Jubilee Hospital 3
Shree Swaminarayanmandir 0.65
BhujNagarpalika Office 1
BHADA Office 0.5
Kutch Museum 0.9
GK General Hospital Same location
Smrutivan 4
Hence, it can be concluded that tis circle is connecting all major landmarks within a radius of
3 kms.
3. Urban design parameters:
Parameters Presence /Absence condition
Pedestrian related elements Partial Footpaths are in dilapidated
condition
Cycle related elements Absent
Road side elements
1. Bus stops Absent

73
2. Plantation
3. Street lights
4. On street parking
5. Sewerage line
6. Storm water drainage
7. Street signage
Present
Present
Absent
Present
Absent
Present
Average
Good
Manholes obstructs the
traffic
Good
Carriageway elements
1. Shoulders
2. Markings
3. Signals
4. medians
5. Roundabout island
6. Splitter islands
Absent
Present
Present
Present
Present
Heavy traffic even other than peak hours leads to congestion, traffic cops are absent for
traffic management. Unauthorized parking is a threat to circle.
Figure 31 Traffic scenario of jubilee circle
1.5.1.2. Reliance Petrol Pump Circle:

74
1. Location:
Figure 32 Location plan of Reliance Petrol Pump Circle
Reliance Petrol Pump Circle also called as Aiyanagar circle is one of the important Junctions
of Bhuj city. This circle is located on the outer ring road intersecting Four Main Roads of
Mirzapar bypass, B.Ed college road and Mundra road. Reliance Petrol Pump Circle has its
importance because of its outer location connecting outer fringe areas of Bhuj.
As mentioned earlier, Reliance Petrol Pump Circle due to its location, it is connecting mostly
the extend areas of development plan of the city. Airport is also located on outer ring road. It
is linking the SH-48 (to Mundra) and SH-42.
Following table shows the distance of all major landmarks from Reliance Petrol Pump circle.
The Distance is shortest distance selected.
Bus terminal 3
Airport 11.4
Hamirsar Lake 3.9
Desalsar Lake 4

75
BhujioDungar 4.6
Old Jubilee Hospital 4.6
BhujNagarpalika Office 2.7
BHADA Office 2.3
Kutch Museum 2.6
GK General Hospital 2.5
Smrutivan 3.8
Hence, it can be concluded that tis circle is connecting all major landmarks within a radius of
3 kms. Even though airport is on same ring road, it is quite far due to its location on the
exactly opposite direction.
Pedestrian related elements Absent
Road side elements
1. Bus stops
2. Plantation
3. Street lights
5. Sewerage line
7. Street signage
Absent
Present
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Present
Average
Good
Good
1. Shoulders
2. Markings
3. Signals
4. medians
Absent
Present
Present
Present

76
6. Splitter islands Present
Urban local Traffic is less as compared to other two junctions. Since this junction is
intersection of two state highways, the traffic is non-urban and generally heavy vehicles are
on the road.
View of Reliance Petrol Pump Circle
1.5.1.3. UdyogBhavan Circle:
1. Location:
Location plan of UdyogBhavan circle

77
UdyogBhavancircle is one of the important three-way Junction of Bhujcity. This circle is
located on the middle ring road intersecting three Main Roads of Madhapar road, inner ring
road and Naredi-ratatalav road.UdyogBhavancircle has its importance because of its middle
location acting as a transition to walled city and outer developed sites.
As mentioned earlier, UdyogBhavanCircle due to its location, it is connecting mostly the
extend areas of development plan of the city. Railway Station is also located on middle ring
road.
Following table shows the distance of all major landmarks from Reliance Petrol Pump circle.
The Distance is shortest distance selected.
Bus terminal 2.9
Airport 10
Hamirsar Lake 3.8
Desalsar Lake 4.5
BhujioDungar 2.8
Old Jubilee Hospital 5
BhujNagarpalika Office 2.6
BHADA Office 2.2
Kutch Museum 2.4
GK General Hospital 0.28
Smrutivan 2.1
Hence, it can be concluded that this circle is connecting all major landmarks within a radius
of 3 kms. Even though Railway station is on same ring road, it is quite far due to its location
on the exactly opposite direction to north.

78
Pedestrian related elements Present Broken pavers with non-
maintenance
Road side elements
1. Bus stops
2. Plantation
3. Street lights
5. Sewerage line
7. Street signage
Absent
Present
Present
Absent
Present
Absent
Present
Average
Good
Good
1. Shoulders
2. Markings
3. Signals
4. medians
6. Splitter islands
Absent
Present
Present
Present
Present
View of UdyogBhavan Circle
1.5.2. Road Network:

79
1.5.2.1. Road network scenario:
The Bhuj City is follows Radial pattern of Road network at macro-level, i.e. Development
plan; whereas it follows grid-iron pattern of road network, i.e. Town planning schemes. Some
T.P schemes are yet to be implemented so certain irregular roads are existing. Street network
before the 2001 Earthquake was not following any regular pattern, but the implementation of
first development plan-2001 and later of 2011 and existing 2025 lead to follow the roads in
systematic way. No road in the walled city was more than 6 feet before T.P. Schemes, but the
implementation of T.P. Schemes introduced all roads more than 36 feet width which helped
to cater busy city centre traffic.
However Bhuj is the first city to develop T.P. Schemes in the walled city area by making 7
TPS in a well-planned manner. This resulted in good mobility within the core city and
reduction in trip distances as well as trip time.
The three ring roads, viz. Inner, middle and outer ring roads are the major transportation
corridors of the city. Gaurav path of Bhuj lengths 90m from Managalam Garden to Khengarji
Park and is the well street furnished road of Bhuj city.
Gaurav path of Bhuj

80
DP-2025 of Bhuj showing road pattern
1.5.2.2. Comments:
1. Even after the implementation of TPS in the core city, the road pattern does not follow
regular grid-iron system.
2. Jubilee circle is most traffic congested junction and cannot acter the traffic in the peak
hours, hence to be improved in terms of street furniture, signalling of junction and traffic
cops.
3. The excavated earth material of the development and the demolished trash of building
and pavements is simply thrown along both sides of the outer ring road.
4. Due to non-availability of storm water drainage, during monsoon, the middle ring road is
under water when excessive rains and thus leads to shutting of traffic movement in those
days.

81
Demolished debris on road shoulders

82
CHAPTER 2
HERITAGE SITES
2.1. Introduction:
The cultural and historical roots, which constitute a city’s heritage, make it a unique place in
which to live and work. Historic buildings in the city reflect different aspirations and mark
important events down the centuries. Therefore, the process of acknowledge them, restoring
them and integrating them into new development would be as important step in the project of
reconstruction. The conservation of Bhuj heritage must remain citizens of their past, in still a
sense of confidence and civic pride in their new city, and open new avenues for tourism as an
important economic activity.
2.1.1. Objectives and scope of study:
1. To broaden the students horizon & ample global cultural awareness
2. To enhance tourism in archaeological site by providing more attractions
3. To integrate planning with tourism of archaeological sites to boost up economy of nearby
area
4. To give proposals to conserve the heritage places
2.2. Conservation in India:
Many agencies work toward saving the myriad number of monuments and settlements in
India. Government organizations, non-government organizations, regional 7 and local groups
work with whatever resources they have and can save. A few organizations working at
national level are:
1. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
2. Department of Archaeology
3. State Departments of Archaeology (SDA)
4. National Monuments Authority (NMA)
5. Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO)

83
6. Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage (INTACH)
7. National Culture Fund (NCF)
Two major agencies working at the national level are ASI and INTACH. With offices
(circles/chapters) at the regional level, they do projects, which vary widely. Each collaborates
with various agencies, sometimes with one another, to carry out large-scale projects. ASI is a
government agency and there are various layers of administration. INTACH has the skills and
ability to do good work, but it has limited legal authority.
2.2.1. Conservation Techniques:
1. Chemical Preservation
2. Structural Conservation
3. Contemporary Awareness Program
1. Structural Conservation:
Although there have been references of conservation of structures way back in the early
Historic Period as evidenced at Junagadh, Gujarat, it was done on structures that were
beneficial to the contemporary society. The earlier attempts to give a legal framework for
preventing vandalism were the two legislations namely the Bengal Regulation of 1810
and Madras Regulation of 1817. The monuments and sties that received nominal funds
and attention way back in 19th century was TajMahal, Tomb at Sikandara, QutbMinar,
Sanchi and Mathura. Based on the proposal submitted in 1898, 5 Circles were constituted
to do the Archaeological work in India. These Circles were required to devote
themselves 1904’ was passed with the prime objective to ensure the proper upkeep and
repair of ancient buildings in private ownership excepting such as those used for
religious purposes. From the first decade of the last century therefore many monuments
could be taken up for conservation.

84
Figure 33 Floral Band
2. Chemical Preservation:
The Archaeological Survey of India’s Science Branch is responsible mainly for the
chemical conservation treatment and preservation of some 3593ninety three protected
monuments besides chemical preservation of museum and excavated objects
countrywide. The real challenge before us is to plan the necessary measures of
conservation with a view to assure the survival of these built cultural heritage and unique
symbols of our civilizations for centuries to come, with as little intervention as possible
but without altering or modifying in any way the authenticity of their original character.
To ensure the stability as well as proper conservation of our cultural heritage, there is a
need to give more thrust to the scientific research in conservation options must be based
on a preliminary investigation which includes the knowledge of physical nature of the
object (constituent materials, architectural characteristics, production techniques, state of
decay) and of the factors which induce or could induced its decay. In other words, as in
the case of medical study the field of conservation therapy to be based on a correct
diagnosis
Before After

85
Figure 34 TajMahal
2.3. Conservation in Gujarat:
1. Promotion of Heritage Walks
2. Exploring the feasibility of conversion of heritage buildings into accommodation units
and development of special heritage zones with suitable activities while retaining the
originality of the structures. ·
3. Development of Museums in co-ordination with ASI, Sports, Youth and Cultural
Activities Department
4. Conservation and beautification of important monuments in identified tourism circuits
and special tourism areas in consultation with the Ministry of Culture /ASI or the State
Archeological Department. ·
5. Development of accommodation facility at Dholavira, Lothal and such other places.
6. Development of Interpretation Centres at key archaeological and historical monument
sites.
7. Special attention to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Champaner and Rani-ki-Vav
8. Master plan and infrastructure development plan area for heritage tourism
Before After

86
Figure 35 Heritage walk in Bhuj
2.4. Rules, regulation and guidelines for conservation:
2.4.1. Constitutional guidelines:
1. “Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a
distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same”
(Article 29 of the Constitution)
2. “It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or subject of
artistic or historical interest, declared by or under law made by parliament, to be of national
importance from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the
case may be” (Article 49 of the Constitution)
3. “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich heritage of
ourcomposite culture”(Article 51 A (F) of the Constitution)

87
2.4.2. Acts:
1. The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904
2. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
3. AMASR ACT 2010
4. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959
5. The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
6. The Antiquities and Art Treasures Rules, 1973
7. Several states also have State legislations that apply to State Archaeology Monuments
and Sites.
2.4.3. Rules:
1. Ancient Monument and Archaeological Site and Remains ( Framing of heritage bye-laws
and Other Functions of the Competent Authority) Rules, 2011
2. National Monument Authority ( Appointment, Function and Conduct of Business )
Rules, 2011
2.5. Role of historical place in urban planning:
2.5.1. Heritage:
These heritage features provide important landmarks in the city and affect the overall urban
design in local and intermediate scale. Attention should be given to protect the surviving
features. Effort should be made to create a suitable setting to make a design response to those
heritage features.
2.5.2. Re-use:
Conservation of heritage, architectural, and culturally significant features should be
encouraged to enhance cultural and historical continuity. The refurbishment and re-use
should be compatible with the surroundings. Suitable new uses should be found for heritage
features.
2.5.3. Protecting the Setting of Heritage Features:

88
Individual or clusters of heritage features should be recognized as important contextual
elements. Context or setting of these heritage features should be responded. Suitable settings
for heritage features should be preserved or created. Wherever possible, views to the heritage
features should be preserved and opened up. Building heights of new neighboring
developments should generally respect and if necessary be lowered towards the heritage
features.
Suitable Settings for Heritage Feature
Preserve or Open Up Views to Heritage Feature
2.5.4. Compatibility:
To minimize negative impact of a new development on a neighbouring heritage feature,
massing of the new development should be arranged in such a way that larger elements
should be located furthest from the heritage feature with smaller elements to be located
closest. Terraced and landscaped podium could be adopted to integrate more coherently with
scale and possibly the character of the heritage feature. Scale, proportions, colour, materials
or architectural design of the new development, especially in the lower floors, should be
compatible with the heritage feature as far as possible.

89
Reflecting Proportions on Old and New Buildings
2.5.6. Preservation of Local Character:
Local districts have their own unique cultural activities, and physical and historical
characters. In redevelopment, these activities and characters should be retained and enhanced
as much as possible.
2.5.7. Recreated Heritage:
Where appropriate, new developments could consider to create a sense of history through
their architectural forms and materials with a view to providing interest and contrast with the
general urban area.
2.6. Historical Places of Bhuj:

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